University Predictor Examination 2018

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UPE Subject: CHEMISTRY PAPER 1(Inorganic & Physical)

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Date of exam:

Length of Exam: 1 hour

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Additional material if appropriate: e.g. formula booklets, key texts, periodic tables etc.

Periodic table

Specific advice to candidates if required:

1. Read the question carefully before you start to answer it.

2. Try to answer every question
3. Check your answers if you have time at the end
4. Write in black pen

Section A Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 O5 Section B Total

43 Marks 12 Marks
 SECTION A
1. (a) On gentle heating, the compound KClO3 reacts as shown in the equation:

4KClO3(s)  KCl(s) + 3KClO4(s)

(i) Explain the redox behavior of KClO3 in this reaction in terms of the change of
oxidation states during the reaction.

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(3)
(ii) What is the systematic name for KClO4?

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(1)

(b) A deficiency of iodine in a person’s diet can lead to various medical problems. In
many countries, table salt (sodium chlodide) is “iodised” by adding small amounts of
either potassium iodate(V) or potassium iodide.

(i) Aqueous iodide ions react with aqueous silver nitrate. Describe what is observed
and write an ionic equation for the reaction between iodide ions and aqueous silver
nitrate, giving state symbols.

Observation ___________________________________________________________

Ionic equation

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(3)

(ii) Some students investigated a sample of iodised table salt. They realised that the
reaction in (b) part (i) of this question may not be useful in telling whether iodide ions
are present.

Suggest why this is so.

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(1)
 (c) This part of the question is about the chemical properties of chlorine, sodium
fluoride and sodium iodide.

Sodium fluoride reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid in a different way from
sodium iodide.

Write an equation for this reaction of sodium fluoride and explain why fluoride
ions react differently from iodide ions.

Equation __________________________________________________________

Explanation _______________________________________________________

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(3)

(Total 11 marks)

2. For many years, swimming pool water has been treated with chlorine gas. The chlorine is
added to kill any harmful bacteria unintentionally introduced by swimmers. Pool managers are
required to check that the chlorine concentration is high enough to kill the bacteria without
being a health hazard to the swimmers.

When chlorine reacts with water in the absence of sunlight, the chlorine is both
oxidised and reduced and an equilibrium is established.

(a) Write an equation for this equilibrium.

For each chlorine-containing species in the equation, write the oxidation state of
chlorine below the species.

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(2)
 (b) The pool manager maintains the water at a pH slightly greater than 7.0

Explain how this affects the equilibrium established when chlorine is added to
water.

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(2)

(c) Explain why chlorine is used to kill bacteria in swimming pools, even though
chlorine is toxic.

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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

3. (a) A sample of sulfur consisting of three isotopes has a relative atomic mass of 32.16.
The following table gives the relative abundance of two of these isotopes.

Mass number of 32 33
isotope

Relative abundance / 91.0 1.8

%

Use this information to determine the relative abundance and hence the mass
number of the third isotope.
Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Mass number = ____________________

(4)
 (b) Describe how ions are formed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer.

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(2)

(c) A TOF mass spectrometer can be used to determine the relative molecular
mass of molecular substances.

Explain why it is necessary to ionise molecules when measuring their mass in a

TOF mass spectrometer.

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

4. (a) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction with enthalpy change
equal to the standard enthalpy of formation for CF4(g).

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(1)

(b) Explain why CF4 has a bond angle of 109.5°.

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(2)
(c) Table 1 gives some values of standard enthalpies of formation (ΔfHϴ).

Table 1

Substance F2(g) CF4(g) HF(g)

ΔfHϴ / kJ 0 −680 −269

mol−1

The enthalpy change for the following reaction is −2889 kJ mol−1.

C2H6(g) + 7F2(g) 2CF4(g) + 6HF(g)

Use this value and the standard enthalpies of formation in Table 1 to calculate
the standard enthalpy of formation of C2H6(g).

Standard enthalpy of formation of C2H6(g) = ____________________ kJ mol−1

(3)

(d) Methane reacts violently with fluorine according to the following equation.

CH4(g) + 4F2(g) CF4(g) + 4HF(g) ΔH = −1904 kJ mol−1

Some mean bond enthalpies are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Bond C−H C−F H−F

Mean bond enthalpy / 412 484 562

kJ mol−1

A student suggested that one reason for the high reactivity of fluorine is a weak
F−F bond.

Is the student correct? Justify your answer with a calculation using these data.

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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
5. Methanol, for use as a fuel, can be produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide
with hydrogen.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH = –90 kJ mol–1

The reaction is typically carried out at 300 °C and 3 × 107 Pa, in the presence of a
catalyst.

(a) The graph shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for a mixture of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen at 300 °C.

(i) Sketch a second curve on the graph to show the distribution of molecular
energies in this mixture at a higher temperature.
(1)

(ii) Explain with reference to both curves on the graph how a small change in
temperature leads to a large change in the rate of reaction.

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(2)
(b) Both the rate of production and equilibrium yield of methanol are considered
when choosing the most appropriate conditions for the operation of this process
on an industrial scale.

(i) State and explain the effect of a higher pressure on the equilibrium yield
of methanol.

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(3)

(ii) By considering both rate and yield, state why the reaction is carried out at
a temperature of 300 °C rather than at a higher temperature.

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
 SECTION B
Answer All Questions
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Continues on Next Page

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