CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 8: CHANGES TO MATERIALS

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.1A
Simple chemical reactions
Use the words below to answer the questions. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

carbon dioxide magnesium zinc iron sulfide zinc chloride

magnesium
hydrogen sulfur dioxide oxygen zinc sulfide
chloride

1 When iron reacts with sulfur what is the product?

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2 The product of a reaction is magnesium oxide; what were the reactants?

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3 Which two elements are found in water?

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4 a Which gas is given off when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

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b What is the name of the other product?

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5 When carbon reacts with oxygen when it burns, which gas is formed?

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6 a When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, which gas is given off?

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b Suggest the name of the other product in this reaction.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 8: CHANGES TO MATERIALS

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.1B
Simple chemical reactions
The words below are all concerned with burning.

carbon
air burning magnesium carbon magnesium oxide
dioxide

oxide oxygen sulfur sulfur dioxide product reactant

Choose two words that have a link between them. Set them out as shown below and write the link
between them, such as sulfur reacts with oxygen to make sulfur dioxide.
There are many different ways of linking these words. Use all of the words at least once. Make as many
different links as you can.

1 __________________________________________________________________________________

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2 __________________________________________________________________________________

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3 __________________________________________________________________________________

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4 __________________________________________________________________________________

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5 __________________________________________________________________________________

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6 __________________________________________________________________________________

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7 __________________________________________________________________________________

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8 __________________________________________________________________________________

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9 __________________________________________________________________________________

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10 __________________________________________________________________________________

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.1C
Simple chemical reactions
A simple chemical reaction happens when iron rusts. This happens when iron reacts with the oxygen in
the air to form iron oxide.

iron + oxygen → iron oxide

When this happens the iron changes and so do its properties. A strong iron girder can rust and fall apart.
This could mean that a building collapses. Iron is often painted or coated with another substance, such as
zinc, so that the oxygen cannot reach the iron.
Arun and Sofia have set up an investigation to find out what makes iron rust.

Sofia and Arun predict that the nails in tubes A, B and C will rust because they all have oxygen present.
After a few days they notice that the nail in tube A and the nail in tube C are rusty.
1 What is the chemical name for rust?

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2 Was Sofia and Arun’s prediction correct?

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3 What can you conclude from these results?

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4 What could Sofia and Arun do to the nails to stop them from rusting?

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.2A
Choosing equipment
Choose the equipment you would need to use to accurately neutralise some sodium hydroxide (an alkali)
using hydrochloric acid. Draw a circle around each piece of equipment you will need. Label all the pieces
of equipment.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 7: UNIT 8: CHANGES TO MATERIALS

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.2B
Neutralisation
1 What is neutralisation?

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2 What is produced in the neutralisation reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

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3 You have some acid, some alkali and some indicator solution. Make a plan for how you will make a
neutral solution. List the equipment you will use and explain how and why you carry out each step.
You can draw the equipment if that helps to make your plan clear.

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When you have finished, swap your work with a partner. Assess each other’s work using the table below.

Feature Yes or no?

Has suitable equipment been chosen?

Have some scientific terms been used correctly?

Have safety precautions been taken?

Has some scientific knowledge been used?

Have reasons been given for each step?

Is there an explanation for what happens?

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Describe two things your 1.

partner has done well.

2.

Describe one thing that

your partner could do to
improve their work.

Now look at your own work. Do you agree with the assessment?

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.2C
Neutralisation
Zara has two bottles of sodium hydroxide. They are labelled with the name, but not with a hazard warning
label or how strong they are. She knows that one bottle contains a stronger solution than the other.
1 What safety measures should Zara take in handling these solutions of sodium hydroxide when she
does not know how harmful they might be?

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2 Make a plan to investigate which sodium hydroxide solution is the stronger of the two.

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Zara has done her investigation into these two sodium hydroxide solutions. Here are her results.

20cm3 of Volume of dilute hydrochloric acid used to neutralise the

sodium solution in cm3
hydroxide
1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt Mean

Solution X 10.4 25.6 29.3 27.5

Solution Y 58.5 64.8 61.5 61.6

3 Which is the strongest solution of sodium hydroxide that Zara has?

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4 Explain how Zara knows this.

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5 Now she knows which is the strongest solution, what labels should Zara put on the bottles?

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6 Explain why Zara has written the mean for solution X as 27.5 and not as 21.8.

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7 Zara has given her volumes to 1 decimal place. Explain how she was able to be so accurate with her
measurements.

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8 How did Zara know when to stop adding more acid?

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9 Why did Zara repeat her neutralisations?

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.3A
Investigation terms
The terms in the table are all used when we talk about investigations. Complete the table to describe what
each term means.

Terms Description

prediction

variable

reliable

evidence

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Terms Description

fair test

data

conclusion

risk assessment

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.3B
Investigation skills
Marcus and Arun put some powdered metal into a test tube containing hydrochloric acid. There were a lot
of bubbles as a gas was given off. They decided to see what would happen if they added more and more
of the powdered metal. There was so much fizzing that the contents of the test tube spilled over.
They decided to carry out a more careful investigation. They thought that the more powdered metal they
added, the quicker the reaction would take place. They decided to measure the quantity of powdered
metal by using a spatula.
1 What variable should they change?

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2 Which variables should they keep the same?

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3 Make a list of the equipment they will need.

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Here are the data they collected.

Number of spatulas of powdered metal Time for all bubbles to stop in seconds
added to 10 cm3 hydrochloric acid

1 102

2 62

3 43

4 29

5 18

6 12

7 13

8 12

4 Plot a graph using these data, and draw a line of best fit. Put the number of spatulas on the x-axis and
the time on the y-axis.

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5 Was Marcus and Arun’s prediction correct?

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6 Describe the graph and explain what it shows.

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Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet: 8.3C
Investigation skills
Marcus and Arun put some powdered metal into a test tube containing hydrochloric acid. There were a lot
of bubbles as a gas was given off. They decided to see what would happen if they added more and more
of the powdered metal. There was so much fizzing that the contents of the test tube spilled over.
They decided to carry out a more careful investigation. They thought that the more powdered metal they
added, the quicker the reaction would take place. They decided to measure the quantity of powdered
metal by using a spatula.
1 What useful information did Marcus and Arun’s first attempt at this investigation give them?

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2 Write a detailed plan for their investigation. Remember to include a list of equipment and to make it
clear how they will make this test fair.

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These are the data they collected:

Number of spatulas of Time for all bubbles to stop in seconds

powdered metal added to
10cm3 hydrochloric acid 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt Mean

1 102 98 99

2 62 60 59

3 43 42 45

4 29 34 26

5 18 16 20

6 12 11 12

7 13 12 12

8 12 12 12

3 Calculate the mean times taken.

4 Plot the data on graph paper, and draw a line of best fit.
5 Describe the graph and explain what it shows.

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6 Explain to what extent the prediction made by Marcus and Arun was right or wrong.

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Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 7 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 20