THETWO TORTOITU MALLITTUALITI US 20180240359A1

(19 ) United States

(12 ) Hujsak
Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No.: US 2018 /0240359 A1
(43) Pub. Date: Aug . 23 , 2018
(54 ) BIOCHMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL G06F 17 /30 (2006 . 01)
APPLICATION PLATFORM G06N 99 / 00 (2006 .01)
( 71 ) Applicant: NutriCern , Inc., Sebastopol, CA (US) (52) CPC
U .S . CI.......... . GO9B 19 /0092 (2013 .01); GO6N 5/ 02
(2013. 01 ); GO9B 5 /02 ( 2013.01 ); GOWN
( 72 ) Inventor: Jonathan Todd Hujsak, Ramona , CA 99 /005 (2013 .01); G06F 17 / 30477 (2013 .01)
(US)
(21) Appl. No.: 15 /932, 336 (57 ) ABSTRACT
A biochemical and nutritional application platform com
(22) Filed : Feb . 16, 2018 bines nutritional, biochemical, physiological, botanical,
medical, culinary , and many other forms of knowledge with
Related U .S . Application Data an intelligent decision support capability to provide con
(60 ) Provisional application No . 62/460 ,578 , filed on Feb . sumers with nutritional guidance in an efficient and useful
17 , 2017 , provisional application No. 62 / 512 , 819 , manner. The biochemical and nutritional application plat
filed on May 31 , 2017 . form is designed to support an environment of applications
for food consumption design , dietary planning, nutraceutical
Publication Classification
research , pharmaceutical research , nutritional counseling ,
cosmeceutical development, academic learning, agricultural
(51) Int. Ci. research , and many other domains that can take advantage of
GO9B 19 /00 ( 2006 .01) real-time guidance from deep biochemical and molecular
GOON 5 /02 (2006 .01) nutrition knowledge .

( 0 ) Hello ,Denise ! @ @
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Cherry Tomatoes
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pariatu Garlic 2 Cloves
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Green Lentils
Kale
Lemon Juice
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Purple Cabbage
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24 Comments
( @E Denise Smith My Rating: rain
Prepared : December 12 , 2017 How Felt: * * * *
Im ad minim veniam , quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex qa commodo
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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 5 of 34 US 2018 /0240359 A1

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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 9 of 34 US 2018 / 0240359 A1

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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 11 of 34 US 2018 /0240359 A1

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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 14 of 34 US 2018 /0240359 A1

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Denise Smith My Rating:
Prepared : December 12 , 2017 How IFelt * * *
im ad minim veniam , quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi utaliquip ex qa commodo
consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiatnuila
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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 33 of 34 US 2018 /0240359 A1

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Patent Application Publication Aug. 23, 2018 Sheet 34 of 34 US 2018 /0240359 A1

Receive a request from a user for

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US 2018 /0240359 A1
BIOCHMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL
APPLICATION PLATFORM
CROSS -REFERENCE TO RELATED
APPLICATIONS
[0001 ] This application claims the benefit of and priority
to U .S . Provisional Application No . 62/ 460 ,578 , filed on
Feb . 17 , 2017, and U .S . Provisional Application No. 62 /512 ,
819 , filed on May 31, 2017 , all of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entirety .
BACKGROUND
[0002 ] This invention relates generally to nutrition , and
more particularly to providing nutritional guidance using a
biochemical and nutritional application platform .
[0003 ] Often times , it is advantageous for consumers of
food to design their diets to align with their wellness and /or
health objectives. For example, an individualmay have one
or more diseases that the individual wishes to prevent, and
in some cases may also have genetic predisposition for a
specific disease . As another example , an individual may
already be suffering from a disease , and may wish to
alleviate or cure the disease . As yet another example , an
individual may be interested in improving physiological and
psychological performance in areas such as visual acuity,
cognitive functions, memory, and physical endurance . Alter
natively , the diet may have to take into account groups as
opposed to single individuals . For example, a family meal
may be designed to balance theneeds of all family members .
As another example , a sports training team may design a diet
that enhances the physical endurance of the whole team . As
yet another example , a hospital may design meals that are
delivered to patients to mitigate different aspects of a meta
bolic syndrome.
[0004] Typically, foods contain various types of chemicals
and nutrients that generate a multitude of physiological and
pharmacological actions related to consumers ' wellness and
health goals. Designing a food consumption plan around
wellness and health objectives has the potential to signifi
cantly reduce health care costs , and may be an alternative
and supplementary approach to treating diseases, signs , and
symptoms that can potentially reduce or eliminate the need
for expensive conventional medical treatments as well as
pharmaceuticals. More importantly, it has significant pre
ventive potential, in some cases preventing disease from
manifesting in the first place .
[ 0005 ]. However, it is often difficult for consumers to plan
meals directed to their wellness and /or health objectives
because determining the aggregate physiological and phar
macological actions associated with food is a complicated
problem , and there is a lack of resources to do so accurately
and effectively. For example, for a salad with just a few types
of vegetables , fruits, seeds, and nuts , each ingredient may
have a hundred or more macro - nutrients (e . g ., protein ,
carbohydrates , fats, water ), micro -nutrients ( e. g., vitamins ,
minerals , trace elements), and phytonutrients ( e . g ., various
chemicals found in plants ). Each nutrient can have a hundred
or more known pharmacological actions, such as “ anti
hypertensive" or " anti- inflammatory ” actions, that interact
with humans at the cellular level, modulating cellular meta
bolic , signaling , and gene expression pathways . Complicat
ing matters even more , nutrients from different foods may
interfere with each other when the foods are mixed or
Aug . 23, 2018
consumed together . For example , nutrients in different foods
may reinforce each other 's pharmacological actions . In other
cases , the nutrients may cancel each other ' s pharmacologi
cal actions out.
[0006 ] Even if such information on the effects of food is
available , most existing information retrieval systems typi
cally return a collection of documents and webpages that
each contain scattered portions of information relevant to
consumers . For example , one page may contain information
on the potential allergies triggered by an ingredient of the
salad , and another page may contain information on how the
ingredient can interfere with a prescribed drug . In such an
environment, it is largely the consumer that is responsible
for integrating the information into a meaningful conclusion
about the physiological actions of the ingredient. Working
out the net pharmacological effect of even a simple salad
with a few ingredients may be a time consuming and difficult
problem , even for an individual who has the requisite
nutritional, medical, and biochemical knowledge . And it
may not be possible still to get a complete picture of the
actual pharmacological effect. Moreover, the consumer may
further be discouraged to design a healthy food consumption
plan because the information does not take into account the
consumer 's own preferences for food . For example ,
although kale may be highly beneficial for the health of a
consumer , the individualmay not include it in his or her food
consumption plan because it is unpalatable to the individual.
10007 ] Rather than a system in which consumers have to
learn complex new knowledge, there is a need for a system
in which knowledge on nutrition , food , and culinary prac
tices is delivered to the consumer in an appealing, diverse ,
and customized way such that consumers can quickly make
decisions on dietary nutrition that are beneficial to them .
SUMMARY
[0008 ] A biochemical and nutritional application platform
combines nutritional, biochemical, physiological, botanical,
medical, culinary , and many other forms of knowledge with
an intelligent decision support capability to provide con
sumers with nutritional guidance in an efficient and useful
manner. The biochemical and nutritional application plat
form is designed to support an environment of applications
for food consumption design , dietary planning, nutraceutical
research , pharmaceutical research , nutritional counseling,
cosmeceutical development, academic learning, agricultural
research , and many other domains that can take advantage of
real-time guidance from deep biochemical and molecular
nutrition knowledge.
[0009 ] Specifically , the application platform includes a
core knowledge database that indicates relationships
between various nutrition -related topics, such as foods,
chemicals, pharmacological actions of chemicals, and bio
logical conditions of consumers to each other through a
plurality of knowledge databases. For example , the knowl
edge database may indicate which ingredients are present in
carrots , and the pharmacological actions that these ingredi
ents have on organs, such as the liver, of consumers . As
another example, the knowledge database may indicate
which nutritional ingredients are beneficial for alleviating a
particular set of diseases or symptoms. As yet another
example, the knowledge database may indicate which foods
are from similar geographic areas .
[0010] In one embodiment, the knowledge database is an
ontology database that includes a plurality of ontology data
US 2018 /0240359 A1
structures corresponding to a plurality of topics related to
nutrition . For example , the knowledge database may include
a food ontology , a nutrition ontology , a phytochemicals
ontology , a disease ontology, and the like. Each ontology
data structure includes a plurality of nodes assigned to the
corresponding topic. For example , the phytochemicals
ontology may include a plurality of nodes each indicating a
phytochemical that is found in plants . The knowledge data
base also includes a plurality of semantic links , in which
each semantic link represents a relationship between two
nodes . The semantic links may connect nodes from two
different ontology structures , and may indicate relationships
such as " alleviates," " causes," " aggravates ," or " prevents”
between the specific nodes . For example , the node corre
sponding to carrots in the food ontology would have a
" prevents ” semantic relationship with multiple carcinoma
nodes in the disease ontology .
[0011 ] In addition to the knowledge database , the appli
cation platform also includes one or more reasoning and
decision support components that perform services such as
navigation through the knowledge database , classification ,
reasoning, and machine-learning services that make use of
information contained in the knowledge database to provide
guidance on food design , dietary planning, and the like. For
example , the application platform may navigate through the
knowledge database to identify foods that have similar
pharmacological actions as carrots. Access to the knowledge
database and the services of the application platform may be
provided through external interfaces such as application
programming interfaces (API).
[0012] In one embodiment, the architecture of the appli
cation platform is centered around semantic middleware that
ties the knowledge database , reasoning and decision support
components, and external interfaces of the application plat
form together . The application platform supports and
deploys one or more applications that provide various types
of nutritional guidance with the support of the knowledge
database and the reasoning and decision support services of
the application platform . For example, the external inter
faces of the application platform may include an application
API that allows software applications to be designed around
and access the resources of the application platform through
local or remote access to the application platform .
[0013] In one instance , an application receives a query and
identifies information relevant to the query to provide nutri
tional guidance . For example , responsive to a query for
similar ingredients to carrots , the application platform may
perform inference based on the semantic links of theknowl
edge database , and provide foods that trigger similar phar
macological actions as carrots to the application . The appli
cation can provide the user with the identified foods such
that the user can substitute the identified foods in meals
instead of carrots .
00141 In another instance , an application aids in the
discovery process of new foods and ingredients that may
potentially have desired pharmacological actions. For
example , given a food ( e .g ., carrot ) with a desired pharma
cological action (e .g., cancer prevention ), the application
platform can map the food back to its specific plant species .
Given the plant species, the knowledge discovery service
can discover similar plants based on taxonomic classifica
tions, similar plant physiology, similar geospatial regions ,
similar growth habits, or similar biochemistry to identify
plants that could potentially have the desired pharmacologi-
Aug . 23, 2018
cal action . The application can provide the identified plants
to the user such that the identified plants can be used as
potential ingredients in foods.
[0015] In yet another instance , an application allows
design of foods at the molecular level with regards to
modulating particular cellular pathways for the prevention
or treatment of diseases , signs, symptoms, or injuries . The
application may also allow design of foods at the cellular
level for physiological enhancements such as enhanced
agility , improved stamina , enhanced cognition , improved
vision , or counter-aging. For example, military food design
ers may use the application to design foods that improve
physiological or psychological performance of soldiers in
the field . As another example , a food company may use the
application to design foods that are more nutritionally ben
eficial for consumers .
[0016 ] In yet another instance , an application provides
analysis of existing foods to determine their net impact at the
cellular level relative to diseases , signs, symptoms, injuries ,
as well as from the perspective of desired physiological
enhancements . For example , a government organization
may use the application to identify foods that contain unsafe
ingredients for food safety regulation purposes. As another
example, general consumers may use the application plat
form to avoid potential allergens, sensitivities, carcinogens,
or toxic substances in processed foods.
[0017 ] In yet another instance, an application provides a
consumption plan that adjusts the timing of nutrients to
avoid opposing actions between nutrients, or in other cases,
to reinforce specific actions between nutrients . The applica
tion platform may accomplish planning at the macroscopic
level by planning recipes and meals based on their ingredi
ents, constituent nutrients, nutrient concentrations, and
metabolism of consumers . The application platform can also
adjust timing of nutrient ingestions during the day to support
upregulation or downregulation of specific cellular activities
for a variety of objectives such as increasing physical
activity , improving sleep , or enhancing cognitive perfor
mance . As an example, the application provide a dietary plan
temporally adjusted to expose nutrients to a patient at times
that would maximize the benefits in the diet
[0018 ] In yet another instance , an application adjusts food
consumption plans to account for context -specific eating
behaviors . The context- specific eating behaviors can be
found through histories of consumer eating patterns and
consumer profile data . For example , during a recreational
activity such aswatching football , consumers with a specific
profile type and cultural background may be predisposed to
consume certain food types based on taste , texture , or other
factors . The application can recommend food designs that
are appealing in such context- specific environments , and yet
are also designed for the consumers ' unique nutritional
requirements based on their personal profiles .
[0019 ] The application platform can also provide services
to external information systems without the need for sepa
rate applications. For example, the external interfaces of the
application platform may include a business - to -business
(B2B ) gateway API that allows interoperability with an
external enterprise system . The external information system
is in this case a direct consumer of low -level services of the
application platform . For example, a wellness portal hosted
by a major insurance enterprise can gain access to the
knowledge database and directly incorporate the reasoning
and decision support services of the application platform
US 2018 /0240359 A1
without an intervening application layer . Instead , the
imported services would be wrapped for delivery through an
existing enterprise application or user portal.
[ 0020 ] The application platform can also federate with
large- scale external knowledge repositories and databases
where the resources are not static and are very large in
extent. Specifically, the external interfaces of the application
platform allow interoperability and information sharing
between the application platform and the external knowl-
edge repositories such that the application platform can gain
access to the knowledge repositories without the cost of
importing and maintaining such completed collections.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021 ] FIG . 1 is a high level block diagram of a system
environment for a nutritional application platform , accord
ing to an embodiment.
[0022 ] FIG . 2 is an example knowledge database used to
provide nutritional guidance by the nutritional application
platform , according to an embodiment.
[0023 ] FIG . 3 is an example architecture of the nutritional
application platform , according to one embodiment.
[0024 ] FIG . 4 is a block diagram of an architecture of a
nutritional application platform , according to an embodi
ment.
[0025 ] FIG . 5 is an example illustration of a knowledge
database, according to an embodiment.
[ 0026 ] FIG . 6A illustrates an example phytonutrients
ontology data structure , according to an embodiment. FIG .
6B illustrates an example foods ontology data structure ,
according to an embodiment. FIG . 6C illustrates an example
plants ontology data structure , according to an embodiment.
10027 ] FIG . 7A illustrates a plurality of example inter
semantic links between ontology data structures, according
to an embodiment. FIG . 7B illustrates a plurality of example
inter semantic links between ontology data structures ,
according to another embodiment. FIG . 7C illustrates a
plurality of example inter semantic links for a phytonutrients
ontology, according to another embodiment. FIG . 7D illus
trates a plurality of example inter semantic links for a foods
ontology , according to another embodiment.
[ 0028 ] FIG . 8 illustrates an example process for graph
based reasoning based on a sub - graph of nodes identified in
the knowledge database, according to an embodiment.
[0029 ] FIG . 9 illustrates an example process of recom
mending and re -planning a wellness plan for a consumer
based on a machine -learned behavioral model, according to
an embodiment.
[ 0030 ] FIG . 10A is an example graphical user interface for
presenting phytochemicals contained in carrots,according to
an embodiment. FIG . 10B is an example graphical user
interface for presenting a filtered set of phytochemicals
contained in carrots, according to an embodiment. FIG . 10C
is an example graphical user interface for presenting aggre
gate caloric ratios between carbohydrates, fats, and protein
for multiple diets , according to an embodiment.
[0031] FIGS. 11A -11K illustrate example user interfaces
of an application supported by the nutritional application
platform , according to another embodiment .
[0032] FIG . 12A illustrates an example architecture for a
concussion application , according to one embodiment. FIG .
12B illustrates a detailed view of the platform of the
concussion application , according to one embodiment. FIG .
12C illustrates details of user information received by the
Aug . 23, 2018
interface of the concussion application and operation of the
pre -concussion phase of the application , according to one
embodiment. FIG . 12D illustrates details of operation of the
concussion application during the pre - concussion phase and
operation of the concussion application during the post
concussion phase, according to an embodiment. FIG . 12E
illustrates details of the operation of the concussion appli
cation during the post -concussion phase , according to an
embodiment. FIG . 12F illustrates example API' s for clients
of the concussion application , according to an embodiment.
[0033] FIG . 13 illustrates a flowchart for providing nutri
tional guidance to a user, according to an embodiment.
[0034 ] The figures depict various embodiments of the
present invention for purposes of illustration only . One
skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following
discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures
and methods illustrated herein may be employed without
departing from the principles of the invention described
herein .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Overview
[0035 ] FIG . 1 is a high level block diagram of a system
environment for a nutritional application platform 110 ,
according to an embodiment. The system environment 100
shown by FIG . 1 includes one or more client devices 116A
and 116B , a network 120 , and a nutritional application
platform 110 . In alternative configurations, different and /or
additional components may be included in the system envi
ronment 100 .
[0036 ] Thenutritional application platform 110 is a system
that combines nutritional, biochemical, physiological,
botanical, medical, culinary , and many other forms of
knowledge with an intelligent decision support capability to
provide users of client devices 116 with nutritional guidance
in an efficient and usefulmanner. The nutritional application
platform 110 is designed to support an environment of
applications for food consumption design , dietary planning,
nutraceutical research , pharmaceutical research , nutritional
counseling , cosmeceutical development, academic learning ,
agricultural research , and many other domains that can take
advantage of real- time guidance from deep biochemical and
molecular nutrition knowledge.
[0037 ] Specifically , the application platform 110 includes
a core knowledge database that indicates relationships
between various nutrition - related topics, such as foods ,
chemicals, pharmacological actions of chemicals, and bio
logical conditions of consumers to each other through a
plurality of databases. For example , the knowledge database
may indicate which ingredients are present in carrots , and
the pharmacological actions that these ingredients have on
organs , such as the liver, of consumers . As another example,
the knowledge database may indicate which nutritional
ingredients are beneficial for alleviating a particular set of
diseases or symptoms. As yet another example , the knowl
edge database may indicate which foods are from similar
geographic areas.
[0038 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge database is an
ontology database that includes a plurality of ontology data
structures corresponding to a plurality of topics related to
nutrition. For example , the knowledge database may include
a food ontology , a nutrition ontology , a phytochemicals
ontology , a disease ontology , and the like. Each ontology
US 2018 /0240359 A1
data structure includes a plurality of nodes assigned to the
corresponding topic. For example , the phytochemicals
ontology may include a plurality of nodes each indicating a
phytochemical that is found in plants. The knowledge data
base also includes a plurality of semantic links, in which
each semantic link represents a relationship between two
nodes . The semantic links may connect nodes from two
different ontology structures, and may indicate relationships
such as " alleviates," " causes," " aggravates," or " prevents"
between the specific nodes. For example , the node corre
sponding to carrots in the food ontology would have a
" prevents” semantic relationship with multiple carcinoma
nodes in the disease ontology.
[0039] In addition to the knowledge database , the nutri
tional application platform 110 also includes one or more
reasoning and decision support components that perform
services such as navigation through the knowledge database ,
classification , reasoning, and machine - learning services .
The reasoning and decision support components make use of
information contained in the knowledge database to provide
guidance on food design , dietary planning, and the like to
users of client devices 116 . For example , the nutritional
application platform 110 may navigate through the knowl
edge database to identify foods that have similar pharma
cological actions as carrots . Access to the knowledge data
base and the services of the application platform may be
provided through external interfaces such as application
programming interfaces (API).
10040 ] FIG . 2 is an example knowledge database used to
provide nutritional guidance by the nutritional application
platform 110 , according to an embodiment. The knowledge
database includes , for example , a food ontology 210 , a
disease ontology 212 , and a phytochemical ontology 214 .
The food ontology 210 includes nodes such as “ chicken ,”
" pork ," " beef," " carrots," " lettuce," and " cabbage ,” along
with other types of foods. The disease ontology 212 includes
nodes such as " breast cancer," " pancreatic cancer," " carci
noma," " type 1 diabetes," " type 2 diabetes,” and “ multiple
sclerosis," along with other types of diseases . The phyto
chemical ontology 214 includes nodes such as “ ursolic
acid ,” “ ellagic acid ,” “ naringin ," " limonene,” and “ theobro
mine,” along with other types of phytochemicals .
[0041] The knowledge database also includes a plurality
of semantic links that indicate the relationships between
nodes of the ontology data structures . As shown in FIG . 2 ,
the knowledge database includes a semantic link 220
between carrot ofthe food ontology 210 and falcarinol of the
phytochemical ontology 214 . The semantic link 220 indi
cates that carrot contains the phytochemical falcarinol. The
knowledge database includes a semantic link 222 between
carrot and carcinoma of the disease ontology 212 . The
semantic link 222 indicates that carrot induces a pharmaco
logical action that prevents carcinoma. The knowledge data
base includes a semantic link 224 between falcarinol and
carcinoma. The semantic link 224 indicates that falcarinol
induces a pharmacological action that prevents carcinoma.
[ 0042] Responsive to a request from a user of a client
device 116 to provide information on which diseases carrots
are beneficial for, the nutritional application platform 110
may navigate through nodes of the ontology data structures
to return carcinoma as a response . And the platform 110 may
further indicate in the response that carrots contain the
phytochemical falcarinol, and that falcarinol induces phar
macological actions that prevent carcinoma.
Aug . 23, 2018
[0043 ] By organizing the knowledge database into a plu
rality of ontologies and a plurality of semantic links inter
connecting the nodes of the ontologies, the nutritional appli
cation platform 110 can navigate through a vast quantity of
information in a significantly shorter amount of time than
that required to navigate through existing unorganized and
separate database structures that must then be combined and
interpreted by the user to be useful.
[0044 ] Returning to FIG . 1, in one embodiment, the archi
tecture of the nutritional application platform 110 is centered
around semantic middleware that ties the knowledge data
base , reasoning and decision support components, and exter
nal interfaces of the nutritional application platform 110
together. The semantic middleware coordinates requests
received through the external interfaces of the nutritional
application platform 110 to the appropriate reasoning and
decision support components of the application platform
110 . The semantic middleware receives responses to the
requests and provides them to the external interfaces such
that the response can be provided to users of client devices
116 .
[0045 ] FIG . 3 is an example architecture of the nutritional
application platform 110 , according to one embodiment. The
nutritional application platform 110 shown in FIG . 3
includes the knowledge database and various components
that provide reasoning and decision support services . In the
embodiment shown in FIG . 3, the services include mining
services, navigation services, classification services , reason
ing services , and machine learning services . The nutritional
application platform 110 also includes semantic middleware
330 that sits on top of the knowledge database and the
reasoning and decision support components . The nutritional
application platform 110 communicates with external ser
vices and applications such as business -to - business (B2B )
applications, web applications, and mobile applications
through external interfaces . In the embodiment shown in
FIG . 3 , the external interfaces include federated interfaces
340 , B2B API's 342 , and application API's 344 .
[0046 ] By tying the internal services, the knowledge data
base, external interfaces, and other components of the nutri
tional application platform 110 , the semantic middleware
330 allows, for example , different services and databases of
the application platform 110 to communicate with each other
despite differences in input/output data and protocols . The
semantic middleware 330 can also help to streamline
requests received from various sources , such as from appli
cations built on top of the nutritional application platform
110 or from external API's by coordinating and orchestrat
ing theknowledge database and internal services together to
respond to the requests in an efficient manner. This can
especially be helpful when the number of requests get
significantly large. In addition , the semantic middleware 330
also allows external third -parties to easily build applications
utilizing the middleware architecture that allows for easy
retrieval of nutritional and biochemical information instead
of having the third -parties coordinate the individual services
of the nutritional application platform 110 themselves .
[0047 ] Specifically , the nutritional application platform
110 supports and deploys one or more applications that
provide various types of nutritional guidance with the sup
port of the knowledge database and the reasoning and
decision support components of the application platform
110 . For example , software applications, such as web appli
cations and mobile applications, can be designed around the
US 2018 /0240359 A1
application API 344 that allows the applications to access
the resources of the nutritional application platform 110
through local or remote access to the nutritional application
platform 110 .
[0048] In one instance , the nutritional application platform
110 supports an application that receives a query and iden
tifies information relevant to the query to provide nutritional
guidance . For example , responsive to a query for similar
ingredients to carrots , the nutritional application platform
110 may navigate through an ontology database to identify
foods that trigger similar pharmacological actions as carrots ,
similarly to the example shown in FIG . 2 . The application
can provide the user with the identified foods such that the
user can substitute the identified foods in meals instead of
carrots .
[ 0049 ] In another instance , the nutritional application plat
form 110 supports an application that aids the discovery of
new foods and ingredients that may potentially have desired
pharmacological actions. For example , given a food (e .g.,
carrot) with a desired pharmacological action (e .g ., cancer
prevention ), the nutritional application platform 110 can
map the food back to its specific plant species. Given the
plant species , the application platform 110 can discover
similar plants based on taxonomic classifications , similar
plant physiology, similar geospatial regions, similar growth
habits, or similar biochemistry to identify plants that could
potentially have the desired pharmacological action . The
application can provide the identified plants to the user such
that the identified plants can be used as potential ingredients
in foods.
[0050 ] In yet another instance , the nutritional application
platform 110 supports an application that allows design of
foods at the molecular level with regards to modulating
particular cellular pathways for the prevention or treatment
of diseases, signs, symptoms, or injuries. The application
may also allow design of foods at the cellular level for
physiological enhancements such as enhanced agility ,
improved stamina , enhanced cognition , improved vision , or
counter-aging. For example , military food designers may
use the application to design foods that improve physiologi
cal or psychological performance of soldiers in the field . As
another example , a food company may use the application to
design foods that are more nutritionally beneficial for con
sumers .
[0051 ] In yet another instance, the nutritional application
platform 110 supports an application that provides analysis
of existing foods to determine their net impact at the cellular
level relative to diseases, signs, symptoms, injuries, as well
as from the perspective of desired physiological enhance
ments. For example, a government organization may use the
application to identify foods that contain unsafe ingredients
for food safety regulation purposes . As another example,
general consumers may use the application to avoid poten
tial allergens, carcinogens, or toxic substances in processed
foods.
[ 0052 ] In yet another instance , the nutritional application
platform 110 supports an application that provides a con
sumption plan that adjusts the timing of nutrients to avoid
opposing actions between nutrients , or in other cases, to
reinforce specific actions between nutrients . The nutritional
application platform 110 may accomplish planning at the
macroscopic level by planning recipes and meals based on
their ingredients , constituent nutrients , nutrient concentra
tions , and metabolism of consumers. The application plat-
Aug . 23, 2018
form 110 can also adjust timing of nutrient ingestions during
the day to support upregulation or downregulation of spe
cific cellular activities for a variety of objectives such as
increasing physical activity , improving sleep , or enhancing
cognitive performance . As an example , the application may
provide a patient with a dietary plan temporally adjusted to
expose nutrients at times that would maximize the benefits .
[0053] In yet another instance , the nutritional application
platform 110 supports an application that adjusts food con
sumption plans to account for context-specific eating behav
iors. The context - specific eating behaviors can be found
through histories of consumer eating patterns and consumer
profile data . For example , during a recreational activity such
as watching football , consumers with a specific profile type
and cultural background may be predisposed to consume
certain food types based on taste , texture , or other factors .
The application can recommend food designs that are
appealing in such context -specific environments, and yet are
also designed for the consumers ' unique nutritional require
ments based on their personal profiles . Machine - learning of
eating behavior can also be used to determine the emotional
state of users and provide recommendations for food that
satisfies emotional eating with healthier choices or that may
intentionally alter emotional state .
[0054] The nutritional application platform 110 can also
provide services to external information systemswithout the
need for separate applications . For example , the services can
be designed around the B2B API 342 that allows interop
erability with an external enterprise system . The external
information system is in this case a direct consumer of
low -level services of the nutritional application platform
110 . For example , a wellness portal hosted by a major
insurance enterprise can gain access to the knowledge
database and directly incorporate the reasoning and decision
support services of the application platform 110 without an
intervening application layer. Instead , the imported services
would be wrapped for delivery through an existing enter
prise application or user portal.
[0055 ] The nutritional application platform 110 can also
federate with large- scale external knowledge repositories
and databases where the resources are not static and are very
large in extent. Specifically, the external interfaces of the
nutritional application platform 110 allow interoperability
and information sharing between the application platform
110 and the external knowledge repositories such that the
nutritional application platform 110 can gain access to the
knowledge repositories without the cost of importing and
maintaining such completed collections.
[0056 ] Returning to FIG . 1 , the client device 116 is a
computing device capable of receiving user input as well as
communicating via the network 120 . While two client
devices 116A , 116B are illustrated in FIG . 1 , in practice
many client devices 116 may communicate with the systems
in environment 100 . In one embodiment, a client device 116
is a conventional computer system , such as a desktop or
laptop computer. Alternatively , a client device 116 may be a
device having computer functionality , such as a personal
digital assistant ( PDA ), a mobile telephone , a smartphone,
or another suitable device . A client device 116 is configured
to communicate via the network 120 .
[0057 ] Users of the online system 110 can interact with the
nutritional application platform 110 through client devices
116 . In one embodiment, a client device 116 executes
applications allowing the user to interact with the nutritional
US 2018 /0240359 A1
application platform 110 . For example , a client device 116
executes a browser application to enable interaction between
the client device 116 and the nutritional application platform
110 . In another embodiment, a client device 116 interacts
with the nutritional application platform 110 through an
application programming interface (API) running on a
native operating system of the client device 116 , such as
IOS® or ANDROIDTM or cloud -based voice services such
as Alexa or Bixby . Specifically , a user of a client device 116
may view or interact with the applications of the nutritional
application platform 110 to request nutritional guidance for
a food consumption plan of the user.
[ 0058 ] For example , the users of client devices 116 may be
physicians advising patients on risk reduction through nutri
tional alternatives to conventional medicine. As another
example , the users may be nurses and nurse practitioners
counseling outpatients on nutrition . As yet another example ,
the users may be nutritionists providing dietary counseling
to patients , consumers, schools , or food services. As a
further example , the users may be consumers seeking to
meet essential nutrient requirements , prevent or treat disor
ders, signs or symptoms, or alternatively , achieve particular
physiological enhancements . As an additional example , the
users may be consumers seeking to avoid allergens, carcino
gens, or toxic substances disguised in product packaging by
misleading semantics. As yet another example , users may be
chefs designing new recipes for restaurants, catering ser
vices , or institutional food services . In a further example ,
users may be insurance executives trying to lower pharma
ceutical costs or improve patient outcomes through alterna
tive nutritional treatments. In another example , usersmay be
processed food companies seeking to design more nutrition
ally optimized foods. In yet another example , users may be
grocery executives looking to provide consumers with store
based or in home online or cloud -based voice tools for
optimizing nutrition . Furthermore , users may be profes
sional and non -professional athletes interested in physi
ological performance enhancements, injury alleviation , or
injury prevention . Additionally , users may be military food
designers seeking to improve physiological and /or psycho
logical performance of soldiers in the field .
10059 ] In one embodiment, the network 120 uses standard
communications technologies and/ or protocols . For
example , the network 120 includes communication links
using technologies such as Ethernet, 802. 11, worldwide
interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX ), 3G , 4G ,
code division multiple access (CDMA ), digital subscriber
line (DSL ), etc . Examples of networking protocols used for
communicating via the network 120 include multiprotocol
label switching (MPLS ) , transmission control protocol/ In
ternet protocol ( TCP / IP ), hypertext transport protocol
(HTTP ), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP ), and file
transfer protocol (FTP ) . Data exchanged over the network
120 may be represented using any suitable format, such as
hypertext markup language (HTML ) or extensible markup
language (XML ). In some embodiments , all or some of the
communication links of the network 120 may be encrypted
using any suitable technique or techniques.
Nutritional Application Platform
[0060] FIG . 4 is a block diagram of an architecture of a
nutritional application platform 110 , according to an
embodiment. The nutritional application platform 110
shown by FIG . 4 includes a knowledge management module
Aug . 23, 2018
412 , a navigation module 416 , a knowledge discovery
module 420 , a behavioral planning module 424 , and an
application services module 428 . The nutritional application
platform 110 also includes a data store for a knowledge
database 440 and a data store for applications 444
[0061] The knowledge managementmodule 412 manages
a knowledge database 440 that contains a plurality of
ontology data structures related to nutritional information .
Specifically, the plurality of ontology data structures corre
spond to a plurality of topics . The topics may include , for
example , foods, microbiota , plants , animals , fungi, nutrients ,
phytonutrients , human physiology , culinary , and pharmaco
logical actions, among other things. Relationships between
nodes are represented as a plurality of semantic links .
Specifically, the semantic links include intra semantic links
that are connections between nodes within the same ontol
ogy data structure , and inter semantic links that are connec
tions between nodes of different ontology data structures.
10062 ] FIG . 5 is an example illustration of a knowledge
database 440 , according to an embodiment. The example
knowledge database 440 shown in FIG . 5 includes ten
ontology data structures including a food ontology 510A , a
microbiota ontology 510B , a plants ontology 510C , an
animals ontology 510D , a fungi ontology 510E , a nutrients
ontology 510F , a phytonutrients ontology 510G , a human
physiology ontology 510H , a culinary ontology 5101, and a
pharmacological actions ontology 510J. As shown in FIG . 5 ,
the food ontology 510A has a plurality of inter semantic
links 520A to the microbiota ontology 510B , a plurality of
inter semantic links 522A to the phytonutrients ontology
510G , and a plurality of inter semantic links 524A to the
nutrients ontology 510F, in addition to a plurality of intra
semantic links within its data structure. As another example ,
the plants ontology 510 has a plurality of semantic links
520C to the animals ontology 510D , a plurality of semantic
links 522C to the culinary ontology 5101, and a plurality of
semantic links 524C to the human physiology ontology
510H , in addition to a plurality of intra semantic links within
its data structure .
100631 Returning to FIG . 4 , in one embodiment, the plu
rality of nodes of an individual ontology data structure are
organized into a hierarchical structure , in which one or more
child nodes are organized under a corresponding parent
node. The concepts represented by child nodes may be
variations of the concept represented by the corresponding
parent node. The relationship between a parent node and its
child nodes may be represented as an intra semantic link
" type -of' going from the child node to the parent node . In
one instance , the hierarchical structure of the knowledge
database may be based on scientific taxonomic structures .
For example, a node corresponding to “ saturated fatty acids”
in the phytochemicals ontology data structure may be con
nected to “ capric acid ,” which is one species of a saturated
fatty acid through the “ type -or ” intra semantic link .
[0064] In addition , a node of the ontology data structure
may be associated with a fact instance that is an instance of
the concept represented by the node that contains one or
more attributes describing various types of physical charac
teristics of the concept. The relationship between a node and
its fact instance may be represented as an intra semantic link
" instance - of” going from the fact instance to the node . For
example , the node corresponding to capric acid in the
phytochemicals ontology data structure may be connected to
its fact instance that contains attributes such as the scientific
US 2018 /0240359 A1
name, the common name, molarmass, melting point, boiling
point, and the like of capric acid .
[0065] FIG . 6A illustrates an example phytonutrients
ontology data structure , according to an embodiment. As
shown in FIG . 6A , the phytonutrients ontology data struc
ture includes a plurality of nodes organized in a hierarchical
manner. Among others , the plurality of nodes includes a
parent node 650 corresponding to saturated fatty acids and
a child node 652 corresponding to capric acid that is
connected to the node 650 through an intra semantic link 654
" type -of." The node 652 is associated with a fact instance
658 containing various physical properties of capric acid
that is connected to the node 652 through an intra semantic
link 656 “ instance -of.” Specifically , the fact instance 658
contains scientific name, common name,molecular formula ,
molar mass , and the melting point of capric acid .
[ 0066 ] FIG . 6B illustrates an example foods ontology data
structure , according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG .
6B , the foods ontology data structure includes a plurality of
hierarchical nodes including a parent node 660 correspond
ing to “ grains " and a child node 662 corresponding to
" wheat” that is connected to the node 660 through an intra
semantic link 664 " type-of.” The node 662 is associated with
a fact instance 668 containing various physical properties of
wheat that is connected to the node 662 through an intra
semantic link 666 “ instance- of.” Specifically , the fact
instance 668 contains the USDA food group , scientific
name, common name, manufacturers, and percentage of
inedible refuse of wheat. In addition to those shown in FIG .
6B , the fact instances for nodes in the food ontology data
structure may contain description of the food, factor for
converting nitrogen to protein , factor for calculating calories
from protein , factor for calculating calories from fat, factor
for calculating calories from carbohydrate , taxonomic level
such as species or subspecies , taxonomic name, entity part
such as plant part of the food .
[0067] FIG . 6C illustrates an example plants ontology data
structure , according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG .
6C , the plants ontology data structure includes a plurality of
hierarchical nodes including a parent node 670 correspond
ing to " flowers” and a child node 672 corresponding to
" tulips” that is connected to the node 670 through an intra
semantic link 674 " type -of." The node 672 is associated with
a fact instance 678 containing various physical properties of
tulips that is connected to the node 672 through an intra
semantic link 676 “ instance -of.” Specifically, the fact
instance 678 contains the scientific name, the common
name, infrakingdom , superdivision , and native region of
tulips. In addition to those shown in FIG . 6C , the fact
instances for nodes in the plants ontology data structure may
contain how long from planting to harvest, typical produc
tion yields, USDA growth habit of the plant.
[0068] Returning to FIG . 4 , the relationships between
nodes of different ontology data structures may be repre
sented by inter semantic links. The inter semantic links
represent causal, inclusive or other semantic relationships
between the nodes. In one instance , an inter semantic link
" alleviates ” from a source node to a destination node indi
cates that the source node alleviates a condition specified in
the destination node. For example , a node corresponding to
carrots in the foods ontology may be connected to carcinoma
in the diseases ontology through an inter semantic link
" alleviates.” In another instance , an inter semantic link
" causes” indicates that the source node causes a phenom
Aug . 23, 2018
enon specified in the destination node. In yet another
instance , an inter semantic link “ aggravates ” indicates that
the source node aggravates a condition specified in the
destination node . In yet another instance , an inter semantic
link " prevents ” indicates that the source node prevents a
condition or action specified in the destination node . In yet
another instance, an inter semantic link " contains ” indicates
that the source node contains a chemical or ingredient in the
destination node . In yet another instance , an inter semantic
link “ found - in ” indicates that the ingredient or chemical in
the source node is found in the substance of the destination
node. In yet another instance , an inter semantic link “ related
to ” indicates that the nodes connected by the semantic link
are related to each other.
[0069] FIG . 7A illustrates a plurality of example inter
semantic links between ontology data structures , according
to an embodiment. Specifically , FIG . 7A shows a foods
ontology , a nutrients ontology, a pharmacological actions
ontology , a diseases ontology , and a human physiology
ontology of the knowledge database 440 . A node 750
corresponding to “ tomatoes ” and a node 752 corresponding
to “ beets” in the food ontology are each connected to a node
754 corresponding to “ flavonoids” in the nutrients ontology .
Each of the semantic links 720, 722 indicates that tomatoes
and beets both contain flavonoids. The node 754 correspond
ing to flavonoids in the nutrients ontology is connected to a
node 756 corresponding to " heap -protective " in the phar
macological actions ontology . The semantic link 724 indi
cates that flavonoids induce heap -protective pharmacologi
cal actions . The node 756 corresponding to heap -protective
in the pharmacological actions ontology is connected to a
node 758 corresponding to " fatty liver disease ” in the
diseases ontology . The semantic link 726 indicates that
heap -protective pharmacological actions alleviate fatty liver
disease . The node 758 corresponding to fatty liver disease in
the disease ontology is connected to a node 760 correspond
ing to " liver ” in the human physiology ontology . The
semantic link 728 indicates that fatty liver disease is related
to the organ liver .
10070 ] FIG . 7B illustrates a plurality of example inter
semantic links between ontology data structures , according
to another embodiment. Specifically, FIG . 7B shows a
pharmacological actions ontology , a symptoms ontology , a
human physiology ontology, and a diseases ontology of the
knowledge database 440. A node 762 corresponding to
“ anti- fatigue ” in the pharmacological actions ontology is
connected to a node 764 corresponding to " fatigue” in the
symptoms ontology . The semantic link 730 indicates that
anti- fatigue pharmacological actions alleviates fatigue
symptoms. The node 764 corresponding to fatigue in the
symptoms ontology is connected to a node 766 correspond
ing to “ liver ” in the human physiology ontology. The
semantic link 732 indicates that fatigue is related to the
human organ liver. A node 768 corresponding to “ anti
rheumatics" in the pharmacological actions ontology is
connected to a node 770 corresponding to " rheumatoid
arthritis” in the diseases ontology . The semantic link 734
indicates that anti-rheumatics pharmacological actions alle
viate rheumatoid arthritis .
[0071 ] FIG . 7C illustrates a plurality of example inter
semantic links for a phytonutrients ontology , according to
another embodiment. In general, inter semantic links
between nodes may vary depending on the topics of the
ontologies associated with the nodes. As shown in FIG . 7C ,
US 2018 /0240359 A1
nodes of a phytonutrients ontology data structure may be
connected to nodes of other ontology data structures through
different types of inter semantic links. For example , nodes of
the phytonutrients ontology can be connected to nodes of the
physiological systems ontology , nodes of the diseases ontol
ogy, nodes of the symptoms ontology , nodes of the injuries
ontology, nodes of the enhancements ontology through
semantic links “ related -to .” As another example, nodes of
the phytonutrients ontology can be connected to nodes of the
foods ontology and nodes of the plants ontology through
semantic links “ found - in .” Asyet another example , nodes of
the phytonutrients ontology can be connected to nodes of the
drug interactions ontology and nodes of the pharmacological
actions ontology through semantic links “ causes ."
[ 0072 ] FIG . 7D illustrates a plurality of example inter
semantic links for a foods ontology, according to another
embodiment. As shown in FIG . 7D , nodes of a foods
ontology data structure may be connected to nodes of other
ontology data structures through different types of inter
semantic links. For example, nodes of the foods ontology
can be connected to nodes of the allergies ontology , nodes of
the diseases ontology , and nodes of the symptoms ontology
through semantic links “ related - to . ” As another example ,
nodes of the foods ontology can be connected to nodes of the
nutrients ontology and nodes of the phytonutrients ontology
through semantic links " contains.” As yet another example ,
nodes of the foods ontology can be connected to nodes of the
cuisines ontology through semantic links “ found - in .” As yet
another example , nodes of the foods ontology can be con
nected to nodes of the pharmacological actions ontology and
the drug interactions ontology through semantic links
" causes .” As yet another example, nodes of the foods
ontology can be connected to fact instances through seman
tic links " has .”
[0073] By structuring the knowledge database 440 as a
plurality of hierarchical data ontologies and a plurality of
semantic links, relevant information can be retrieved in a
more computationally efficient manner than other existing
formsof database structures, especially when the amount of
information contained in the database 440 is vastly large .
For example , the time required to navigate such an ontology
database through semantic links to retrieve nutritional infor
mation can be significantly faster than time required to
navigate through existing unorganized , separate database
structures to retrieve the same type of information that must
then be combined and interpreted /understood by the user to
be useful. The applications of the nutritional application
platform 110 can quickly provide health , nutrition , and
wellness related information to consumers in environments
where speed is crucial, such as in a hospital setting. It allows
for navigation of vast quantities of complex information and
relationships in seconds or minutes as opposed to the days
or weeks that may be required to get the same result from
various disparate collections of information . The database of
the nutritional application platform 110 can also be imme
diately updated in an organized fashion with new nodes and
semantic links as new nutritional data or discoveries become
available , so that the user always receives the most current
information .
[0074 ] Returning to FIG . 4 , the knowledge management
module 412 may also import ontology data structures from
external sources. These may include imported data from
hierarchical systems of medical terminology such as ICD - 10
and HL - 7 that are widely used throughoutmedical practices
Aug . 23, 2018
and insurance enterprises . Other examples include drugs
(NDC ), diseases injuries , and symptoms (ICD - 10 ), medical
subject headings (MeSH ), providers (NUCC /NPPS NPI),
toxicity / teratogenicity (CCRIS /GENE - TOX ), medications
(RxNorm ), medical terminologies (HL - 7 Code Sets ,
LOINC , CPT ), botany /biology (ITIS ), and human physiol
ogy ( FME). Imported ontologies can provide standard
semantics for many different topics , such as diseases, signs,
symptoms, injuries, physiological/ psychological enhance
ments, pharmacological actions, toxicity , genetics , drugs ,
contraindications, side effects , teratogens, active substances ,
medical specialties , medical procedures , provider types,
human physiology, nutrients , and chemicals .
[0075 ] These imported semantics may form a semantic
bridge between the nutritional application platform 110 and
external enterprise information systems where seamless
B2B integration is desired . They can also be used to facili
tate a wide range of user interaction through applications
developed for the nutritional application platform 110 . For
example , a consumer planning a recipe to alleviate a specific
condition could describe the condition by using the Com
mon Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for the provider
services listed in the Explanation of Benefits (EOB ) form
that their insurer provides. The knowledge management
module 412 can , for example , in many cases associate a
specific medical procedure with the underlying condition it
is used to treat and from there identify beneficial biochemi
cal nutrients and the foods containing those nutrients . Those
foods, in the context of cuisine and relevant culinary prac
tices, provide beneficial options for recipe design that are
targeted specifically at a disease, sign , symptom , injury, or
physiological/psychological enhancement.
[0076 ]. In still other cases external knowledge collections
are either too large or change too frequently to allow for
economically viable import and maintenance within the
context of the knowledge database 440 . In these cases , the
knowledgemanagementmodule 412 may use external inter
faces to federate with these external repositories to resolve
semantic references . In this context, the external repositories
are semantically " wrapped ” to make it appear as though it
were an internal resource . Typical examples of these reposi
tories are chemical reference systems such as anatomical
therapeutic chemical ( ATC ) codes, CAS, ChEBI, ChEMBL ,
ChemSpider, DrugBank , EINECS, InChI, IUPAC , KEGG ,
PubChem , SMILES , UNH , and similar systems that are
hundreds of gigabytes or more in extent and constantly
change as new chemicals are discovered .Many other topics
are covered by these repositories including biological, bio
chemical, botanical, microbial, agricultural, medical, phar
maceutical, commercial foods, genetic, and metabolic path
ways .
[0077 ] The knowledge management module 412 may
store other types of information other than those stored as
ontology data structures. In one instance , the knowledge
database 440 stores scaling factors in association with
semantic links, such as " contains ," that indicate how much
of the substance of the destination node is included in the
substance of the source node . Specifically, the scaling factor
may be represented as the relative proportion with respect to
mass , volume, and /or molar quantities. For example , the
knowledge managementmodule 412 may identify a seman
tic link “ contains” from a node corresponding to broccoli in
the foods ontology to a node corresponding to threonine in
the phytochemicals ontology. In association with the seman
US 2018 /0240359 A1
tic link , the knowledge management module 412 may store
a scaling factor of 0 . 00088 (mass) indicating that threonine
makes up 0.088 % of phytochemicals in broccoli.
[0078 ] In one instance , the knowledge management mod
ule 412 stores geospatial references for ontology data struc
tures that contain food species in the knowledge database
440. Plants, for example , are native to specific regions and
invasive in others . Native regions are clues to other similar
species thatmay have evolved under similar conditions and
potentially have similar nutrients and pharmacological con
ditions . Other ontologies can have geospatial relationships
as well. Gut microbiota populations will vary by region and
have relationships to geospatially situated food resources .
100791. In one instance , the knowledge management mod
ule 412 stores various types of information on genetics that
can be mapped to corresponding one or more nodes in the
plurality of ontology data structures in the knowledge data
base 440. Genetic information includes plant genetics.
Plants have genomes which determine which phytochemi
cals they contain and hence their pharmacological actions .
Collections of related plants can be compared from physical
and biochemical perspectives to help identify specific genes
responsible for beneficial pharmacological properties . Such
analysis can also be used to support selective breeding or
genetic modifications to create new plants .
[0080 ] Genetic information can also include nutritional
genomics. Nutrigenomics is the science of relationships
between the human genome, nutrition and health . For
example , given a single -nucleotide polymorphism in a
genome that results in the onset of disease , nutrients in foods
can be used to bypass the SNP. For example , if a patienthas
a defect in their MTTR (Methionine Synthase Reductase )
gene which regenerates methyl B12 (methylcobalamin )
which is needed to detoxify homocysteine and turn it into
methionine, the end result is a B - 12 deficiency . This can be
bypassed by weaving animal foods into the diet such as
eggs, dairy, meats , and fish . Databases of nutrigenomics data
can be used to supplement nutritional decision support
where individual genome data is available in personal pro
files .
[0081] Genetic information can also include microbiome
genetics. Sequencing of a microbe 's 16SrRNA gene pro
vides a unique fingerprint for identifying the microbe spe
cies, particularly for microbes that cannot be cultured in the
lab . This allows for the compilation of databases ofmicrobe
species such as the National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA ), the
Data Analysis and Coordination Center (DACC ) under the
Human Microbiome Project (HMP), and the UniProt Meta
genomic and Environmental Sequences (UniMES) database
that can be accessed by the nutritional application platform
110 and correlated with research reports , peer review papers,
diseases, metabolites, signs, symptoms and foods thatmodu
late the populations of specific species . Relevant microbi
ome species may include , for example , those found in the
human gut, skin , or oral cavity, in the soil we use to grow
foods, in fermentation processes , and many other environ
ments.
10082 ] In one instance , the knowledge managementmod
ule 412 stores information on biochemical pathways in the
knowledge database 440 . Foods, nutrients, and other com
ponents of the ontologies can bemapped to knowledge at the
cellular level to pathways that are disease , hormone metabo -
lism , carbohydrate metabolism , lipid metabolism , amino
Aug . 23, 2018
acid metabolism , microbiota metabolism , vitamin metabo
lism , detoxification , and cellular respiration -specific.
[0083 ] The biochemical pathway information may include
biological pathway maps. Biological pathway maps contain
knowledge about molecular interaction and reaction net
works . Different pathways have causal relationships with
foods that are consumed . The biological pathway maps store
causal relationships between specific pathways and the
nutrients found in foods . The causal relationships can be
represented as semantic links between pathway maps, foods ,
diseases, physiology , research , and other knowledge entities.
For example , the Wnt/beta - catenin signaling pathway, and in
particular the over- expression of the beta - catenin protein ,
can be semantically linked in the knowledge database 440 to
the occurrence of a number of cancers including colorectal
cancer. Certain foods, such as Curcumin , inhibit this path
way and thus , could be useful for cancer prevention or
treatment. As another example , in human skin , melanin
protects the skin from damage due to ultraviolet (UV )
exposure . UV exposure results in aging symptoms and the
onset of skin cancer. Once UV damage has occurred due to
sunlight exposure , the cellular damage response activation
induces melanin production by melanocytes that results in
enhanced pigmentation of the skin . This physiologic path
way is a protective response by the skin to prevent further
UV damage . The effectiveness of this defensive function is
dependent upon the proper functioning of the cutaneous
melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R ) signaling pathway. For
skolin , a compound derived diterpenoid extracted from the
roots of the Asian Plectranthus barbatus (Coleus forskolii )
plant, can be used to protect against UV exposure . Topical
application of this skin -permeable compound effectively
increases the production of eumelanin , the form of melanin
produced by melanocytes that most effectively protects
against UV exposure , by upregulating MCIR expression .
This information can be used to design new recipes, plan
meal schedules , suggest alternatives to expensive pharma
ceuticals, suggest changes in growing practices, identify
food safety issues, verify research claims, and many other
types of services.
[0084 ] The biochemical pathway information may also
include carbohydrate metabolism pathways. The carbohy
drate metabolism pathways can be used to identify foods
thatmodulate carbohydrate metabolism at the cellular level.
Recent research has shown, for example , that bitter phyto
chemical taste type 2 receptors related to bitter tasting plant
phenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, terpenes, and glucosino
lates are expressed not just in the oral cavity but throughout
the human gut. This research suggests that the human
gastrointestinal system recognizes these phytochemicals in
foods as signals to regulate glucose metabolism in antici
pation of an incoming plant derived carbohydrate load . Such
knowledge can be used in the design of new recipes, for
example , to compensate for biochemical signals that have
been bred out of plants for commercial reasons and thus
provide new nutritional treatment alternatives for problem
atic carbohydrate related diseases such as diabetes.
[0085 ] The biochemical pathway information may also
include lipid metabolism maps. The lipid metabolism maps
can similarly be used to identify specific biochemical path
ways that can be modulated with phytonutrients. Curcumin ,
the primary polyphenol found in Turmeric, has been shown
to modulate lipid and energy metabolism by increasing
AMPK (5 ' AMP - activates protein kinase ) and ACC (acetyl
US 2018 /0240359 A1
CoA carboxylase ) activities by increasing their phosphory
lation. This modulation suppresses acetyl CoA conversion to
Malonyl CoA , which increases CPT- 1 ( carnitine palmitoyl
transferase - 1) expression and thereby increases fatty acid
oxidation and subsequent energy release . Thus , there are
causal semantic links between Turmeric , its nutrient Cur
cumin , and an increase in Fatty Acid Oxidation . Such
knowledge can be used to support optimization of foods for
the treatment of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis
and familial hypercholesterolemia .
[0086 ] The biochemical pathway information can also
include amino acid metabolism pathways. The amino acid
metabolism pathways can also be causally linked to nutrient
entities in the knowledge database 440. For example , recent
in -vivo research studies have indicated that phytochemicals
such as phenolic acids (e . g . Chlorogenic acid ) found in
coffee , apples, pears, tomatoes, and blueberries increase
serum levels of amino acids such as glycine . Such causal
semantic links support reasoning about the relationships
between foods and amino acid levels that can be used to
compensate for various amino acid related disorders. Phe
nylketonuria , for example , is a disorder that occurs in infants
that lack the enzyme necessary to convert the amino acid
phenylalanine to tyrosine . Phenylalanine , which is toxic to
the brain ,builds up in the blood causing multiple debilitating
symptoms including intellectual disability, seizures, nausea ,
vomiting, and an eczema- like rash . The therapy for this
disorder is a strict phenylalanine -restricted diet allows for
normal growth and development. Such information can be
used to orchestrate the planning of such diets.
[0087 ] The biochemical pathway information can also
include mitochondrial molecular pathways . Many of the
biochemical processes involved in cellular respiration occur
in mitochondrial molecular pathways that are connected to
health , disease , and aging. A wide range of important
disorders including dementia , Alzheimer 's disease , epilepsy ,
cancer, Parkinson ' s disease , ataxia , transient ischemic
attack , cardiomyopathy , coronary artery disease , chronic
fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia , diabetes, and primary bil
iary cirrhosis are related in some way to mitochondrial
dysfunction . Phytochemicals found in foods, for example ,
can modulate the activation of mitochondrial damage /cy
tochrome c pathways which support the apoptotic process .
Almost all cancer cells , for example, are resistant to apop
tosis . In some cases this is caused by over -expression of
inhibitors of apoptosis proteins such as cytochrome c . The
knowledge management module 412 can store semantic
links between foods and the phytochemicals they contain to
these fundamental mitochondrial pathways . Such informa
tion can be used to optimize the impact of foods on cellular
respiration and related diseases, signs, and symptoms.
[0088 ] The biochemical pathway information also
includes metabolic pathways involved in the body 's detoxi
fication process. Food based nutrients have a role in the
modulation of metabolic pathways involved in the body ' s
detoxification process. These nutrients specifically impact
phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes, phase II conjugation
enzymes, Nrf2 signaling, and metallothionein . Nrf2 signal
ing deficiency has been linked to stress related conditions
such as cancer, kidney dysfunction , pulmonary disorders ,
neurological disease , and cardiovascular disease. For
example, The CYP1A family (cytochrome P450 , family 1 ,
subfamily A ) is involved in metabolizing hormones, procar -
cinogens, and pharmaceuticals . It is well-known for its role
Aug . 23, 2018
in the carcinogenic bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH ), heterocyclic aromatic amines /
amides , polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other envi
ronmental toxins . Various foods and phytonutrients alter
CYP1 activity . Cruciferous vegetables have been shown , in
humans, to act as inducers of CYP1A1 and 1A2, and animal
studies also suggest an upregulation of CYP1B1. Clinical
studies also indicate that resveratrol and resveratrol- contain
ing foods are CYP1A1 enhancers . Conversely , berries and
their constituent polyphenol, ellagic acid , may reduce
CYP1A1 overactivity , and apiaceous vegetables and quer
cetin may attenuate excessive CYP1A2 action . The knowl
edge management module 412 can store semantic links
between these food resources and such detoxification meta
bolic pathways and the related diseases , signs and symp
toms.
[0089 ] In one instance, the knowledge database 440 stores
various dietary metrics, such as recommended daily con
sumption metrics by the USDA . For example , the knowl
edge database 440 can store metrics on total daily calories ,
as well as USDA recommended minimum -maximum
ranges . As another example , the knowledge database 440
can store metrics on lipids and fats, such as recommended
ratios between omega - 6 and omega - 3 , as well as the maxi
mum recommended ratio . As yet another example , the
knowledge database 440 can store metrics on lipoic acid
(LA ) intake, such as recommended intake as a percentage of
energy. As yet another example , the knowledge database 440
can store metrics on total fats , such as total recommended
calories in fats. As yet another example , the knowledge
database 440 can store metrics on saturated fatty acids, such
as recommended daily values . As yet another example , the
knowledge database 440 can store metrics on cholesterol,
such as recommended daily values ( e . g ., 300 mg/day ). As
yet another example , the knowledge database 440 can store
metrics on soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, such as
recommended total fiber and recommended total soluble
fiber.
[0090 ] The knowledge managementmodule 412 may add ,
update , or eliminate existing ontology data structures and
their semantic links as new information about the knowledge
database 440 becomes available .
10091 ] The navigation module 416 receives a query and
performs inference by navigating through the semantic links
of the knowledge database 440 to identify relevant infor
mation to the query . Specifically , the navigation module 416
may be associated with one or more applications that
provide consumers with relevant nutritional information
identified through performing inference on the knowledge
database 440 . The navigation module 416 may receive the
query from an application itself or other modules of the
nutritional application platform 110 , in which the query
contains a request for nutritional information relevant to the
subject of the query . The navigation module 416 performs
inference by starting from one or more nodes of the knowl
edge database 440 and navigating through the semantic links
of the knowledge database 440 to identify a sub - graph of
nodes containing relevant information to the query .
[0092 ] For example, returning to the example semantic
links shown in FIG . 7A , the navigation module 416 may
receive a query for which foods are beneficial for preventing
fatty liver disease . The navigation module 416 may identify
a path from the node 758 corresponding to fatty liver disease
to the node 756 corresponding to hepa-protective through
US 2018 /0240359 A1
the semantic link 726 " alleviates.” The navigation module
416 may then identify a path from the node 756 to the node
754 corresponding to flavonoids through the semantic link
724 “ causes.” The navigation module 416 may then identify
a path from the node 754 to the node 750 corresponding to
tomatoes and the node 752 corresponding to beets through
the semantic links 720 , 722 " contains.” The navigation
module 416 may provide tomatoes and beets as the response
to the query . The combination of semantic links 720 , 722 ,
724 , 726 , and 728 constitute a sub -graph that leads to the
retrieval of relevant information for the query.
[ 0093] As another example , the navigation module 416
may start with a specific pharmacological action and identify
nutrients that are associated with the particular action. The
identified nutrients can be traced to plants, animals, fungi, or
microbiota where the net effect in the presence of all other
nutrients provides a net physiological impact.
[0094 ] As yet another example, the navigation module 416
may start with a specific food and identify diseases, symp
toms, signs, injuries , and physiological and psychological
enhancements that are connected to the food by the semantic
links “ alleviates ," " causes,” “ aggravates,” or “ prevents.”
[0095 ] Asyet another example, the navigation module 416
may start with a specific disease such as Inflammatory
Bowel Disease (IBD ), identify specific microbiota that are
known to be associated with active cases of IBD ( e . g .,
Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum , Faecalibacte
rium prausnitzii ), and identify what foods increase or reduce
the populations of the undesired microbiota species through
semantic links, such that beneficial dietary changes can be
identified for a consumer.
[0096 ] As yet another example , a nutrientwith a specific
pharmacological action can be associated with its corre
sponding chemical structure . The navigation module 416
may identify similar chemical structures to identify related
chemicals that may potentially have similar pharmacologi
cal effects as well as other plants that are not known for that
physiological impact . Typically , research into plant bio
chemistry will focus on only one specific pharmacological
action . Phytochemicals identified through spectrographic
methods may have many other pharmacological actions , in
some cases over a hundred , and yet only the narrow phar
macological topic of the research will be identified . The
navigation module 416 may identify common chemical
structures that can be used to infer unknown actions that
could be valuable, for example, in disease prevention or
treatment. Such discoveries by the navigation module 416
can be used to lower the cost of conventionalmedicine by
providing low cost nutritional alternatives to high cost
pharmaceuticals . Alternatively , such discoveries can lead to
the development of new pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals , or
even cosmeceuticals.
[0097 ] Asyet another example, the navigation module 416
may start with a specific variety of a vegetable and navigate
within the same plant ontology to a more specific species
node . From there , the navigation module 416 may access
child nodes corresponding to the more specific plant vari
eties and subspecies. Alternatively, from the species node ,
the navigation module 416 may navigate to the more general
genus node from which all child species are visible.
[0098 ] The knowledge discovery module 420 performs
discovery of nutritional information from existing and new
sources that can be incorporated into the knowledge data
base 440 . The knowledge discovery module 420 may dis
Aug . 23, 2018
cover new forms of knowledge from information sources
such as the Shallow Web , Deep Web , paywall Internet
databases , traditional hardcopies , private databases, and
other sources, such as medical research papers , nutritional
research papers , biochemical research papers, botanical
research papers, ethnobotanical studies ,medical references ,
standard terminologies, recipes, scientific reference works ,
nutrient data sets , chemical data sets , raw scientific data sets ,
news articles and releases, and government reports . The
Deep Web , in particular, includes data and information
objects accessible through the Internet. These are objects ,
for example, stored in structured , semi-structured , and
unstructured data stores that are inaccessible to major search
engine indexing agents. They may be in document,media, or
data formats that search engine indexing agents do not
understand and thus cannot index . Alternatively , they may
manifest as objects indexed by search engines that are not
accessible through conventional search . Typically , docu
ments that have few or no links to them and no links from
them do not achieve a rank sufficient for them to appear in
the results list of a search .
[0099 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 performs automatic classification and categorization
ofnewly ingested data and information . Specifically ,manual
cataloging can be significantly labor intensive and a limiting
factor on the growth of knowledge collections . By automat
ing the classification and categorization process, the knowl
edge discovery module 420 can drive knowledge base
expansion .
[0100 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 performs graph -based reasoning to infer new pat
terns and relationships hidden in existing semantic relation
ships of the knowledge database 440 . The knowledge
discovery module 420 may infer the new patterns and
relationships based on sub - graphs of nodes identified by
navigating through the semantic links of the knowledge
database 440 . For example , the sub - graphs of nodes may be
identified by the navigation module 416 while performing
inference for relevant information in the knowledge data
base 440 . The knowledge discovery module 420 may pro
vide the identified new relationships to the knowledge
management module 412 such that the new information can
be incorporated in the knowledge database 440 .
10101] FIG . 8 illustrates an example process for graph
based reasoning based on a sub - graph ofnodes identified in
the knowledge database 440, according to an embodiment .
The example shown in FIG . 8 includes a plants ontology, a
historical reference ontology, a diseases ontology, a medical
symptoms ontology , and a pharmacological actions ontol
ogy . The navigation module 416 identifies a sub - graph of
nodes defined by a semantic link 820 " found - in ” from a node
of the plants ontology to a node of the historical references
ontology, a semantic link 822 “ treats ” from the node of the
historical references ontology to a node of the diseases
ontology , a semantic link 824 " shows” from the node of the
diseases ontology to a node of the medical symptoms
ontology, and a semantic link 826 “ treated -by ” from the
node of the medical symptoms ontology to a node of the
pharmacological actions ontology . Based on the identified
sub - graph , the knowledge discovery module 420 may iden
tify a possible semantic link 828 between the node of the
pharmacological actions ontology and the node of the plants
ontology . The knowledge discovery module 420 may pro
US 2018 /0240359 A1
vide the semantic link 828 to the knowledge management
module 412 for incorporation into the knowledge database
440.
[ 0102 ] Returning to FIG . 4 , in one embodiment, the
knowledge discovery module 420 performs geospatial rea
soning to identify possible geospatial associations that can
be inferred from the knowledge database 440. For example ,
if a plant species found in a particular geospatial region has
a known pharmacological action , the knowledge discovery
module 420 can use geospatial data to identify other regions
around the world with similar topography, soil conditions,
weather patterns , watersheds , drainage basins, surface water
configurations, as well as other geospatial features that could
indicate other areas where the plant species can be found ,
areas where similar plant species can be found , and areas
suitable for cultivation and production of the plant species .
[ 0103] In one embodiment,the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 performs temporal reasoning to understand relation
ships between knowledge entities. For example, the recom
mended dosage for a drug can be interpreted as a consensus
built up over time when assessing patterns of in vitro and in
vivo research studies in large scale human clinical trials.
Temporal relationships indicate the sparseness or abundance
of research studies over time. For example , a small number
of in vitro studies with one subsequent in vitro rat study in
the distant past can carry less weight than a long consistent
pattern of related studies over the years leading to a recent
large scale human clinical trial. The temporal relationships
connecting such research and clinical evidence can be used ,
with other factors , in the compilation of a confidence value
for dosage based on research provenance that can be useful
for quantitative recommendations.
10104 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 uses vector space approaches to retrieve information
on the conceptual closeness of entities ranging from highly
unstructured textual documents to highly structured data
objects. In the case of unstructured documents such as
research papers , terms and phrases can be used to identify
underlying key concepts and weighted based on inverse
frequency and structural keys . Each term or phrase can be
represented as a dimension in an N -dimensional document
space . Within such a space a document can be represented
by an N - dimensional vector. The angle between such vectors
can be sued as a measure to reason about conceptual
similarity between documents. This may be useful, for
example , in assembling and evaluating provenance for esti
mates for nutrient dosage .
[0105 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 can use supervised and unsupervised learning tech
niques such as statistical pattern recognition , text mining ,
deep reinforcement learning to discover knowledge and
semantic relationships from newly ingested data and infor
mation and external enterprise data stores. For example , the
knowledge discovery module 420 may learn new semantics
for known ontology topics , such as new plant varieties or
new forms of biochemicalnutrients . Asanother example , the
knowledge discovery module 420 may learn new informa
tion for fact instances in the knowledge database 440 , such
as a new brand of an ingredient, a new recipe, or a new
treatment protocol. As yet another example , the knowledge
discovery module 420 may learn new semantic connections
within or between ontology data structures , such as a new
type of causation between a food and a disease , a plant and
a pharmacological action , or a nutrient and a cellular path
Aug . 23, 2018
way . As yet another example, the knowledge discovery
module 420 may learn emergent trends in areas such as food
consumption or disease etiology . As yet another example ,
the knowledge discovery module 420 may learn new ontol
ogy topics that have emerged in the literature, such as
metabolomics . As yet another example, the knowledge dis
covery module 420 may learn new patterns of disease
etiology and epidemiology .
[0106 ] In one embodiment, the knowledge discovery mod
ule 420 aids in the discovery of causal relationships between
specific pathways and the nutrients found in foods. The
causal relationships can be provided to the knowledge
management module 412 for storage in the knowledge
database 440.
[0107 ] Specifically, the knowledge discovery module 420
maintains external interfaces to large, dynamic collections
of such maps (e. g. KEGG , Reactome, BioCyc ) and data
mines the map annotations and structures to discover causal
relationships between specific pathways and the nutrients
found in foods. Many biological pathway maps are found in
graphical image formats, included in peer review articles ,
books, reports, or published on Internet Web sites .Mining of
such diagram formats requires a multi -phased , combined
top -down ( from the image ) and bottom -up ( from the lan
guage ) approach . Initially, the knowledge discovery module
420 can analyze the diagram with Optical Character Rec
ognition (OCR ) tools to extract diagram annotations and
terminology (i.e . semantics ) and their graphical coordinates
and spatial extents, thereby separating them from the graph
ics. The knowledge discovery module 420 can use the
extracted terms to search for initial candidate semantic links
into the existing ontology data structures . Knowledge
extracted from such discovered relationships can be used to
assist in the recognition of objects in the diagrams forming
constraints that propagate through the diagram parsing and
recognition process. Knowledge of biochemical diagram
ming formalisms is also used by the diagram parser in the
process of recognizing diagrammatic features. At a deeper
level, the next phase involves diagram structure recognition
where shapes and links are recognized and correlated with
the extracted annotations and terminology . The extracted
structure provides candidate linkage between annotations
and terminologies extracted in the first pass . In some cases ,
extracted terminology will be enclosed within shapes and
hence represent candidate knowledge entities . In other cases ,
adjacency between annotation terms and lines (i.e. links
between entities ) may indicate a “ typing” of semantic links .
In cases where there are large numbers of highly similar
diagrams the extraction process can be automated subject to
quality control constraints . In other cases , diagrams contain
ing new and unknown structural features will require sub
sequent review by human subject matter experts following
the extraction process which in some cases may become
interactive and iterative.
[0108 ] The knowledge discovery module 420 supports
various types of reasoning services , in addition to those
discussed above , to determine casual relationships between
foods to signs, symptoms, disease , injuries, and physical/
cognitive performance enhancements, and cellular -level
human biological pathways.
[0109] In one instance, the knowledge discovery module
420 supports reasoning services to link foods to signs ,
symptoms, disorders, injuries or potential physical or cog
nitive enhancements through the actions of their cofactors
US 2018 /0240359 A1
13
and coenzyme constituents on metabolic pathways. Specifi -
cally , metabolic pathways and the enzymes that convert
metabolites and intermediates within them , require non
protein helpers such as cofactors or coenzymes (organic
cofactors ) for normal catalytic activity to take place that
drives cellular chemical reactions. Dietary vitamins, for
example, can be organic coenzymes for metabolic pathways
or form the raw materials from which such coenzymes are
synthesized . Minerals found in foods such as zinc, iron and
copper in ionic form function as inorganic cofactors . The
knowledge discovery module 420 can identify links between
foods and such metabolic pathways.
[0110 ] In one instance , the knowledge discovery module
420 supports reasoning services to link foods to pharmaco
logical effects by associating their constituent nutrients to
the modulation of signaling pathways. Specifically, signal
ing pathways are part of the communications process that
governs and coordinates cellular activities. These pathways
have been linked to disease onset and progression . Aberrant
functioning of the Wnt/ ß - catenin signaling pathway, for
example , has been observed in a variety of human cancers
including colorectal, prostate and melanomas. Dietary
agents that are antagonists of the Wnt/ß -catenin signaling
pathway have been shown to have cancer chemo preventive
effects. The knowledge discovery module 420 can identify
links between the foods and these signaling pathways, as
well as their associated pharmacological effects.
[0111] In one instance, the knowledge discovery module
420 supports reasoning services to link foods to signs,
symptoms, disorders , injuries, or potential physical or cog
nitive enhancements through the actions of competitive
inhibitors on biochemical pathways. Specifically, competi
tive inhibitors are molecules similar to the metabolite or
intermediate substrate but unable to be acted on by the
enzyme and thereby compete with the substrate for the
enzyme active site . Foods contain biochemicals , for
example , that are competitive inhibitors of proteases that
break down proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino
acids. Proteases such as pepsin , trypsin , and chymotrypsin ,
for example , are produced by the digestive tract for breaking
down proteins. Instances of food based competitive inhibi
tors are flavonoids, phytochemicals found commonly in
foods such yellow onion , kale , leek , parsley, soy, tea , and
blueberry . Flavonoids inhibit the NF -kB signaling pathway
that is believed to suppress cell apoptosis and promote
cancer cell growth . Similarly , flavonoids have been shown to
inhibit pathways linked to the occurrence of inflammation .
The knowledge discovery module 420 can link these foods
and nutrients to actions of competitor inhibitors on bio
chemical pathways .
[0112 ] In one instance, the knowledge discovery module
420 supports reasoning services to link foods to gene
expression . Specifically , dietary patterns and their constitu
ent foods regulate pathway gene expression signatures and
profiles. Such profiles are associated with the functioning of
physiological systems such as the immune system and
disorders such as inflammation , cancer, or cardiovascular
disease . The HLA -B27 gene, for example , is associated with
the onset of autoimmune disease and has been shown to have
environmental triggers . One of these triggers is now
believed to be the presence of starchy foods in the diet .
Similarly meat-related foods in the diet have been associated
with dysregulated genes that are causally related to cancer
and tumor morphology in the human colon . The knowledge
Aug . 23, 2018
discovery module 420 can link foods to gene expression
such that the identified links can be used to help prevent
signs, symptoms, disease , and promote the overall health of
physiological systems.
[0113] In one instance, the knowledge discovery module
420 supports reasoning services to link foods to alternative
biological pathways that provide similar effects to pathways
that have been compromised . Specifically , the normal func
tioning of biological pathways can be disrupted by disease
or gene mutations. The knowledge discovery module 420
can identify foods that leverage alternative biological path
ways that provide similar effects , such that these types of
foods can be recommended to , for example , a patient. For
example , given a single -nucleotide polymorphism (SNP ) in
a genome that results in the onset of disease , nutrients in
foods can be used to bypass the SNP. For example , if a
patient has a defect in their MTTR (Methionine Synthase
Reductase ) gene which regenerates methyl B12 (methylco
balamin ) for detoxifying homocysteine and turning it into
methionine , the end result is a B - 12 deficiency . This can be
bypassed by addingmethylcobalamin rich animal foods into
the diet such as eggs, dairy ,meats, and fish .
[0114 ] The food analysis module 422 analyzes recipes of
food with respect to their ingredients , and provides infor
mation on the wellness of the recipes. Specifically , the food
analysis module 422 may be associated with an application
that provides design of foods based on wellness objectives
of consumers. The recipe may represent a set of ingredients ,
and may include a set of ingredients for a single dish , or may
alternatively include a set of ingredients that a consumer has
consumed over a daily, weekly,monthly period , and the like .
[0115 ]. The food analysis module 422 receives information
on a recipe including a set of ingredients , and analyzes
various metrics that indicate the wellness of the recipe . For
example , the food analysis module 422 may analyze the total
caloric intake of a recipe in terms of fats , carbohydrates, and
protein . As another example , the food analysis module 422
may evaluate the aggregate effectiveness of the recipe in
terms of particular physiological enhancements and the like.
Specifically, the food analysis module 422 can obtain the
breakdown of nutrients for each ingredient, as well as the
aggregate breakdown for the recipe itself through informa
tion contained in the knowledge database 440 responsive to
receiving a recipe. The food analysis module 422 can
determine various effectiveness metrics of the recipe
through this breakdown. In one embodiment, the food
analysis module 422 additionally receives constraints asso
ciated with the recipes, and may evaluate the effectiveness of
the recipes with respect to those constraints . For example ,
the food analysis module 422 may receive a recipe and a
constraint " prevention of hypertension ,” and evaluate the
effectiveness of the recipe in terms of preventing hyperten
sion .
[0116 ] The behavioral planning module 424 provides
planning services to generate and update temporal wellness
plans, such as dietary meal plans, nutritional treatment
regimens, and other wellness functions that occur over time.
Specifically, the behavioral planning module 424 may be
associated with an application that provides a nutritional
consumption plan based on wellness objectives of consum
ers. The behavioral planning module 424 receives informa
tion on a consumer of the application and generates , as well
as updates , a wellness plan for the consumer based on
information contained in the knowledge database 440 , and
US 2018 /0240359 A1
14
among others , the reasoning and decision support services
provided by othermodules of the application platform 110 .
For example , the consumer information may include a
consumers ' height, weight, body fat percentage , and a
dietary objective to enhance metabolism rate . Based on the
consumer information , the behavioral planning module 424
can generate a dietary plan over a subsequent number of
weeks that will help the consumer gain a higher metabolism
rate.
[0117 ] In one embodiment, the behavioral planning mod
ule 424 also detects deviations from wellness plans, and
dynamically updates wellness plans responsive to detecting
the deviations. For example , in the case of meal plans,
consumers might often deviate from the meal plan at one
point. The deviations may occur, for example , at well
defined events such as birthday celebrations, office parties ,
customer meetings over lunch or dinner, unpleasant or
traumatic personal experiences . The deviations may also
occur at less well-defined events such as a bad day at the
office . In such an embodiment, the behavioral planning
module 424 receives consumer information including what
users have consumed , and detects deviations from the origi
nal wellness plan by comparing consumed items with those
planned . The behavioral planning module 424 can re-plan
future meals to compensate for the deviation . For example ,
the behavioral planning module 424 may re-plan by boost
ing nutrient values, lowering saturated fats , reducing caloric
intake, increasing omega -3 fatty acids, and the like. Alter
natively, the behavioral planning module 424 receives con
sumer information including deviations from a wellness plan
that is, for example ,manually entered into the application by
a consumer him /herself .
[0118 ] In one embodiment, the behavioral planning mod
ule 424 may use machine learning techniques to learn
consumer behavior . Consumer behavior represents a chal
lenging topic for behaviormodeling and prediction given the
variability in behavior associated with age, income, culture ,
education , stress , physical state, external events, gender,
weight, ethnicity , personal genome, income level, education
level, profession , diseases, signs, symptoms, injuries, medi
cal treatments, group influences, social context, cultural
factors , economic factors , psychological factors , nutrition
and disease etiology, and other variables specific to an
individual. The behavioral planning module 424 receives
consumer information including the various types of vari
ables of a consumer, and uses statistical learning methods,
such as Bayesian multi- variate regression , to construct
probabilistic models of consumer behavior or emotional
state . In one instance, the consumer information may also
indicate a situated event of a consumer under a wellness
plan , and the behavioral planning module 424 may suggest
foods that may minimize the deviation from the dietary plan
using the machine learned models. In another instance, the
behavioral planning module 424 can re -plan a dietary plan
using the machine learned models subsequent a plan devia
tion resulting from an event. Ultimately, the behavioral
planning module 424 may receive dietary choices made
under event -driven conditions from multiple consumers of
the application that can be stored in a data store . The
behavioral planning module 424 can use the stored data to
train the machine learned models used to predict consumers '
behavior that will become increasingly more accurate over
time.
Aug . 23, 2018
(0119 ] FIG . 9 illustrates an example process of recom
mending and re -planning a wellness plan for a consumer
based on a machine learned behavioral model, according to
an embodiment. In one embodiment, the functions and
processes shown in FIG . 9 are performed by the behavioral
planning module 424 .
[0120 ] Specifically, a user 932 of a meal planning appli
cation supported by the application platform 110 may be
associated with a meal plan generated by the behavioral
planning module 424 . On day 2 from the start of the meal
plan , the user 932 experiences a deviation in the meal plan
due to an event 904 such as a birthday party. The behavioral
planning module 424 includes a recommender 908 that
identifies healthier alternatives that fit the environment of
the event 904 . The recommender 908 receives a set of user
profiles 928 describing the user of the application , descrip
tion of the event, and the actual choices 924 made by the
user 932 from the application . The recommender 908 also
receives access to a behavioral model 920 that generates
predictions of user behavior. The behavioral model 920 may
be a machine learned model. Based on the behavioralmodel
920 and the received information about the user 932 , the
recommender 908 can identify alternative options that fit the
event 904 , and provide these options to the application . The
behavioral planning module 424 also includes a re- planner
912 that updates the meal plan for the user 932 to compen
sate for the deviation caused by the event 904 . The re
planner 912 also receives the actual choices 924 made by the
user 932 and access to the behavioral model 920 . The
re -planner 912 can identify re- planning options for subse
quent days , for example , day 4 and day 5 , that will help the
user 932 back on track on his/her meal plan .
[0121] Additionally, the actual choices 924 of the user
932 , as well as the set of user profiles 928 of the user 932
can be stored in a data store 916 in addition to stored
information on other users of the application . The behavioral
planning module 424 can use the data in the data store 916
to train the behavioral model 920 and improve accuracy of
the behavioral model 920 .
[0122 ] Returning to FIG . 4 , the semantic middleware 928
provides a gateway to a variety of services offered by the
nutritional application platform 110 , including those offered
by the navigation module 416 , the knowledge discovery
module 420 , and the behavioral planning module 424 . The
semantic middleware 928 receives requests from applica
tions or external interfaces supported by the nutritional
application platform 110 , and coordinates which services
will respond to the requests. The semantic middleware 482
provides the responses to the requester.
[0123] In one embodiment, the semantic middleware 928
also provides a query interface and grammar processing
services that allow applications or external interfaces to
search through the knowledge database 440 or other stored
knowledge databases of the nutritional application platform
110 , such as structured or unstructured data stores . The
semantic middleware 928 supports knowledge query gram
mar that expresses syntactic , semantic , and structural refer
ences to stored knowledge. The semantic middleware 928
may also support filtering by geospatial region and temporal
period .
[0124 ] The semantic middleware 928 implements a vari
ety of query grammars. For example , the semantic middle
ware 928 may support Boolean search grammar, such as
" plant AND instance AND genus = Solanum .” As another
US 2018 /0240359 A1
15
example , the semantic middleware 928 may support physi -
cal similarity search that includes plants with similar phy
totomy, plants with similar morphology , and diseases with
similar signs or symptoms. As yet another example, the
semantic middleware 928 may support structural similarity
search that includes nutrients with similar molecular struc
ture and molecular pathways with similar structure . As yet
another example , the semantic middleware 928 may support
textual similarity or vector space search that includes
research papers with similar topics , recipes with similar
ingredients , and diseases with similar symptoms. As yet
another example , the semantic middleware 928 may support
taxonomic similarity search that includes plant species in the
same genus . As yet another example, the semantic middle
ware 928 may support process similarity search that includes
ingredients with similar culinary uses , foods with similar
preparation processes, and medical treatments with similar
medical therapies . As yet another example , the semantic
middleware 928 may support geospatial search that includes
plants found in a common region , plants with similar grow
ing conditions, and foods common to a specific region . As
yet another example , the semantic middleware 928 may
support ethnobotanical search that includes historical cures
with a specific pharmacological action . As yet another
example , the semantic middleware 928 may support term
and/ or phrase synonymy that includes chemicals , drugs ,
plants, foods , medical procedures, medical specialties, dis
eases , signs, symptoms, injuries , and deceptive or mislead
ing food labeling. For similarity search queries, the semantic
middleware 928 may receive a query, identify elements of
the knowledge database 440 that have a degree of similarity
with the query, and return elements associated with a degree
of similarity above a predetermined threshold to the
requester. The degree of similarity can be represented , for
example , as a cosine of an angle between two vectors when
the elements are represented as vectors in an n - dimensional
space, a degree of similarity in chemical structure , and the
like.
[0125 ] The applications services module 432 builds and
deploys one or more applications 444 supported by the
nutritional application platform 110 to client devices 116 .
The application services module 432 can design a wide
variety of applications 444 around the knowledge database
and internal services of the nutritional application platform
110 . The applications 444 include the necessary components
needed to deploy mobile applications, web applications,
B2B applications, and the like. The components may also
include those that generate graphical user interfaces (GUI) at
the client devices 116 that users can use to interact with the
application platform 110 or view data obtained from the
application platform 110 among other things . In one
embodiment, the applications 444 are configured to com
municate with various components of the nutritional appli
cation platform 110 to respond to a query orrequest received
from one or more users. In another embodiment, the data
bases and reasoning and decision support services of the
nutritional application platform 110 may be built-in the
applications 444, and the applications 444 may service users
without the need to communicate with components of the
nutritional application platform 110 .
[0126 ] The applications services module 432 also man
ages a user information data store 448 that stores informa
tion about users of the application platform 110. These may
include individual or organizational consumers that are users
Aug . 23, 2018
of applications 444 of the platform , or users that access
resources of the application platform 110 through another
means such as an interface to the application platform 110 .
In one instance , the user information 448 includes physical
characteristics of the users , such as weight and height of a
user. In another instance , the user information 448 includes
health - related information of the user, such as information
from diagnostic laboratory tests , general wellness tests , and
the like. Additionally , the user information 448 includes
historical information of the user, such as genetic history,
disease history , and the like . Additionally, the user informa
tion 448 includes dietary preferences of the user that indi
cate , for example , particular diets that a user is pursuing , or
the user's palette preferences for food . Internal services of
the nutritional application platform 110 can use the user
information 448 in conjunction with the applications 444 to
provide nutritional guidance that is tailored to the user .
[0127 ] In one instance, the applications 444 include food
design applications that leverage semantic links between
foods and nutrients, pharmacological actions, diseases ,
signs , symptoms, physiological and /or psychological
enhancements, and other entities in the knowledge database
440 . The application services module 432 can design such
applications from multiple perspectives. For example, the
application services module 432 can consider perspectives
from individual consumer use , institutional food services,
processed food manufacturers, school food planning, gov
ernment nutritional standards , restaurant menu design , and
military food engineering. For each perspective , food design
applications design foods from a set of ingredients , addi
tives , and colors to comply with a set of constraints provided
to the applications.
[0128] In one instance , a food design application allows
users to submit search queries in either a Boolean structured
or an unstructured full text search . For example , the appli
cation can allow users to locate a specific ingredient for a
recipe. As another example, starting with a food group
category , the application can allow users to browse through
food ingredients within that category . The food design
application can provide the query submission to , for
example , the semantic middleware 428 of the application
platform 110 to retrieve the response for these queries.
[0129] The food design application allows users to add
ingredients for food design through , for example , a GUI
component. In one instance , the food design application
allows a user to select an ingredient and specify a unit
measure ( e . g ., tsp , tbsp ., cup , pint ) and a scaling factor
associated with the ingredient. For example , a user may
enter “ 1/2 cup raw broccoli,” in which the ingredient is raw
broccoli, the unitmeasure is cup , and the scaling factor is 1/2 .
The food design application may convert the unit measures
into their equivalent weights ( e . g ., grams) based on the
density of each ingredient. In conjunction with the food
analysis module 422 , for example, the food design applica
tion can obtain the amount of nutrients contained in each
ingredient. For example, the ingredient “ 1/2 cup raw broc
coli” can be converted to a gram equivalent weight. The food
design application can then obtain the breakdown of phy
tonutrients in broccoli based on the scaling factors for
phytonutrients to determine the gram equivalent weight of
phytonutrients included in broccoli. Additionally , the appli
cation may allow the user to select from libraries of culinary
descriptors (e . g ., organic, fresh , raw ) and preparatory
descriptors (e.g., chopped , sliced , braised ) as well.
US 2018 /0240359 A1
16
[0130 ] In one instance, as each ingredient is added to a
recipe, the food design application provides re -analysis on
the updated recipe . For example , the food design application
may obtain re - analysis for the recipe for co - factors neces
sary for proper nutrientmetabolism . A built- in recommender
in the food design application or a recommender in con
junction with the food analysis module 422 may suggest
ways to re -balance cofactors by adjusting ingredient quan
tities or adding additional ingredients suitable for the culi
nary context. For example , the piperine alkaloid in black
pepper has been shown in research studies to improve the
bioavailability of curcumin in Turmeric by as much as
150 % . The recommender may suggest the addition of black
pepper in a recipe including Turmeric to increase the bio
availability of curcumin .
[0131] In one instance , the food design application can
present nutrients according to their quantity in one or more
ingredients . For example, the food design application can
present nutrients contained in a selected set of ingredients
according to their quantity in the ingredients . Since there can
be a large number of nutrients , the food design application
can allow the user to choose the top N nutrients for display.
The food design application can also present nutrients that
are filtered based on associated pharmacological actions or
other conditions for display. For example , the food design
application can filter the nutrients based on the pharmaco
logical actions obtained from the knowledge database 440 .
[0132 ] FIG . 10A is an example graphical user interface for
presenting phytochemicals contained in carrots, according to
an embodiment. FIG . 10B is an example graphical user
interface for presenting a filtered set of phytochemicals
contained in carrots , according to an embodiment. As shown
in FIG . 10A , an example food design application displays a
ranked list of the top ten phytonutrients contained in carrots
based on a normalized quantity . Specifically, alpha -carotene
has the highest relative proportion among phytonutrients
included in carrots , followed by d - glucose , gamma-bisab
olene, luteolin -7 -beta - glucoside , methyl- amine, sucrose ,
pectin , falcarindiol, diosgenin , and lycopene. As shown in
FIG . 10B , the food design application may present a filtered
subset of phytonutrients that are specifically associated with
anti- cancer pharmacological actions . Specifically, alpha
carotene has the highest proportion among phytonutrients
with anti-cancer pharmacological actions, followed by fal
carinol, beta -carotene , alpha- tocopherol, limonene, alpha
terpineol, butyric - acid , caffeic -acid , and shikmic -acid . In
addition , the food design application may allow the user to
select any one of the phytonutrients to obtain deeper knowl
edge about the phytonutrient, such as toxicity , teratogenic
effects, side effects, drug interactions, pharmacological
actions, botanical science , ethnobotanical data , and organic
chemistry
[0133 ] In one instance, the food design application sup
ports tracking of aggregate caloric ratios as a recipe is built
up . The food design application can allow users to select one
or more reference diets for display as well as enter a custom
ratio , which can be displayed with a current recipe ratio . The
food design application may also provide dietary metrics
such as daily calories, metrics for lipid and fats , lipoic acid ,
total fats , saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and the like for
the recipe in conjunction with the recommended dietary
metrics . For example , the food design application can dis
play dietary metrics of the recipe and the recommended
dietary metrics in a side-by - side manner.
Aug . 23, 2018
[0134 ] FIG . 10C is an example graphical user interface for
presenting aggregate caloric ratios between carbohydrates,
fats , and protein for multiple diets , according to an embodi
ment. As shown in FIG . 10C , the graphics display caloric
ratios between carbohydrates, fats, and protein for a Medi
terranean diet , a paleo -diet, a custom diet, and the current
recipe being analyzed . Similarly to the examples shown in
FIGS . 10A and 10B , the food design application can take
into account constraints for specific pharmacological actions
( e . g ., anti - cancer, anti - inflammatory ), diseases , signs, symp
toms, or desired physiological and/or psychological
enhancements.
[0135 ] In one instance , the recommender included in the
food design application can provide alternative strategies
when certain metrics exceed or fall below recommended
values . For example , given information that a user consumes
2 ,000 calories per day and exceeds the recommended 2 . 3 : 1
n -6 /n - 3 ratio , the recommender can provide a first alternative
strategy of making no changes to n -6 intake and increasing
intake of EPA & DHA to 3 .67 g /day , which can be achieved
by 11 -oz . of oily fish every day . The recommender can
provide a second alternative strategy of reducing n -6 intake
to approximately 3 % of calories , and consume 0 .65 g / day
( three 4 -oz . portions of oily fish per week ) of EPA & DHA.
The recommender can provide a third alternative strategy of
limiting n -6 intake to less than 2 % of calories , and consume
approximately 0 .35 g /day of EPA & DHA ( two 4 -oz . por
tions of oily fish per week ). The recommender can also
provide a strategy of recommending supplements when
dietary intake remains below optimal levels.
[0136 ] In one instance, the food design application can
obtain various metrics indicating the wellness of the recipe
and the effectiveness of the recipe with respect to one or
more wellness goals. The food design application can pres
ent the obtained metrics to the consumer, such that the
consumer can track the progress of an associated wellness
goal. The food design application can also receive a con
straint such as " prevention of hypertension ,” and obtain the
effectiveness of the recipe with respect to the constraint, and
suggest alternative ingredient choices that are beneficial for
the constraint.
[0137 ] FIGS. 11A - 11K illustrate example user interfaces
of an application supported by the nutritional application
platform 110 , according to another embodiment. Specifi
cally, the application shown in FIGS. 11A - 11K provides
users with nutritional information on various foods, such as
those in suggested recipes, take- out orders, consumed foods ,
and the like . The application can also associate food with the
users ' emotional or physical state with time links and
specific nutrients . The application can also collect users '
self-reporting and obtain estimations on which health con
ditions the user is associated with based on , for example, the
recorded self -reports . The application may manage a single
user for an account, or may manage multiple users for an
account, such as a household of family members, together.
[0138 ] FIG . 11A is an example user interface of a main
page of the application supported by the nutritional appli
cation platform 110 , according to one embodiment. The
example user interface in FIG . 11A includes a set 1102 of
options for a user to log a consumed food , plan a meal, or
order takeout. The user interface also includes a set 1104 of
windows that display various metrics for foods that were
consumed by the user for a given day . The metrics include
scores for bioactive components, energy balance , fiber/
US 2018 /0240359 A1
microbiome synthesis, essential fatty acids, performance
and function , and daily caloric intake. The application may
obtain the metrics in conjunction with the food analysis
module 422 of the nutritional application platform 110 . The
user may click into each metric to obtain further details on
the breakdown of how the metric was calculated .
[ 0139 ] FIG . 11B is an example user interface showing a
detailed breakdown of the energy balance metric , according
to one embodiment. The example user interface includes a
window 1108 that describes the meaning of the energy
balance metric in more detail , and a set 1106 of windows that
display components of the user 's food intake that lead to the
energy balance metric value. In the example illustration
shown in FIG . 11B , the components are ranked according to
the user 's specific needs and wellness goals . The user may
also click into an individual component to obtain further
details on the component. For example , the application may
display a window that describes the recommended intake of
the component, a detailed description of the component, a
list of foods that the component can be found in , and a list
of recipes that contain the component .
[ 0140 ] FIG . 11C is an example user interface of a user 's
food log, according to one embodiment . The page shown in
FIG . 11C may be generated responsive to the user clicking
on the option " food log ” in the set of options 1102 shown in
the user interface of FIG . 11A . The example illustration
includes a list 1110 of known dishes that the user has
consumed over the week . The list 1110 shown in FIG . 11C
includes “ super salad with golden turmeric dressing," “ cobb
salad ," " spinach salad ," "pasta salad,” and “ potato salad .”
For each item in the list 1110 , the application displays a set
of metrics that the user can use to determine how each dish
affects different aspects of wellness . The set of metrics
include scores for bioactive components, energy balance ,
fiber /microbiome synthesis, essential fatty acids , perfor
mance and function , and daily caloric intake. The user can
add an item by clicking on an " add " button 1112 , or may
delete an item by clicking on the " delete ” button 1114 .
Responsive to a user interaction to add a food item to the
food log , the application may request the user to enter the
date and timeofthe food intake , the serving size of the meal,
and the like .
[ 0141] FIG . 11D is an example user interface for planning
a meal, according to one embodiment. The page shown in
FIG . 11D may be generated responsive to the user clicking
on the option plan a meal" in the set of options 1102 shown
in the user interface of FIG . 11A . The application may
request the user to indicate which member of the account
will be eating the meal date and timeof the meal. Based on
the information provided by the user, the application pro
vides the user with a list of suggested recipes . Specifically ,
the example illustration shown in FIG . 11D includes a list
1116 of suggested recipes for a dinner meal. Each suggested
recipe includes a button 1118 that the user can click into to
view more details of the recipe.
[0142] FIG . 11E is an example user interface showing
details of a selected recipe item , according to one embodi
ment. The example illustration shows details of the selected
recipe " super salad with golden turmeric dressing .” The
illustration includes a detailed description of the recipe and
directions for making the recipe, as well as the different
ingredients included in the recipe, along with other types of
information . Specifically , the user interface also includes a
button 1120 that allows the user to add ingredients to an
Aug . 23, 2018
online shopping cart such that the user can order the ingre
dients online in a convenient manner. The interface also
includes a button 1122 that allows the user to plan the meal
of the suggested recipe. In addition , the application may also
generate a user interface that allows the user to edit the list
of ingredients for the recipe .
[0143] FIG . 11F is an example user interface showing the
nutritional breakdown of a selected recipe item , according to
one embodiment. The page shown in FIG . 11F includes the
set ofmetrics for the selected recipe , similar to types shown
in the example of FIG . 11A . Also shown in FIG . 11F , the set
of metric values may be different according to the member
that will consume the meal due to different health profiles
from member to member. For example , the set of metric
values for member Denise and the set of metric values for
member John are different from each other due to their
different health profiles. Similarly to the example of FIG .
11B , the user may click into each metric for an individual
member to obtain further details on the breakdown of the
metric .
10144 ] FIG . 11G is an example user interface showing a
detailed breakdown of the energy balance metric for an
individual member, according to one embodiment. The
example illustration in FIG . 116 includes a set 1124 of
windows that display the components of the recipe that lead
to the energy balance metric value for the user Denise . The
components shown in FIG . 116 may also be ranked accord
ing to wellness goals of the user.
[0145 ] FIG . 11H is an example user interface for ordering
takeout, according to one embodiment. The page of FIG .
11H may be generated responsive to the user clicking on the
option " order takeout" in the set of options 1102 shown in
the user interface of FIG . 11A . The application may request
the user to indicate which member of the account will be
ordering the takeout meal, along with other information .
Based on the information provided by the user, the appli
cation provides the user with a list of food businesses. Each
item on the listmay be associated with a button that the user
can click into to view more details of possible menu items
of the business . The example illustration in FIG . 11H shows
details of the business “Gingergrass — Silverlake .” The inter
face includes a list 1126 of menu items available from the
business . For each item , the application provides a button
1128 for adding the menu item to an online cart such that the
user can conveniently order the takeout meal. The applica
tion also provides a button 1130 for viewing the nutritional
breakdown of the item .
10146 ] FIG . 111 is an example user interface showing the
nutritional breakdown of a selected menu item , according to
one embodiment. The page shows the set of metrics for the
selected menu item , similar to the user interface of FIG .
11A . Similarly to FIG . 11F , the set of metric values may be
different according to the member that will consume the
takeout meal.
[0147 ] FIG . 113 is an example user interface of the account
profile of a user, according to one embodiment. As shown in
FIG . 11 ), the application may request the user to enter
account information including profile information , such as
name, address , e -mail, and payment information of the user.
The application may also request the user to provide a set of
members 1132 that are associated with the user , such as the
household members of the user.
0148 ] FIG . 11K is an example user interface of a health
profile of a user, according to one embodiment. As shown in
US 2018 /0240359 A1
FIG . 11K , the application may request the user to enter
health profile information that includes various types of
health conditions and wellness goals of the user. The appli
cation can use the health profile to generate nutritional
information specific to the user. In the example illustration
in FIG . 11K , the health profile of user " Denise Miller"
indicates that the user has a ketogenic diet and other physical
characteristics of the user . The health conditions section
indicates that the user is associated with health conditions
“ hyperthyroidism ” and “ migraines.” Other possible
examples that the user may choose from include " arthritis ,"
“ fibromyalgia ," " hypertension ," " depression / anxiety.” The
health conditions also indicate that the user is allergic to
foods such as corn , sesame, peanuts , avocados, and poppy.
Other possible examples that the user may choose from
include " wheat," " chickpeas," " fish ,” “ kiwi,” and “ garlic .”
The medications section indicates that the user is taking
“ methimazole ,” and “ hydrocodone.” The things important to
you section indicates that the user values no meat, low
carbohydrates , organic and natural, and high protein diets .
Other possible examples that the user may choose from
include no sugar, low cholesterol, low salt, and high fat. The
health goals section indicates that the goal of the user is to
lose fat and obtain better skin . Other possible examples that
the user may choose from include muscle gain , flatter
stomach , less pain , and less acne. In addition , the health
profile can also indicate foods that user absolutely does not
like, how active the user is , and the like. The health profile
of the user can be stored in the user information data store
448 in conjunction with the application .
[0149 ] In another instance, the applications 444 include a
concussion application that provides nutritional and well
ness information to users dealing with acute events such as
heart attacks , initial onset of diabetes, or other serious
illnesses . The concussion application may be divided into
three stages.
[0150 ] The first phase is directed to prevention , general
wellness , and performance enhancement. The concussion
application provides users with nutritional recommendations
that avoid foods that contribute to inflammation , and eating
more foods that provide anti- inflammation , anti-cancer, and
anti-oxidant biological activities. The concussion applica
tion may also allow users to select preferences for avoiding
specific diseases or for enhancing performances in athletic
or mental capabilities . During the first stage, the concussion
application may receive information on the state of a user
including existing health information , current nutritional
deficiencies, genetics, and health concerns .
[ 0151] The second phase is directed to occurrence of an
event to the user that creates an acute treatment phase . The
event may be an injury or initial onset of a disease .
0152 The third phase is directed to post- injury with a
progressive path to healing and reduction or elimination of
symptoms. The concussion application provides a general
framework of the requirements for users who are already
sick and are using the application to heal themselves , feel
better, and reduce prescription medications with their
unwanted side effects . Recommendations may be dynamic
and can be influenced by time from injury /diagnosis , and
updated diagnosis and assessments.
[0153 ] FIG . 12A illustrates an example architecture for a
concussion application , according to one embodiment. FIG .
12A shows a platform 1202 for the application , an interface
1204 for receiving information related to users , operation
Aug . 23, 2018
1206 of the concussion application during the pre - concus
sion phase , operation 1208 of the concussion application
during the post- concussion phase , and API's 1210 to the
concussion application that can be accessed by end users .
FIG . 12B illustrates a detailed view of the platform 1202 of
the concussion application , according to one embodiment.
As shown in FIG . 12B , the concussion application incorpo
rates various forms of information to generate recommen
dations for a user,both during the pre -concussion phase and
the post- concussion phase . Specifically , examples can
include information from aggregated user information ,
information from trackers such as accepted recommenda
tions , food trackers , and rankings of foods and recipes ,
behavioral information of users such as analysis of choices ,
assessment ofmotivation level, rewards and incentives , and
community members, information from food knowledge
such as nutrients, biologic activity, flavor profiles, certifica
tions, and culinary , information from disease knowledge
such as semantics, pathways , and other contributing factors ,
information from microbiota such as microbiome, tax
onomy, substrates , and metabolites , temporal information
such as disease progression , time schedule and sequencing,
and updated indices , and information from research such as
provenance , animal models , and temporal aspects of
research . These various types of information can be used to
recommend foods, nutrients , and the like to the user and also
provide automated planning of these nutrients to the user
during both the pre -concussion and post -concussion phase .
[0154 ] FIG . 12C illustrates details of user information
received by the interface 1204 and operation 1206 of the
pre -concussion phase of the concussion application , accord
ing to one embodiment. The user information may be stored
in the user information data store 448 . The concussion
application receives information about a user that includes
health history , health goals, diet history, information about
activity and biometrics from wearables, foods in their refrig
erator or on a shopping list, and location ( e .g ., home cooking
or eating out) that affects the nutritional recommendations
provided by the application . Health history may include
information provided by insurance companies , physicians,
and /or diagnostics (e .g ., laboratory and comics ). For
example , as shown in FIG . 12C , health -related information
may include information from serum biomarkers that indi
cate diagnostics and concussion assessments of the user. The
serum biomarkers may include S100 calcium -binding pro
tein B (S100 - B ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP ) ,
ubiquitin carboxyl -terminal esterase L1 (UCH -L1), neuron
specific enolase (NSE ), alpha - amino 3 -hydroxyl- beta
methyl- 4 -isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR ) and
peptide . Health -related information may also include infor
mation related to general health diagnostics of the user such
as laboratory testing , genetic testing , microbiome testing ,
metabolome testing, and other -omics . The concussion
application may take into account the user 's culinary and
sustainability preferences, and ratings of past meals (e . g .,
recipes ) in the recommendations. Also shown in FIG . 12C
are other types of user information including historical
information such as genetics history, concussion history , and
health history , nutritional deficiencies of the user identified
from diet history or laboratory testing, user preferences such
as preferences on cuisine , flavor, likes or dislikes of food ,
and information from tracking devices such as wearable
monitors . The behavior modification aspects of the applica
tion can use diet history and time from interventions ( e . g.,
US 2018 /0240359 A1
rewards, motivational messages, educational/training) to
define the level of motivation to align with recommenda
tions (e.g., less -motivated user has simpler and easier tasks ).
[0155 ] FIG . 12D illustrates details of operation 1206 of
the concussion application during the pre - concussion phase
and operation 1208 of the concussion application during the
post - concussion phase, according to an embodiment . The
concussion application also obtains and combines knowl
edge from the knowledge database 440 with desired bio
activities. For example , the modules “ excitotoxicity , " " anti
inflammatory ," " energy production ," etc. in FIG . 12D can
perform these functions. The concussion application may
obtain nutrients that provide or prevent these bioactivities
from the nutritional application platform 110 to the foods
that contain the nutrients or to the products of specific
microbiota and the food they consume. As shown in FIG .
12D , nutrients that prevent nutritional deficiencies include
omega -3 , magnesium , vitamin D , zinc, etc. Nutrients that
provide anti- inflammatory effects include magnesium , vita
min D , omega - 3 , flavonoids , citicholine (CDO - Choline ),
etc . Nutrients that enhance energy production include car
nitine, B3 nicotinamide, vitamin D , etc . Nutrients that
provide anti-oxidant effects include vitamin C , vitamin E ,
selenium , beta carotene , B vitamins, zinc, flavonoids, hor
mones, etc . Nutrients that prevent excitotoxicity include
zinc , magnesium , acetyl L carnitine (ACL ), branched chain
amino acids, etc . The concussion application may request
the identification of such nutrients from components of the
nutritional application platform 110 . The concussion appli
cation may also have access to further details of each
nutrient. For example , for the nutrient “ flavonoids,” the
concussion application may obtain different types of fla
vonoids such as resveratrol, curcumin , luteolin , baicalein ,
based on , for example , information contained in the knowl
edge database 440 . As another example, in relation to
nutrients that enhance anti-oxidant effects, the concussion
application may obtain detailed information 1240 on oxida
tive stress. As shown in FIG . 12D , the obtained information
1240 indicates that oxidative stress has been implicated as a
central pathogenic mechanism in traumatic brain injury
( TBI) because the brain is especially vulnerable to such
stress, compared to other tissues. Overproduction of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), that is, chemically reactive mol
ecules containing oxygen , can trigger many of the harmful
biological events associated with TBI such as DNA damage ,
brain -derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction , and
disruption of the membrane phospholipid architecture, and
has therefore been suggested as a principal culprit in both
acute and long - term events of TBI.
[ 015 ] As shown in conjunction with FIGS. 12A , 12C ,
and 12D , during the pre - concussion phase , the concussion
application performs assessment of risk 1220 of a serious
health event of the user based on the user' s health informa
tion as well as historical information and nutritional defi
ciency information . During a pre - event neuro protection
stage 1222 , the concussion application may recommend
nutrients or foods that contain ingredients for preventing
aggravation of nutritional deficiencies, anti- inflammatory
effects, and excitotoxicity effects. The concussion applica
tion may also suggest recommendations generated by the
nutritional application platform 110 for the user that include
dietary recommendations based on the user ' s preferences ,
information from tracking devices associated with the user ,
and knowledge from the knowledge database 440 . An arti
Aug . 23, 2018
ficial intelligence (AI) recommender included in the con
cussion application searches for the best match and opti
mizes recipes that match the preferences of the user. The
recipes could be recipes stored in the nutritional application
platform 110 , or analyzed from an outside recipe system
( e .g ., website, food producer, or restaurant). The recom
mender can also add suggestions to consume a particular
food , add particular ingredients to a salad , leave out par
ticular ingredients , and /or replace ingredients with some
other combination , and the like.
[0157 ] FIG . 12E illustrates details of operation 1208 of the
concussion application during the post - concussion phase ,
according to an embodiment. As shown in conjunction with
FIGS. 12A , 12D , and 12E , during the post- concussion
phase , the concussion application detects the presence of a
serious health event 1226 of the user based on , for example ,
health information of the user from concussion assessment
diagnostics . Close to the occurrence of an event, the con
cussion application may recommend nutrients or foods that
contain ingredients for preventing anti-inflammatory activi
ties . The recommendation may also indicate that these foods
can be consumed in a sublingual manner . The concussion
application may detect a start of an acute treatment stage
1228 based on the assessment diagnostics of the user. During
the acute treatment stage 1228 , the concussion application
may recommend nutrients or foods that contain ingredients
that enhance anti-oxidant effects and prevents excitotoxicity
effects. The recommendation may also indicate that these
foods can be consumed in an enteral or parenteral manner.
The concussion application may also detect a start of a
secondary treatment stage 1230 based on the assessment
diagnostics of the user. During the secondary treatment stage
1230 , the concussion application may recommend nutrients
or foods that contain ingredients that enhance anti-oxidant
effects and prevent excitotoxicity effects . The recommenda
tion may indicate that these foods can be consumed in an
enteral manner. After the secondary treatment stage 1230 ,
the concussion application may also recommend nutrients
and foods for long- term benefit 1232 of the user. Specifi
cally, the concussion application may recommend those that
prevent excitotoxicity effects and enhance anti-inflamma
tory effects .
[0158 ] FIG . 12F illustrates example API' s 1210 for clients
of the concussion application , according to an embodiment.
Specifically , various types of users , either individual con
sumers or institutional organizations, can access and use the
concussion application through , for example, an API. As
shown in FIG . 12F , users can be consumers that are cooking
at home, or can be institutional organizations such as mili
tary / sports teams, hospitals/ schools , food retailers , corporate
cafeterias, and the like . By using the concussion application,
users can design foods and nutritional consumption plans for
prevention as well as recovery of serious health events under
a comprehensive and easy -to -use framework .
[0159 ] The concussion application can also display a
graphic visualization of how the user is progressing . The
display can provide feedback at a high level down to a
granular measurement of nutritional intake of helpful and
unhelpful nutrients with information on what foods contrib
uted to being helpful vs. unhelpful. Indices of progression
can include updated testing , changes in prescriptions, and
subjective interpretation of symptoms and wellness in a diet
diary . A longitudinal analysis of user information , diet
history, and changes in health measures may eventually
US 2018 /0240359 A1
become a source of discovery about previously unknown
relationships between food and disease . Rewards can be
provided based upon interaction with the system , choices,
overall results, etc .
[0160] In yet another instance , the applications 444 can
include an online learning application for self -education or
formal degreed academic programs in biochemical and
molecular nutrition . Interactive adaptive courseware mod
ules can be created utilizing the underlying knowledge base
as scaffolding for course design . By adding additional func
tionality for administration , documentation , tracking and
reporting a comprehensive Learning Management System
(LMS ) can be integrated to deliver the knowledge contained
in and managed by the nutritional application platform 110 .
The online learning application can support learning about
biochemical and molecularnutrition by navigating the ontol
ogy data structures and other databased that span knowledge
domains including medicine, biochemistry , nutrition ,
botany , physiology , pharmacology , cellular biology and oth
ers. The underlying graph structure can be traversed via any
of the nearly exponential number of semantic paths in
conjunction with the navigation module 416 , each path
corresponding to the exploration of a particular topic. These
paths can also be adapted to match the student' s current
learning abilities. For example , a student focusing on
inflammatory disorders could explore a path leading from
disorders to different types of anti -inflammatory foods and
from there to the biochemistry of constituent nutrients .
Alternatively, a student could explore the history of anti
inflammatory cures in ancient China by temporally and
geospatially constraining the traversal of the ontology data
structures in the knowledge database 440 . The courseware
application translates the underlying knowledge being tra
versed along the path into an interactive visual journey
through the topic by integrating text, images , videos, and
semantic links into a visual presentation .
[0161] In yet another instance , the applications 444 may
include a medical decision support application for physi
cians and nutritionists . Such applications combine deep
knowledge about disease , signs, symptoms, injuries , phar
maceuticals , treatment protocols, physiology , and cellular
biology to help medical professionals make optimized rec
ommendations based on the client or patient' s lifestyle,
current health , genetics, microbiomes , diet , sleeping pat
terns, exercise patterns, needs, and goals. Such applications
can provide tracking functions for patient progress and
re-planning to accommodate deviations from planned diets .
[0162 ] In yet another instance , the applications 444 may
include those that aid in pharmaceutical research and drug
discovery . Current research in drug discovery from medici
nal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining
botanical, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, biological, and
molecular techniques.Medicinal plant drug discovery con
tinues to provide new and important insights to use against
pharmacological targets that include cancer, HIV / AIDS ,
Ebola , Alzheimer 's, malaria , and chronic pain . The database
and internal services of the nutritional application platform
110 may integrate many different knowledge domains that
contribute to the medicinal plant drug discovery process . A
plant with known pharmacological properties can be used as
one of many potential entry points to the knowledge base to
explore other related species by using taxonomic relation
ships , physical similarity , geospatial similarity, similar
genetics , similar phytochemicals and other perspectives
Aug . 23, 2018
using such applications . These can lead to discovery, for
example , of plants with heretofore unknown biochemistry
that may have desired pharmacological actions . Alterna
tively , the drug discovery process could start with obscure
ethnobotanical references and enable the user to discover
likely plant species using geospatial, chemical, botanical and
other clues . One of the primary strengths of the nutritional
application platform 110 is that it supports serendipitous
discovery of valuable but unexpected knowledge during the
medicinal plant drug discovery process . For example , while
researching plants with desired pharmacological actions ,
different plants with the same pharmacological action
caused by an entirely unknown new phytochemical may be
discovered . These could lead to the discovery of other plant
species with highly desirable properties different from the
pharmacological intent of the research .
0163] In yet another instance , the applications 444 can
include an application that can be used for the research and
design of plant -based topical cosmeceuticals at the cellular
level using the knowledge database 440 . For example , these
capabilities can be used to design cosmeceuticals at the
molecular level for prevention or treatment of UV damage ,
aging, or chemical exposure (e .g . airborne or waterborne
pollutants ) by taking advantage of the semantic links
between foods, plants, nutrients and biological pathways
stored in the knowledge database 440 . The application can
be used to employ development of new anti-aging and
anti-cancer cosmeceuticals . It can also be used to discover,
for example , new plant species with similar properties or
genetically engineer entirely new plants with the desired
properties . Cosmeceutical discovery applications are quite
similar to the medicinal drug discovery applications
described previously, with the exception that there is a
narrower emphasis on topical formulationstypically for hair ,
nail and skin care . Common products today incorporate
nutrients such as retinol, AHA / BHA , vitamins such as C and
E , peptides, and liposomes. Plant species, however, have
thousands of phytochemicals which have never been
researched for such applications. Similar to medicinal drug
discovery , there are also deep ethnobotanical references that
can be traced back to actual plant species .
[0164] In yet another instance, the applications 444
include a military food development application that main
tains the health and performance ofmilitary personnel who
often live and work under some of the most challenging
environmental conditions in the world . Current research by
the U . S . Army, for example, focuses on high performance
military ration components such as PERCs (Performance
Enhancing Ration Components ) which have demonstrated
human performance improvements as great as 15 % , and the
ERGO (Energy Rich Glucose Optimized ) energy drink . The
nutritional application platform 110 provides a new knowl
edge driven environment for the development of new per
formance ration components based on biochemical and
molecular nutrition .
[0165 ] In yet another instance, the applications 444
include an agricultural development and planning applica
tion . Plants have valuable pharmacological properties which
are derived from their constituent phytochemicals. The
concentrations of these phytochemicals can vary substan
tially based on how the plant is grown — i.e ., soil conditions ,
geospatial location , soil microbiome, precipitation /irriga
tion , agricultural chemical use . The application can be used
to optimize the conditions for production of specific crops or
US 2018 /0240359 A1
21
suggest new crops thatmay have valuable pharmacological
uses. Alternatively , the application can be used to optimize
the nutrient concentrations in commercially available pro
duce products . In the case of bio -cyclic agriculture, for
example, the application can use the knowledge database
440 and the navigation module 416 to derive causal links
between soil microbiome, human microbiomes, nutrients
and concentrations , and disease etiologies. Such associa
tions can lead to the evolution of entirely new farming
paradigms for the optimization of biochemical and molecu
lar nutrition .
[0166 ] FIG . 13 illustrates a flowchart for providing nutri
tional guidance to a user, according to an embodiment. The
application platform receives 1302 a request for mitigating
a biological condition . The request is associated with a user
of a client device . The application platform accesses 1304 a
knowledge database including a plurality of ontology data
structures . The plurality of ontology data structures corre
spond to a plurality of topics that include at least food ,
nutrition , and biological conditions. Each ontology data
structure includes a plurality of nodes assigned to the topic .
The knowledge database includes a plurality of semantic
links that each represent a relationship between two nodes.
The application platform identifies 1306 the biological con
dition of the user in the plurality of nodes . The application
platform identifies 1308 a set of nodes related to the bio
logical condition of the user by traversing through semantic
links associated with the biological condition of the user in
the knowledge database . The set of nodes indicate nutri
tional information associated with the biological condition .
The application platform provides 1310 nutritional guidance
based on the set of identified nodes and the semantic links
associated with the set of nodes .
CONCLUDING STATEMENTS
[0167] The foregoing description of the embodiments of
the invention has been presented for the purpose of illus
tration ; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the
invention to the precise forms disclosed . Persons skilled in
the relevant art can appreciate thatmany modifications and
variations are possible in light of the above disclosure .
[0168 ] Some portions of this description describe the
embodiments of the invention in terms of algorithms and
symbolic representations of operations on information .
These algorithmic descriptions and representations are com
monly used by those skilled in the data processing arts to
convey the substance of their work effectively to others
skilled in the art . These operations, while described func
tionally, computationally, or logically, are understood to be
implemented by computer programs or equivalent electrical
circuits, microcode, or the like . Furthermore , it has also
proven convenient at times , to refer to these arrangements of
operations as modules , without loss of generality . The
described operations and their associated modules may be
embodied in software, firmware, hardware , or any combi
nations thereof.
[ 0169] Any of the steps, operations, or processes described
herein may be performed or implemented with one or more
hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with
other devices . In one embodiment, a software module is
implemented with a computer program product comprising
a computer -readable medium containing computer program
Aug . 23, 2018
code, which can be executed by a computer processor for
performing any or all of the steps , operations, or processes
described .
[0170 ] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to an
apparatus for performing the operations herein . This appa
ratusmay be specially constructed for the required purposes ,
and /or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device
selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program
stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be
stored in a non -transitory , tangible computer readable stor
age medium , or any type of media suitable for storing
electronic instructions , which may be coupled to a computer
system bus . Furthermore , any computing systems referred to
in the specification may include a single processor or may be
architectures employing multiple processor designs for
increased computing capability .
[0171] Embodiments of the invention may also relate to a
product that is produced by a computing process described
herein . Such a product may comprise information resulting
from a computing process , where the information is stored
on a non -transitory , tangible computer readable storage
medium and may include any embodiment of a computer
program product or other data combination described herein .
[0172 ]. Finally , the language used in the specification has
been principally selected for readability and instructional
purposes , and it may not have been selected to delineate or
circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore
intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this
detailed description , but rather by any claims that issue on
an application based hereon . Accordingly , the disclosure of
the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustra
tive, but not limiting,of the scope of the invention , which is
set forth in the following claims.
What is claimed is :
1. A nutritional application platform , comprising:
an interface configured to receive requests from one or
more users for nutritional information associated with
wellness goals of the users, the interface further con
figured to provide the requested nutritional information
to the users ;
a knowledge database including:
a plurality of ontology data structures corresponding to
a plurality of topics, the plurality of topics including
at least food , nutrition , and biological conditions ,
each ontology data structure including a plurality of
nodes assigned to the topic, and
a plurality of semantic links , each semantic link rep
resenting a relationship type between two nodes ;
a set of service components configured to perform one or
more decision support services that provide nutrition
and health related guidance based on information
included in the knowledge database , the set of service
components including :
a navigation component configured to manage traversal
of the ontology data structures to identify subsets of
nodes connected through corresponding subsets of
semantic links that are related to the nutritional
information requested by the users ; and
a semantic middleware component configured to receive
the requests and coordinate the set of service compo
nents to obtain the requested nutritional information for
the requests.
2 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1 , further
comprising an application services component configured to
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deploy a set of applications that can be executed on one or
more client devices to provide nutritional guidance to users ,
and wherein the requests are received from the set of
applications.
3. The nutritional application platform of claim 2 , wherein
the set of applications includes a nutrient planning applica
tion , and wherein the set of service components includes a
behavioral planning component configured to receive a set
of health -related characteristics of a user from the nutrient
planning application and to generate a nutrient consumption
plan that adjusts consumption timing of nutrients for the
user.
4 . The nutritional application platform of claim 3 , wherein
the behavioral planning component is further configured to :
receive information on an occurrence of an event that
causes deviation from the nutrient consumption plan
for the user ;
responsive to the occurrence of the event, generate a
prediction indicating nutritional behavior of the user by
applying a machine learned model to the set of health
related characteristics of the user ; and
generate an updated consumption plan based on the
prediction .
5 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1 , wherein
the semantic middleware component is further configured
to :
receive a search query containing a request to obtain
elements related to an element contained in the search
query ;
based on the search query, determine a degree of simi
larity between an element of the search query and one
or more elements in the knowledge database ; and
provide a subset of elements associated with a degree of
similarity above a predetermined threshold as a
response to the search query .
6 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1 , further
comprising a knowledge discovery component configured
to :
access an external database through an external interface
of the nutritional application platform ;
identify information related to one or more nodes of the
plurality of ontology data structures in the external
database ; and
update the plurality of ontology data structures to incor
porate the identified information .
7 . The nutritional application platform of claim 6 , wherein
the knowledge discovery component is further configured
to :
obtain a subset of nodes connected through a subset of
semantic links;
perform one or more reasoning processes to identify a
new relationship between a pair of nodes in the subset
of nodes based on the subset of semantic links; and
update the plurality of ontology data structures to incor
porate a new semantic link between the pair of nodes
that represents the identified relationship .
8 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1, wherein
the plurality of semantic links include a first subset of
semantic links that connect nodes from a sameontology data
structure , and a second subset of semantic links that connect
nodes from different ontology data structures .
9 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1 , wherein
the relationship type of a semantic link from a first node to
a second node indicates that the first node alleviates a
Aug . 23, 2018
condition specified in the second node, the first node causes
a phenomenon specified in the second node, the first node
aggravates a condition specified in the second node , the first
node prevents a condition or action specified in the second
node, or an ingredient of the first node is contained in a
substance of the second node .
10 . The nutritional application platform of claim 1,
wherein for each ontology data structure , the corresponding
plurality of nodes are organized in a hierarchical structure in
which one or more child nodes are organized under corre
sponding parent nodes based on a taxonomical scientific
structure .
11. The nutritional application platform of claim 1,
wherein for each ontology data structure , the knowledge
database further includes fact instances associated with one
or more nodes, the fact instances describing a set of char
acteristics of the corresponding one or more nodes.
12 . A method of providing nutritional guidance to a user,
comprising:
receiving requests from one or more users for nutritional
information associated with wellness goals of the users ;
based on the received request, accessing a knowledge
database comprising :
a plurality of ontology data structures corresponding to
a plurality of topics, the plurality of topics including
at least food, nutrition , and biological conditions ,
each ontology data structure including a plurality of
nodes assigned to the topic, and
a plurality of semantic links, each semantic link rep
resenting a relationship type between two nodes in
the knowledge database ;
obtaining the requested nutritional information by travers
ing through subsets of nodes in the knowledge data
base , the subsets of nodes related to the nutritional
information requested by the users and connected
through corresponding subsets of semantic links; and
providing the obtained nutritional information to the users
in response to the requests .
13 . Themethod of claim 12 , further comprising deploying
a set of applications that can be executed on one or more
client devices to provide nutritional guidance to users , and
wherein the requests are received from the set of applica
tions.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the set of applica
tions includes a nutrient planning application , and obtaining
the requested nutritional information comprises :
receiving a set of health -related characteristics of a user
from the nutrient planning application , and
generating a nutrient consumption plan that adjusts con
sumption timing of nutrients for the user.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein obtaining the
requested nutritional information further comprises :
receiving information on an occurrence of an event that
causes deviation from the nutrient consumption plan
for the user ;
responsive to the occurrence of the event, generating a
prediction indicating nutritionalbehavior of the user by
applying a machine learned model to the set ofhealth
related characteristics of the user ; and
generating an updated consumption plan based on the
prediction .
US 2018 /0240359 A1
23
16 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising obtaining:
receiving a search query containing a request to obtain
elements related to an element contained in the search
query ;
based on the search query, determining a degree of
similarity between an element of the search query and
one or more elements in the knowledge database ; and
providing a subset of elements associated with a degree of
similarity above a predetermined threshold as a
response to the search query.
17 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising updating
the plurality of ontology data structures, the updating com
prising:
accessing an external database through an external inter
face ;
identifying information related to one or more nodes of
the plurality of ontology data structures in the external
database ; and
updating the plurality of ontology data structures to
incorporate the identified information .
18 . Themethod of claim 17, wherein the updating further
comprises :
obtaining a subset of nodes connected through a subset of
semantic links from the knowledge database ;
performing one or more reasoning processes to identify a
new relationship between a pair of nodes in the subset
of nodes based on the subset of semantic links ; and
updating the plurality of ontology data structures to
incorporate a new semantic link between the pair of
nodes that represents the identified relationship .
19 . The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of
semantic links include a first subset of semantic links that
connect nodes from a same ontology data structure , and a
Aug . 23, 2018
second subset of semantic links that connect nodes from
different ontology data structures .
20 . The method of claim 12 ,wherein the relationship type
of a semantic link from a first node to a second node
indicates that the first node alleviates a condition specified in
the second node, the first node causes a phenomenon speci
fied in the second node, the first node aggravates a condition
specified in the second node, the first node prevents a
condition or action specified in the second node , or an
ingredient of the first node is contained in a substance of the
second node .
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein for each ontology
data structure , the corresponding plurality of nodes are
organized in a hierarchical structure in which one or more
child nodes are organized under corresponding parent nodes
based on a scientific taxonomic structure .
22 . The method of claim 12 , wherein for each ontology
data structure, the knowledge database further includes fact
instances associated with one or more nodes , the fact
instances describing a set of characteristics of the corre
sponding one or more nodes.
23 . The method of claim 12, further comprising coordi
nating a set of service components configured to perform
one or more decision support services that provide nutrition
and health related guidance based on information included
in the knowledge database , the coordinating including coor
dination of a navigation component that manages the tra
versing through the subsets of nodes in the knowledge
database .
* * * * *