An Internship report On

AutoCAD
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Academic requirements for the
award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by

M. ARAVIND 21H55A0307

Under the esteemed guidance of

MR. P. RAJU

ASSISTANCE PROFESSOR

INTERNSHIP

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(NAAC Accredited with “A” Grade & NBA Accredited) (Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to
JNTU Hyderabad)
KANDLAKOYA, MEDCHAL ROAD, HYDERABAD 501401

2022-23

1
 CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(NAAC Accredited with “A” Grade & NBA Accredited) (Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to
JNTU Hyderabad)
KANDLAKOYA, MEDCHAL ROAD, HYDERABAD 501401

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship 1 report on “AutoCAD ” is a Bonafide work done by
M. ARAVIND (21H55A03107 III Year I Sem B.TECH, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology submitted to Department
of Mechanical engineering, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad during
the Academic Year 2022-23.

PROJECT GUIDE: Head of the Department

MR. P. RAJU(Assistant Professor) Dr. P. Ravi Kumar

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are highly indebted and grateful to our m e n t o r M R . P . R A J U mam,

CMRCET for his excellent guidance and constant encouragement throughout for the
successful completion of the Project.

We are obliged and grateful to thank Mr. Naveen Vadde sir, AutoCAD trainer, for his
cooperation in all respects during the course.

We would like to thank Dr. P. Ravikumar, Head of Department-Mechanical Engineering

for being a moral support throughout the period of our study in CMRCET.

We would like to thank Major Dr.V.A.Narayana, Principal, CMRCET, for his support in the
course of this internship.

We would like to thank Shri Ch. Gopal Reddy, Secretary & Correspondent of CMRCET,
for his cooperation in all respects during the internship.

Finally, we would like to thank all teaching & non- teaching staff members of the
department, for their cooperation and support throughout the duration of my internship.

We owe all our success to our beloved parents, whose vision, love and inspiration has made
us reach out for these glories.

Signature

M. ARAVIND (21H55A0307)

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DECLARATION

We hereby declare that results embodied in this internship 1 Report on “AUTOCAD” are
from work carried out by using partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
B.Tech degree. I have not submitted this report to any other university/institute for the award
of any other degree.

M ARAVIND (21H55A0307)

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 INDEX

S CONTENTS PAGE
. NO:
N
O

1 ABSTRACT 6

2 INTRODUCTION 7

3 OBJECTIVE 8

4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 9

5 APPLICATIONS 11

6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 12

7 AUTOCAD LAYOUT 13

8 BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS 17

9 DESIGNED DIAGRAMS 24

1 CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES 26

0

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 ABSTRACT

CAD is a term which means Computer Aided Design. It is the technology concerned with the
use of digital computers to perform certain functions in design and production. Electronics
brains in the form of microprocessors are parts of cars we drive, the planes in which we fly,
and televisions. We watch and the automated tools we use to produce such products. The
Computer Aided Design or CAD systems are used to design such products. The CAD
hardware typically includes a computer, one or more graphics display terminals, keywords
and other peripheral equipment. The CAD software consists of the computer programs to
facilitate the engineering functions of the user company. Examples. Of these application
programs include stress-strain analysis of components, dynamics response of mechanisms,
heat transfer calculations and customer’s markers are different. These factors give rise to
differences in CAD systems requirements. Ultimately CAD will provide the technology base
for the computer- integrated factory of the future

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 AutoCAD

INTRODUCTION:

AutoCAD allows the designer to use and manage it on multiple machines using network
licensing. Being an easily available program, AutoCAD is used globally by students,
teachers, architects, freelancers, engineers, fashion designers. Like other CAD programs,
AutoCAD also works on a database of geometric systems, including points, lines, arcs, etc.
The user works on the application through the commands; editing or drawing is done from
the inbuilt command line. AutoCAD is issued free of cost to students, educators, and
institutions.

AutoCAD is globally used by surveyors, designers, engineers, and drafters. Globally,

AutoCAD has proven as an efficient and user-friendly program. Commercial drafting and
computer-aided design(CAD) software applications are AutoCAD. AutoCAD software is
recognized internationally for its remarkable editing capabilities, which make it likely to
digitally draw building plans or recreate 3D images. This software was developed in the year
1982 by Autodesk

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 OBJECTIVE:

● The main purpose of auto cad is to create or design 2D and 3D designs. It is computer aided
design software. AutoCAD is a design tool which will reduce human efforts compared to
manual drafting. AutoCAD will eliminate human error and can be used to draft complex
geometry in less time.
● AutoCAD is a global application. It is being used globally by product development teams,
manufacturing facilities, medical professionals, in educational institutions, by professionals
and engineers.
● 3D modeling and visualization are two main important features of the program. AutoCAD
allows the modelers to create powerful 3d models, wireframes, meshes & surfaces by using
various 3D tools & commands.

SCOPE:

AutoCAD experts, with knowledge or degree in mechanical engineering, can work across
various entry-level to senior-level positions in the field. They majorly specialise in designing
and producing systems or objects in motion, such as air conditioning systems, gas turbines,
generators, and different types of machinery

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

System requirements for AutoCAD 2022 (Windows)

Operating System 64-bit Microsoft® Windows® 10. See Autodesk's Product Support
Lifecycle for support information.

Processor Basic: 2.5–2.9 GHz processor

Recommended: 3+ GHz processor

Memory Basic: 8 GB
Recommended: 16 GB

Display Resolution Conventional Displays:

1920 x 1080 with True Color

High Resolution & 4K Displays:

Resolutions up to 3840 x 2160 supported on Windows 10 (with capable
display card)

Display Card Basic: 1 GB GPU with 29 GB/s Bandwidth and DirectX 11 compliant
Recommended: 4 GB GPU with 106 GB/s Bandwidth and DirectX 12
compliant

Disk Space 10.0 GB

Network See Autodesk Network License Manager for Windows

Pointing Device MS-Mouse compliant

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.NET Framework .NET Framework version 4.8 or later

System requirements for AutoCAD 2022 for Mac

Operating System Apple® macOS® Big Sur v11

Apple macOS Catalina v10.15
Apple macOS Mojave v10.14

Model Basic: Apple Mac Pro® 4.1, MacBook Pro 5.1, iMac® 8.1, Mac mini®
3.1, MacBook Air®, MacBook® 5.1

Recommended: Apple Mac® models supporting Metal Graphics Engine

Apple Mac models with M series chip are supported under Rosetta 2
mode.

CPU Type 64-bit Intel CPU

Recommended: Intel Core i7 or higher

Memory Basic: 4GB

Recommended: 8GB or higher

Display Resolution Basic: 1280 x 800 display

High Resolution: 2880 x 1800 with Retina Display

Disk Space 4 GB free disk space for download and installation

Pointing Device Apple-compliant Mouse, Apple-compliant Trackpad, Microsoft-

compliant mouse

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11
APPLICATIONS:

● AutoCAD is compatible with other applications like 3D Max. The designers can even
import or export DWG & DXF Files to the application. Also, these files can even be
exported from AutoCAD to other applications for creating more improved projects &
presentations.
● 3D printers use various file formats that are not supported by all the CAD software.
On the other hand, AutoCAD supports these file formats that are preferred by most of
the 3D printers.
● AutoCAD is adaptive to the CAD interface and its usage. AutoCAD allows the
professionals to check the workings of the framework within the stage of designing
itself. Designers can use this framework for projects & presentations.
● AutoCAD comprises integrated design layouts of various templates specially
designed for architectural planning and infrastructure constructions; the users can
work on plans that include creating architectural arrangements for construction
purposes without having to master the software.
● AutoCAD is not only a powerful application but also has a simpler user interface. It
comes with a lot of functions and commands that are to the point and without any
confusion. AutoCAD is also used in the fashion industry by designers as they can
design difficult shapes and designs without any problems.
● Engineers also use AutoCAD as it incorporates easier drafting tools and helps in
modeling engineering designs, blueprints, and other components. With AutoCAD, the
engineers can design realistic models with minimum errors. AutoCAD acts as a
medium to the users for designing mechanical parts and components for their projects.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of AutoCAD:

● With AutoCAD, the users get to link their files to multiple platforms; they have the
benefit of importing and exporting all kinds of files.
● The users can even expand the base program through programming; thus, AutoCAD
is a versatile application that has standardized in computer designs.
● AutoCAD also has project management tools that allow users to share information
simultaneously & effectively.
● The cost of the program is quite high due to its license.
● The software is a time-consuming application. It has many functions and features
which are specific and to the point.
● A powerful computer with good RAM and Hard disk is required for the application to
work with processing speed.

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Basic AutoCAD Layout:

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Open a Drawing
File>> open: Open an existing drawing file. (Ctrl+O)
The select File dialog box (a standard file selection dialog box) is displayed You can open
and load a portion of a drawing, including geometry on a specific view or a layer. In the
select File dialog box, click the arrow next to Open and choose Partial Open Read-only to
display the partial open dialog box. When FILEDIA is set to 0(zero), Open displays a prompt
on the command line.

Save a Drawing
File>>Save: To Save a File. (Ctrl+S)
This Option saves the drawing file for later use. You can also set up automatic saving and
backup files and save only selected objects. When you work on a drawing, you should save it
frequently. Saving protects you from losing work in the event of a power failure or other
unexpected event. If you want to create a new version of a drawing without affecting the
original, you can save it under another name. The file extension for drawing files is .dwg, and
unless you change the default file format in which drawings are saved, drawings are saved in
the latest drawing file format. This format is optimized for compression and for use on a
network.

Close
File>>Close
The current drawing is closed. If you modified the drawing since it was last saved, you are
prompted to save or discard the changes. You can close a file that has been opened in read-
only mode if you have made no changes or if you are willing to discard changes. To save
changes to a read-only file, you must use the SAVEAS command.

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Quit/exit
File>>Exit
AutoCAD Quits the program if there have been no changes since the drawing was last saved.
If the drawing has been modified, you are prompted to save or discard the changes before
quitting. You can quit a file that has been opened in read-only mode if you have made no
modifications or if you are willing to discard them. To save modifications to a read-only
drawing, use SAVEAS command to save the drawing under another name

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Basically there are three type of view:

● ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW
● ISOMETRIC VIEW
● PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Orthographic View:
Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic
views represent the exact shape of an object as seen from one side at a time as you are
looking perpendicularly to it. Depth is not shown.

Isometric View:
Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two
dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is a way by which you can represent
your shapes or your drawn up sketch into a three- dimensional view. An angle of 30 degrees
is taken in all its sides in order to give a 3d look. Drawing isometric projection actually
means representing the proper accurate drawing with some traditional equipment like Set
squares, T- squares, parallel bars and some other measuring measures. Isometric and
Perspective both are different things. Isometrics are made in 30 degrees only whereas the
perspective views are made in different eye levels with different angles that illustrate height,
breadth, and depth for more lifelike drawings.

Perspective View:
Perspective view is a view of a three-dimensional image that portrays height, width, and
depth for a more realistic image or graphic Drawing that shows the exterior view of an object
or an assembly, without any parts removed. With cutaway (sectional) views it shows parts
normally hidden from the observer. Also called perspective drawing

Basic Drawing commands

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 Line
Home>>Draw>>Line: (L Enter)
With Line, you can create a series of continuous line segments. Each segment is a line object
that can be edited separately. Continue: Continues a line from the endpoint of the most
recently drawn line. Close: Ends the last line segment at the beginning of the first line
segment, which forms a closed loop of line segments. You can use Close after you have
drawn a series of two or more segments. Undo: erases the most recent segment of a line
sequence. Using this option more than once backtracks through line segments in the order
you created them.

Erase
Home>>Modify>>Erase: (E Enter)
Erase helps to remove the objects from a drawing. To erase the unwanted objects.

Undo
Quick access toolbar>>Undo: (Ctrl+Z)
Undo displays the command or system variable name at the command prompt to indicate that
you have stepped past the point where the command was used.

Redo
Edit>>Redo: Redo reverse the effects of a single undo or U command

Circle
Draw>>circle>>Centre, radius: (C Enter)
The Circle command is used to draw circles. There are a number of ways you can define the
circle. The default method is to pick the centre point and then to either pick a second point on
the circumference of the circle or enter the circle radius at the keyboard.

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 Arc

Draw>>Arc>>3 Point
The Arc command allows you to draw an arc of a circle. There are numerous ways to define
an arc, the default method uses three pick points, a start point, a second point and an
endpoint. Using this method, the drawn arc will start at the first pick point, pass through the
second point and end at the third point. Once you have mastered the default method try some
of the others. You may, for example, need to draw an arc with a specific radius. All of the
Arc command options are available from the pull-down menu.

Spline

Draw>>Spline: (Spl Enter)

The Spline command creates a type of spline known as a non-uniform rational B- spline,
NURBS for short. A spline is a smooth curve that is fitted along a number of control points.
The Fit Tolerance option can be used to control how closely the spline

conforms to the control points. A low tolerance Figure 6 7 Figure Figure 8 Spline Internship
Report for Internship taken at CADD Centre 15 value causes the spline to form close to the
control points. A tolerance of 0 (zero) forces the spline to pass through the control points.
The illustration on the right shows the effect of different tolerance values on a spline that is
defined using the same four control points, P1, P2, P3 and P4. Splines can be edited after they
have been created using the SPLINEDIT command, Modify Object Spline from the pull-
down menu. Using this command, you can change the tolerance, add more control points,
move control points and close splines, amongst other things. However, if you just want to
move spline control points, it is best to use grips. See the Stretching with Grips section of the
Modifying Objects tutorial for details.

Ellipse Draw>>Ellipse>>Axis, End

The Ellipse command gives you a number of different creation options. The default option is
to pick the two end points of an axis and then a third point to define the eccentricity of the
ellipse. After you have mastered the default option, try out the others

Ellipse Arc Draw>>Ellipse>>Arc

The Ellipse Arc command is very similar to the Ellipse command, described above. The only
difference is that, in addition to specifying the two axis end points and the "distance to other

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axis" point, you are prompted for a start and end angle for the arc. You may specify angles by
picking points or by entering values at the command prompt. Remember that angles are
measured in an anti-clockwise direction, starting at the 3 o'clock position. In truth, the Ellipse
Arc command is not a new or separate command; it is just an option of the Ellipse command
and it therefore has no unique command line name. It is curious why Autodesk considered
this option important enough to give it its own button on the Draw toolbar. Still, there it is

The Point Draw>>Point>>Single Point

The point command will insert a point marker in your drawing at a position which you pick
in the drawing window or at any coordinate location which you enter at the keyboard. The
default point style is a simple dot, which is often difficult to see but you can change the point
style to something more easily visible or elaborate using the point style dialogue box. Points
can be used for "setting out" a drawing in addition to construction lines. You can snap to
points using the Node object snap.

Construction Line

Draw>>Construction Line: (XLINE Enter)

The Construction Line command creates a line of infinite length which passes through
two picked points.

RAY

Draw>>RAY: (RAY Enter)

The Ray command creates a line similar to a construction line except that it extends infinitely
in only one direction from the first pick point. The direction of the Ray is determined by the
position of the second pick point.

Polyline

Draw>>Polyline: (PL Enter)

The Polyline or P line command is similar to the line command except that the resulting
object may be composed of a number of segments which form a single object. In addition to
the two ends a polyline is said to have vertices (singular vertex) where intermediate line
segments join. In practice the Polyline command works in the same way as the Line
command allowing you to pick as many points as you like. Again, just hit Return to end. As
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with the Line command, you also have the option to automatically close a polyline end to
end. To do this, type C to use the close option instead of hitting Return. Follow the command
sequence below to see how this works
Rectangle
Draw>>Rectangle: (REC Center)
The Rectangle command is used to draw a rectangle whose sides are vertical and
horizontal. The position and size of the rectangle are defined by picking two diagonal
corners. The rectangle isn't really an AutoCAD object at all. It is, in fact, just a closed
polyline which is automatically drawn for you.

Rectangle Polygon Draw>>Polygon: (POL Enter)

The Polygon command can be used to draw any regular polygon from 3 sides up to 1024
sides. This command requires four inputs from the user, the number of sides, a pick point for
the centre of the polygon.

Copy
Modify>>Copy: (CO Enter)
The Copy command can be used to create one or more duplicates of any drawing object or
objects which you have previously created. Copy is a very useful and time-saving command
because you can create very complex drawing elements and then simply copy them as many
times as you like.

Mirror
Modify>>Mirror: (MI Enter)
The Mirror command allows you to mirror selected objects in your drawing by picking them
and then defining the position of an imaginary mirror line using two points.

Offset
Modify>>Offset: (O Enter)
Offset is probably one of the most useful commands for constructing drawings. The Offset
command creates a new object parallel to or concentric with a selected object. The new
object is drawn at a user-defined distance (the offset) from the original and in a direction
chosen by the user with a pick point. You can offset lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, 2D polylines,
xlines, rays and planar splines.
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Array
Modify>>Array: (AR Enter)
The Array command makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular matrix
(columns and rows) or a polar (circular) pattern. This command has been completely
transformed in AutoCAD 2000i. It is now completely dialogue box driven with the option to
see a preview of the array before it is created. You can also now create rectangular arrays at a
user specified angle. This constitutes a major improvement in usability.

Move
Modify>>Move: (M Enter)
The Move command works in a similar way to the Copy command except that no copy is
made, the selected object(s) is simply moved from one location to another.

Rotate
Modify>>Rotate: (RO Enter)
The Rotate command allows an object or objects to be rotated about a point selected by the
user. AutoCAD prompts for a second rotation point or an angle which can be typed at the
keyboard.

Scale
Modify>>Scale: (SC Enter)
The Scale command can be used to change the size of an object or group of objects. You are
prompted for a pick point about which the selection set will be scaled. Scaling can then be
completed by picking a second point (not always easy because it can sometimes be difficult
to precisely control the scaling) or by entering a scale factor at the keyboard. For example a
scale factor of 2 will double the size of the objects in the selection set and a factor of 0.5 will
half them

Stretch
Modify>>Stretch: (S Enter)
The Stretch command can be used to move one or more vertices of an object whilst leaving
the rest of the object unchanged. In the example below, a rectangle has been stretched by
moving one vertex to create an irregular shape.
Trim

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Modify>>Trim: (TR Enter)
The Trim command can be used to trim a part of an object. In order to trim an object you
must draw a second object which forms the "cutting edge". Cutting edges can be lines, xlines,
rays, polylines, circles, arcs or ellipses. Blocks and text cannot be trimmed or used as cutting
edges. The illustration on the right shows the Trim command in action.

Extend
Modify>>Extend: (EX Enter)
This command extends a line, polyline or arc to meet another drawing object (known as the
boundary edge). In the illustration on the right, two lines (red) are extended to meet another
line (cyan) which forms the boundary edge. This command works in a similar way to the
Trim command, described above. Two selections are made, one for the boundary edge(s) and
one for the object(s) to extend.

Break
Modify>>Break: (BR Enter)
The Break command enables you to break (remove part of) an object by defining two break
points. In the illustration below, a corner of a rectangle has been removed. The Break
command can be used with lines, polylines, circles, arcs, ellipses, splines, lines and rays.
When you break an object, you can either select the object using the first break point or then
pick the second break point, or you can select the object and then pick the two break points.

Chamfer
Modify>>Chamfer: (CHA Enter)
The Chamfer command enables you to create a chamfer between any two non-parallel lines
as in the illustration below or any two adjacent polyline segments. Usually, the Chamfer
command is used to set the chamfer distances before drawing the chamfer.

Fillet
Modify>>Fillet: (F Enter)
The Fillet command is a very useful tool which allows you to draw an arc between two
intersecting lines or adjacent polyline segments. You first need to use the command to set the
required radius and then a second time to select the two lines.

Explode
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 Modify>>Explode: (EX Enter)
The Explode command is used to "explode" single objects back to their constituent parts. In
other words, the command is used to return blocks, polylines etc. (which may be composed
of a number of component objects) back to their individual component parts. The change has
no visible effect.

Linear Dimension Dimension>>Linear

As the name suggests the Linear dimension commands are used to dimension along straight
lines. There are five linear dimension commands, namely: DIMLINEAR, DIMCONTINUE,
DIMBASELINE, DIMALIGNED and DIMROTATED. The DIMLINEAR command is
probably the most common dimension command you will use.

Linear Dim Aligned Dimension Dimension>>Aligned

You can use this command to generate aligned dimensions. These are dimensions along
inclined lines which cannot be dimensioned with the DIMLINEAR dimension command
because that command will only give a measured dimension in either a horizontal or vertical
direction.

Radial Dimension
There are two main radial dimension commands,
● Diameter
● Radius

Diameter Dimension Dimension>>Diameter

The Diameter command to annotate a circle or an arc with a diameter dimension. To achieve
this simply start the command, pick a point on the circumference of the circle, pick a second
point to determine the length of the leader and then add the dimension text or Return to
accept the default.

Radius Dimension Dimension>>Radius

The Radius command is identical to the Diameter command except that the dimension
measurement is a radius rather than a dimension and the resulting dimension text is prefixed
with a "R" to indicate radius.

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DESIGNED DIAGRAMS:

AutoCAD Exercise Figure – 1

AutoCAD Exercise Figure – 2

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AutoCAD Exercise Figure – 3

AutoCAD Exercise Figure – 4

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CONCLUSION:

The use of the import function in AutoCAD definitely has some advantages. It can help to
reduce the time it takes to produce the drawings needed in the work environment. However if
the individual that has created the imported file does not receive credit for their work,
problems may arise in the future. As well, by using the function people may slowly start to
place a lesser value on the intellectual property of others, which will undoubtedly create
future conflict. The use of the import function may also be relied on heavily in order to create
efficiencies within the industry. This could possibly lead to a decrease in the rate of
innovation. It's obvious that the import function has a place in the building industry, but its
use will have to be regulated in order to create a balance between the negative and the
positive effects it creates.

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REFERENCES:

https://www.educba.com/ www.autocad.com
http://web.mit.edu/1.125/www/Autocad/cp_application.html
https://www.slideshare.net/meganlhanrahan/centennial-transportat
https://www.educba.com/autocad-for-students/
https://www.brainkart.com/article/AutoCAD-2016-interface_37423/

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