Hyperledger Umbrella Projects

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 What is Hyperledger ?

• An open source initiative led by the Linux Foundation

• Cross-industry collaborative effort to support blockchain-based distributed

ledgers

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 Objectives of Hyperledger

• Reduce the cost and complexity for blockchain adoption.

• Enterprise compatibility of Blockchain systems.

• DLTs that support global business transactions.

• Develop open protocols and standards for enterprise blockchains.

• https://www.hyperledger.org/

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 Hyperledger Projects

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 Salient Features of Hyperledger

• Permissioned blockchain.

• No miners or coins.

• Modular architecture.

• Pluggable consensus schemes.

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 Benefits of Hyperledger Initiative

• Keep up with latest developments in blockchain space.

• Better productivity through specialization.
• Open collaboration to avoid duplicate effort.
• Better quality control of code.

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194
 Hyperledger Fabric

• DLT framework implementation

• Initially contributed by Digital Asset and IBM

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 Fabric Features

• Permissioned blockchain network

• Modular and extensible open-source system

• Smart contract can be written in standard programming languages(Go,

NodeJS, Java )

• No cryptocurrency and No mining

• Privacy and confidentiality of transactions

• Offers the ability to create channels

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 Multiple Channel

• Hyperledger Fabric business can

create multiple private channels
A B
• Let A, B, and C be participants in a
DLT based business network
application
• A and C can conduct a confidential
transaction by creating a private Private Channel AC

channel between them

C

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 Components of Fabric

There are mainly 3 components:

• Membership Service Provider

• Peer (Endorser & Committer)
• Orderer (Ordering Service)

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 Membership Service Provider

• Registration of identities
• Maintains the identities of all the nodes (clients, peers and orderers)
• Issuance of Enrollment Certificates (ECerts)
• Certificate renewal and revocation
• Every single operation must be signed with a Certificate
• Certificates are per user

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 Peer
Ledger

• Peer manages the Ledger which consists of

the Transaction Log (Blockchain) and World World Blockchain
State
State
• Peer has two roles Endorser and Committer
• Endorser
– Execute the transaction and generate the RW set
– Endorsement policy describes the condition by
which a transaction can be endorsed

• Committer
– Commits transaction
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 Orderer

• Provides Order of Transactions

• It creates the Blocks for the Blockchain based on consensus

• There are two types of ordering service - Solo & RAFT

• Block size can be based on number of transactions or timeout value

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 Transaction Flow

Peer

Membership
Service Provider Endorser
0: Enroll 2: Execute CC
CA
1: Transaction Proposal
Committer
Client SDK 3: Endorsed Response
Application 6: Validate and Commit
Tx
5: Deliver Block
Ledger
4a: Submit Tx 4b: Order Txs in Chain code
a block according
to consensus Events

Ordering Service

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 Applications

• Financial Services
• Trade Logistics
• Food Safety
• Identity Management
• Public Sector

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204
 Hyperledger Sawtooth

Modular platform for building, deploying and running distributed

ledgers.

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 Project Timeline

2014

• Project began at Intel Labs

• Sawtooth Lake

2016

• Proof of Elapsed Time algorithm was delivered

• Sawtooth made available to Hyperledger

2018

• Release of Sawtooth 1.0 (January)

• Release of Sawtooth 1.1 (December)

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 Sawtooth Features

• Parallel Transaction Execution

• Pluggable consensus algorithms

• On-chain governance

• Multiple language support (SDKs available for Python, Go, JS, Rust, Java,

C++)

• Ethereum contract compatibility

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 Consensus

• Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) : a Nakamoto-style consensus algorithm that

is designed to be a production-grade protocol capable of supporting large
network populations

• Dev mode : a simplified random leader algorithm that is useful for developers
and test networks

• Raft : a leader is elected for a term of arbitrary time. Leader is replaced if it

times-out.

• PBFT: a leader-based non-forking consensus algorithm that is ideal for

smaller, consortium-style networks that do not require open membership.

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 PoET

LOTTERY BASED WAITING GAME 2 CHECKS FOR SECURITY

Each node in the network is
assigned a random time to wait
before being the leader to propose
the next block.
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The node that has it’s time
completed first is then able to
propose the next block. Nodes
must provide a proof of their
time completion to peers.
Checks are made on if the
lottery winner actual
chose/received a random wait
time and if the lottery winner
actual waited the specified
time.
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 Components

• Client
• Transaction Processor
• Validator
• Sawtooth Network

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 Workflow

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212
 Hyperledger Indy

• Supports independent identity on distributed ledgers.

• Contributed by the Sovrin Foundation in May 2017.

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 Features

• Provides tools, libraries and reusable components for creating and using
digital identities rooted on blockchain.

• Key principle is its ‘Privacy by Design’ approach, based on the concept

of Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) .

• Indy promotes something called self-sovereign identity

• Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a term used to describe the digital movement

that recognizes an individual should own and control their identity without the
intervening administrative authorities.

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 DIDs

• Digital identifiers with several attributes that uniquely defines a person, object,
or organization.

• Don’t require centralized registry services.

• DID is a new type of globally unique identifier (URI) that does not require a
centralized registration authority because control of the identifier can be
proved using cryptography.

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 Consensus Algorithm

• Uses RBFT (Redundant Byzantine Fault Tolerance)consensus algorithm.

• A primary node proposes new blocks and others updates their ledgers using
proposed blocks.

• Primary node's performance is periodically compared with the other nodes'

average performance, in order to avoid the risk of primary node being a
malicious one.

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 Applications

• Decentralized identity management applications based on the concept

of decentralized identifiers(DID).

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Hyperledger Iroha, Burrow, Grid, Besu

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 Hyperledger Iroha

• Joined hyperledger in 2016

• Production release in May 2019, originally developed by Soramitsu

• Designed to be simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructural projects

requiring distributed ledger technology.

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 Features

• Simple structure.

• Modular , domain-driven C++ design.

• Emphasis on mobile application development.

• Assets and identity management.

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 Architecture

API LEVEL TORII MODEL

PEER INTERACTION LEVEL NETWORK CONSENSUS

CHAIN BUSINESS LOGIC LEVEL SIMULATOR VALIDATOR SYNCHRONIZER

STORAGE LEVEL AMETSUCHI

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 Consensus Algorithm

• Consensus algorithm used is called YAC(Yet Another Consensus ).

• Consensus involves taking blocks after they have been validated,

collaborating with other blocks to decide on commit, and propagating
commits between peers.

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 Applications

• Specialized to create highly responsive and performant applications for end

users to interact with, such as mobile and web applications.

• Digital payments, digital identity management, and supply chain management

applications can be developed.

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 Hyperledger Burrow

• Is a blockchain framework and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by the

Linux Foundation.

• Contributed by Monax and co-sponsored by Intel.

• Joined Hyperledger in April 2017.

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 Features

• Operates as a permissioned blockchain network.

• Executes Ethereum smart contract code on a permissioned virtual machine in

a secure and efficient manner.

• Modular platform which provides high transaction throughput, by the use of

Tendermint Consensus Algorithm.

• Provides enhanced security, identity and privacy etc.

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 Architecture

PERMISSIONED EVM PERMISSIONED EVM

GATEWAY

APPLICATION ENGINE

PERMISSIONS

ABCI

CONSENSUS ENGINE

P2P NETWORK

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 Components

• Gateway

• Smart Contract Application Engine

• Consensus Engine

• Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI)

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 Consensus Algorithm

• Uses Tendermint Consensus Engine.

• Participants in the protocol are called validators.

• Validators take turns proposing blocks of transactions and voting on them.

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 Applications

• In incubation stage

• Expecting to support identity management, inter-blockchain communication

etc.

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 Hyperledger Besu

• An open-sourced Ethereum client written in Java

• It can run on both Ethereum public networks and private permissioned

networks

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 Hyperledger Grid

• Is a project for building supply chain solutions

• It includes a set of libraries, data models, and SDKs to accelerate

development for supply chain smart contracts and client interfaces

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Hyperledger Libraries

232
 Hyperledger Libraries

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 Quilt

• Initially contributed by NTT Data and Ripple

• Helps in transfer of value across different Blockchain networks

• Enables interoperability between ledger systems - Interledger protocol

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 Ursa

• To use existing, time tested, and trusted cryptographic libraries

• To develop new cryptographic library implementations

• Shared cryptographic library

• Opt-in repository for projects to place and use crypto

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 Aries

• Shared, reusable, interoperable toolkit for creating, transmitting and storing

verifiable digital credentials.

• Secure secret management and decentralized key management functionality.

• Includes a shared cryptographic wallet for blockchain clients.

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 Transact

• Provides a standard interface for executing smart contracts

• Implements new smart contract languages called “smart contract engines,”
that implement a virtual machine or interpreter that processes smart
contracts.
• Transact also provides SDKs for implementing smart contracts and smart
contract engines, which makes it easy to write smart contract business logic
in a variety of programming languages.
• Provides a shared software library that handles the execution of smart
contracts, including all aspects of scheduling, transaction dispatch, and state
management.

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Hyperledger Tools

238
 Hyperledger Tools

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 Caliper

• Is a benchmark tool for blockchain framework.

• Allows users to test different blockchain solutions with predefined use cases
and get a set of performance test results.

• Currently supported performance indicators:

○ Success Rate
○ Transaction & Read Throughput
○ Transaction & Read Latency
○ Resource consumption

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 Cello

● Blockchain module toolkit which can help to create “Blockchain-as-a-Service “

platform in an easier and faster manner.

● Manage the lifecycle of blockchains e.g., create/start/stop/delete/keep health

automatically.

● It helps to check the system status and manage chains, upload smart contract
and test through dashboards.

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 Explorer

● Web application for viewing activity on the underlying blockchain network.

● Can view, invoke, deploy or query blocks, transactions and associated data,
network information, chain codes etc.

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 Avalon

• Ledger independent implementation of the Trusted Compute Specifications

published by the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance.
• Aims at executing trusted blockchain-related computations outside the main
blockchain.
• In Avalon, the off-chain trusted compute resources will be executing the
transactions and the role of blockchain is to ensure transaction auditability
and implementing execution policies.

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 Cactus

• An integration tool that enables users to securely integrate different

blockchains.
• Pluggable architecture helps enable the execution of ledger operations across
multiple blockchain ledgers, including Hyperledger Besu, Hyperledger Fabric,
Corda, and Quorum.

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THANK YOU