Year 10 TEST - TOPIC 3 CHEMISTRY

MESAIEED INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

NAME_____________________________________________

DATE______________________________________________

TEACHER__________________________________________

Q1.Electrons, neutrons and protons are sub-atomic particles.

(a)           Complete the six spaces in the following table.

 
Name of sub-atomic Relative mass Relative charge
particle

____________________ 1 ____________________

____________________ ____________________ 0

____________________ _____________________
 

(3)

(b)     An aluminium atom has 13 electrons. How are these arranged in shells around the
nucleus?

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(1)

(c)     Chromium atoms have 24 protons and 28 neutrons.

(i)      How many electrons does each neutral chromium atom have?

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(1)

(ii)     What is the mass number of chromium?

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(1)

(d)     What change occurs to an atom which undergoes the process of reduction in a
chemical reaction?

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(1)

(e)     The diagram shows part of the ionic lattice of a sodium chloride crystal.

          Explain why the ions in this lattice stay in place.

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(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Q2.
(i)      Complete the drawing to show the electron structure of a hydrogen fluoride
molecule. Draw electrons as dots or crosses.

 
(1)

(ii)      Explain why hydrogen fluoride is a gas at room temperature.

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(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q3.
Chlorine will combine with the non-metal element, carbon, to form this molecular
compound.

(a)     What is the type of bond in this molecule?

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(1)

(b)     Explain how these bonds are formed. (You may use a diagram).

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(2)
(Total 3 marks)

Q4.
(a)     Copper is a metal.
Explain how it conducts electricity.

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(2)

(b)     Graphite is a non-metal.

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          Use the information to explain why graphite conducts electricity.

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(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q5. The diagrams show the giant structures of sodium chloride and diamond.

          sodium chloride (melting point 801°C)                     diamond (melting point 4800°C)

(a)     The equation shows how sodium choride could be formed.

          Balance the equation.

Na          +          Cl2           →               Na Cl

(1)

(b)     By reference to the detailed structure of sodium chloride explain fully why:

(i)      sodium chloride has a quite high melting point,

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          ______________________________________________________________

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(1)

(ii)     solid sodium chloride melts when it is heated strongly,

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(2)

(iii)     molten sodium chloride will conduct electricity.

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(1)

(c)     By reference to the detailed structure of diamond, explain why the melting point of
diamond, is higher than that of sodium chloride.

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(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q6.
(a)     The diagrams below show the electronic structure of a magnesium atom and a
magnesium ion.

          What is the charge on the magnesium ion? _______________________________

(2)

(b)     Calcium bromide has the formula CaBr2.

Page 5 of 13
           What does this tell you about the ions in this compound?

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(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q7.
The questions which follow refer to the element hydrogen.

(a)     Draw a diagram to show the bonding in one molecule of hydrogen.

 
(2)

(b)     The table gives information about two compounds which contain hydrogen.

          Use the information in the table to explain why it is difficult to classify hydrogen as a
metal or a non metal.

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(4)
(Total 6 marks)

Q8.
(a)     The diagram shows part of the ionic lattice of a sodium chloride crystal.

(i)      Complete the spaces in the table to give information about both of the ions in
this lattice.
 
Name of ion Charge

__________________________ __________________________

__________________________ __________________________
(2)

(ii)     When it is solid, sodium chloride will not conduct electricity. However, molten
sodium chloride will conduct electricity. Explain this difference.

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(2)

(iii)     Complete the sentence.

         Sodium chloride conducts electricity when it is molten and when it is

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(1)

(b)     The symbol for a calcium atom can be shown like this:

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(i)      What is the mass number of this atom?

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(1)

(ii)     What information is given by the mass number?

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(1)

(c)     Calcium burns in oxygen with a brick-red flame. The product is a white solid. It is
calcium oxide and its formula is CaO.

(i)      Balance the chemical equation for the reaction.

                   Ca(s)  +  O2(g)  →  CaO(s)

(1)

(ii)     Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens to a calcium atom when it

becomes a calcium ion.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Page 8 of 13
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a)     proton + (1)
both required

neutron 1
both required

electron – (1)
both required
3

(b)     2.8.3
accept words or diagram to this effect
1

          (c)     (i)      24

1

(ii)     52
1

(d)     any one of

•        gains one or more electrons

accept gains an electron

•        becomes an anion

do not credit becomes an ion

•        becomes a negative ion

1

(e)     sodium ions have a (single) positive

charge and chloride ions have a
(single) negative charge
do not credit ‘chlorine ions’ but
allow this error to be carried forward
1

          ions with opposite charge are

attracted (to each other)
or the positive ions and the negative ions are attracted (to
each other)
or the sodium ions and the chloride ions are attracted (to
each other)
1

          (positive and negative) ions are

arranged alternatively (in each
direction or dimension)
or ions with the same charge are repelled (by each other) no
mark for just ionic bonds
1
[10]
Q2.
(i)      1

(ii)      weak forces

accept weak bonds
1

          between molecules / intermolecular

reject intramolecular
1
[3]

Q3.
(a)     covalent bonds
for 1 mark
1

(b)     any reference to shared electrons

gains 1 mark

          but idea that bond is shared pair of electrons

gains 2 marks
2
[3]

Q4.
(a)     idea that

•        copper has free electrons / electrons that move

throughout the structure
gains 1 mark

          but

•        in copper, electrons from the highest (occupied) energy

level /outer shell, are
free / can move throughout the structure
gains 2 marks
2

(b)     idea that

•        in graphite, only three bonds are formed by each carbon atom
 for 1 mark

•        one outer electron (per atom), free to move

for 1 mark

•        an electric current is a flow of (free) electrons*

for 1 mark

          (* this mark to be given in either (a) or (b) but not in both)
3
[5]

Q5.
(a)     2 Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl
allow 2 Na+ Cl– for 1 mark
(allow Na + ½Cl2 → Na Cl)
1

(b)     (i)      idea that

•        it has strong (attractive) forces/bonds between ions / charged

particles
for 1 mark

         (not ‘..it has a rigid structure’- this defines a solid or ‘...particles
close together’ – they are in a liquid)
1

(ii)     ideas that

•        there is increased vibration of ions / particles on heating

•        ions have sufficient energy to overcome attractive forces / to

break out of the

•        rigid structure / to move about

         (must be in terms of increased energy of particles lions)

each for 1 mark
2

(iii)     •        ions can go to electrodes / ions are free to move

for 1 mark
[do not credit ‘ions carry charges’]
1

(c)     ideas that

•        it has stronger attractive forces between atoms/particles (not ‘ions’)

•        each carbon atom forms covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms
each for 1 mark
2
[7]

Q6.
 (a)     positive / + / 2
gains 1 mark

          but 2+ / ++ / +2
gains 2 marks
2

(b)     Ideas that: 2

Ca2+
Br- [Do not disqualify for "bromine" ions]
Ions / They are in the ratio 1:2
any two for 1 mark each
2
[4]

Q7.
(a)     correct representation of 1 atom of hydrogen e.g.

 
gains 1 mark

          but correct representation of 1 molecule of hydrogen e.g. or H-H

 
gains 2 marks
2

(b)     idea that:

hydrogen/metals form positive ions/lose electrons
gains 1 mark

          but hydrogen and the metals form positive ions/lose electrons
gains 2 marks

          hydrogen/non-metals form covalent bonds/share electrons

gains 1 mark

          but hydrogen and the non-metals form covalent bonds/share electrons
gains 2 marks
4
[6]

Q8.
(a)     (i)      sodium........ positive or +
both required
1

         chloride... negative or –

 both required
do not credit chlorine
1

(ii)     ions not free (to move) in solid crystal / lattice

ions are free to move when sodium chloride is molten

1

or ions are mobile

do not credit when ions are molten
allow 'particles' for ions (1) mark
do not credit electrons etc
1

(iii)     dissolved in water

or in aqueous solution
accept in solution
accept in water
or when a gas/ vapour or solid it will not
1

(b)     (i)      40
1

(ii)     (total) number of protons and neutrons (in the nucleus)

1

(c)     (i)      2Ca + O2 -+ 2CaO

accept any 2n   :   n   :    2n ratio
do not credit if any other change has been made
1

(ii)     any two from

         electron(s) is / are lost

         from the outer shell / orbit / ring

or from the shell furthest the nucleus
or from the 4th shell

         two / both (electrons are lost)

accept two electrons are lost for (2)marks
accept both electrons are lost from the
atom for (1) mark
2
[10]