The United States' New Colonial Policy in South Vietnam was implemented during the 1950s

and 1960s, amidst the Cold War and the Vietnam War era. It was part of the strategy to contain
the spread of communism, particularly after South Vietnam became a separate nation following
the partition at the Geneva Conference in 1954.

This policy encompassed several aspects:

Economic and Military Assistance: The U.S. provided substantial military and economic aid to
the government of South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese military and government were trained,
equipped, and supported by the U.S., aiming to counter the challenges posed by the Viet Cong
(the communist forces in the South) and the North Vietnamese army.

Political Policies: The U.S. supported the governments of South Vietnam, including the regime
of Ngo Dinh Diem, and implemented measures to reinforce political stability and oppose
communist movements.

Military Strategies: The U.S. carried out military strategies such as the Strategic Hamlet Program
and various military campaigns aimed at destroying or weakening the communist forces in the
South.

Social and Economic Policies: The U.S. supported the development of infrastructure, education,
healthcare, and economic growth in South Vietnam, aiming to garner support from the populace
and prevent the spread of communism.

However, these measures often faced opposition from sections of the South Vietnamese
population, especially following instances of arbitrary arrests and the use of South Vietnamese
forces to suppress democratic movements. The failure of this policy also contributed to the rise
of the anti-war movement and increased support for the Viet Cong and democratic movements in
South Vietnam.