Chemistry 0620/4

Paper 4(extended) 1hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the question paper

No additional materials required

Candidate name

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name in the space provided.

Write in dark blue or black pen.

You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.

A copy of the Periodic Table is provided.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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Question 1

(a) Ammonia is made by the Haber process.

(i)Write an equation for the formation of ammonia in the Haber process.

______________________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) State the essential conditions for the Haber process.

______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ [3]
(b) Ammonia is used to make fertilisers.
(i) Explain why farmers use fertilisers.

_______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii) Many fertilisers are ammonium salts.
Explain why adding calcium hydroxide to the soil can cause the loss of nitrogen from the
ammonium salts added as fertilisers.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ [2]

(c) (i) Sulphuric acid is a strong acid. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
What do you understand by the terms strong acid and weak acid?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(ii) Compare and explain the difference in the electrical conductivity between a strong and
a weak acid.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(iii) Dilute solution of sulphuric acid contains hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions and sulphate
ions. When this solution is electrolysed, hydrogen gas is formed at the cathode and oxygen
gas is formed at the anode.
Explain why hydrogen is formed at the cathode.

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_______________________________________________________________________ [1]

(iv) Write the ionic equation for the reaction at the anode.

_______________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 12]
Question 2

(a) Blue diamonds are an impure form of carbon. Part of the structure of a blue diamond is
shown below.

Blue diamonds have a high melting point and can conduct electricity.
Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why blue diamonds have a high melting
point.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ [2]

(b) Normal diamonds are a pure form of carbon. They do not conduct electricity.
(i) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why normal diamonds do not conduct
electricity.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[1]
(ii) Suggest why blue diamonds can conduct electricity.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[1]
(c) Graphite is another pure form of carbon. Suggest two reasons why graphite is often
used as an electrode in electrolysis.

______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ [2]
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(d) In terms of bonding, explain why carbon tetra chloride does not conduct electricity.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 8]
Question 3

(a) Nitric oxide, NO, is an atmospheric pollutant formed inside car engines by the reaction
between nitrogen and oxygen.

This reaction is endothermic.

(i) Explain the meaning of the term endothermic.

_______________________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) Complete the energy profile diagram for the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen.
On your diagram label the
• product,
• activation energy, Ea,
• enthalpy change for the reaction

[3]
(b) Calculate the mass of nitric oxide formed when 100 g of nitrogen reacts completely with
oxygen.

______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

mass of nitric oxide = ................................... g [3]

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(c) Explain how the speed of reaction between nitrogen and oxygen changes when the
pressure of the gaseous mixture is increased from 1 atmosphere to 10 atmospheres.

______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ [3]
[Total: 10]
Question 4
(a) The elements in Group 17 of the Periodic Table are called the halogens.
Explain why the elements in Group17 have similar chemical properties.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(b) A redox reaction happens when chlorine gas is bubbled through aqueous potassium
iodide.
Cl2 + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2(g)
(i) Describe what is observed during this reaction.
_____________________________________________________________________________

[1]
(ii) Use the equation to explain that oxidation takes place in this reaction.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(iii) Use the equation to explain that reduction takes place in this reaction.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(c) Describe the chemical test for chlorine gas.
test _____________________________________________________________________
observation
________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ [2]
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(d) Chlorine reacts with iron to form Iron(III) chloride in a closed container.
(i) The pressure of chlorine gas is increased.
Describe and explain what happens to the rate of this reaction.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(ii) Iron(III) chloride can act as a catalyst for some reactions.
Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
Total [10]
Question 5
Copper pyrites is an ore containing compounds of copper. One of the compounds in the ore is
CuFeS2.
(a) Calculate the mass of copper in 20.0 tonnes of CuFeS2. (1 tonne =1000Kg)
Mass of copper __________________tonnes [2]
(b) CuFeS2 is heated in air. Copper(II) oxide, iron(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide are formed.
Construct the equation for this reaction.
_______________________________________________________________________ [2]
(c) Copper(II) oxide can be reduced by heating with carbon to form copper.
Construct the equation for this reaction.
_______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(d) Copper made by this reduction is impure.
Impure copper can be purified using electrolysis.
(i) Name the electrolyte used.
_______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii) What are the electrodes made from?
positive electrode (anode) _________________________________________________ [1]

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negative electrode (cathode) ________________________________________________ [1]
(iii) Write the equations for the reactions at both electrodes.
positive electrode (anode) __________________________________________________[1]
negative electrode (cathode) _______________________________________________ [1]
[Total: 10]
Question 6
A scientist investigates the reaction of iron with steam in a closed system.
A dynamic equilibrium mixture is established.
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(a) Explain why the concentrations of steam and of hydrogen do not change once the
dynamic equilibrium mixture has been established.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[1]
(b) The pressure of the equilibrium mixture is increased. The temperature of the closed
system is kept constant. Predict and explain what will happen, if anything, to the composition
of the equilibrium mixture.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[2]
(c) The temperature of the equilibrium mixture is increased. The pressure within the closed
system is kept constant.
(i) The position of equilibrium shifts to the left hand side.
What conclusion can be made about the enthalpy change of the reaction?
______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii) Describe and explain what happens to the rate of reaction.
______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(d) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with Fe3O4 to form three compounds, A, B and C.
• A is iron(II) sulphate.
• B is iron(III) sulphate.
• C is a colourless liquid.
(i) Name compound C.
_______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii) Construct the equation for this reaction.
_______________________________________________________________________ [2]
(iii) Describe a chemical test for iron(III) ions.
test ____________________________________________________________________[1]
observation
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
[Total: 11]
Question 7
Methanesulfonic acid has the structure shown.

(a) Write the molecular formula for methanesulfonic acid.

____________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(b) What is the difference between an aqueous acid and an aqueous alkali, in terms of the ions
present in them?
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(c) What is the mass of methanesulfonic acid needed to make 150 cm3 of a 0.150 mol / dm3
solution?
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(d) Some properties of the group15 elements are shown.

Use the information in the table.

(i) Predict the physical state of nitrogen at –200°C.
Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(ii) Predict the melting point of arsenic.
_______________________________________________________________________ [1]
(e) Use the information in the table to explain how the structure and bonding in nitrogen
differ from the structure and bonding in bismuth.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 10]
Question 8
(a) Antimony, Sb, reacts with chlorine to form antimony(III) chloride.
Construct the equation for this reaction.
_____________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) (i) Chromium is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group 1 of the Periodic
Table.
Explain how both chromium and sodium conduct electricity.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
(ii) Describe two differences in the physical properties of chromium and sodium.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]

(c ) (i) An alloy of iron and chromium is stronger than pure iron.

Use ideas about the structure of metals to explain why the alloy is stronger.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]

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(ii) Adding dilute acid to yellow CrO42-(aq) forms orange Cr2O72-(aq).
The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

Describe and explain what you would observe when a few drops of concentrated
aqueous sodium hydroxide are added to the orange solution.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2]
[Total 9]

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