| REPRODUCTION Reprod. dion Oh dhavaderislic. jealuse d) bwsing Xqartams, ‘oy whieh They Produce ns yy r Own, Apeded. ~> RNproduciion endures dk Ye ag pared on te Ye Wek genexahrog Rene We xace, > Tere Se yendamental ees 8 Teprodrtion \e Sena} and SORTA SMA Veproduritin Arenal Xe, spcadudiy APE a pu Mt , Cems gene ove and moirnkouw Ye We pod dlion & nu organtam Elko Fite anweyemant maha ea Tube qx Leptoduthion eh) Cd Niarishon 43 See ie o% amibiélic on niu > Aseruad Ceprodudlion can take is Furion (eines, jurion , \ Lata Repagilien , xesprerction ” nooie | \ Barton — Arexual + eprodarition by Yarton CON OCeuy by Two meang.@ | SBnagy YEO — Te sede call Aviles te hun cy © ME econ, Satie, Janotable condition’ “un undealuday Sganams bike doodles , Wurameeaany Fualona ae. Sas mash common tn baitoria 5) Multiple Pin — yy ‘whe number 4 dastes 8h Whe ys ) doluion gy We paar) body Stgasxuams ; paren rucles dawiden Repedladl. 4 B® common, mode Q veprodsdiion » aN wmohariah Parag (Pos enodiassn) wdhen ul ronded he RRC g mon . 5 Y | *. Budding ~ 4, Sudiing » Mee new individual | QE a gy, outarouty from the pare. 8) Yeoit 4. uneslhular segrams bhe eat a | bad Ma os @ smal) ete ‘om he Aye es abl ah SE Hee sa ) ad a On Wybso., oO louse ke A) Lay Qs Yaak 4 rapedtied milslic dovuniong Wd gyouwn on Vow pore, boda.Fig. 6.1. Amoeba - binary fission Multiple fission In multiple fission, many individuals are formed fy. asingle parent (Fig. 6.2). This type of reproduction; multiple fission occurs during unfavourable conditx 64, 6. Schizont C066 % ’ Site Mitosis yo Fi 8. 6.2, Multiple fission in Plasmodiu'™ Tn ry ‘Seanned with CamScannerFig. 6.3. Budding in Hydra cell may produce 1-3 buds which may further bear buds. ‘All these remain attached for some time. This condition is called torula stage (Fig. 6.4). Cytoplasm food bodies Fig. 6.4. Budding in yeast Single cell Nucleus ‘Vacuole & Reserve ‘Scanned with CamScanner Ri fri of pc istFig. 6.3, Budding in Hydra cell may produce 1-3 buds which may further bear buds. d By - Sy Ry Aho. advexiinug mn cee Sarg alow he Neanvenn older O) Yor Menge. ing {owourable Conditions , dexqround Atom, AX Potala , onion, and uo axial stern Oy | (wale Iuyacinty yi dis telps ko ndhatd, ete ain, eeFig. 6.9. Leaf of BryophyllumScale Base Fleshy Scaleleaf ef Seale a Base of Seale _ Scale Leaf [Root @) ©) ei. _ (ei FO Underground modifications of stem.— (a) Rhizome of Ginger. (b) Corm of Ya Bulb of Onion (cii) V.S. bulb, (a) Tuber of potato. ‘Scanned with CamScanner0) > decal weak dems kke fumes and stolons ; Laney “hey uda Whe. axound que 4 cdvwilitious toh. agound wabyicdlioss other S d? eo Be Pirorecta Ya if cotton Glad have adveitstious eat PY OF dads Had deaap isto “Y' Quon, cox, awesk octits : een) Re pelalle | Malia. munrroun , wUladtonia Cadi bud), “ Adhigical Veaaddine Rrogaaion hones Vealabine Pogagaion I Pradiced toy ax dened aryh hoilLurlkusut, mule ae Commercial cee ge Male apr i PWROAD: Some jy Ye Common anodes| Grating Sok a tedsigye & Niag © yl Qe sd On he % days lad ao thar hay ule ad go | gre and SE alas grated on uk ag called Acion, ‘ sock author and qeeralby ueare Yeirlant, Ma Ae ghar Which seca done - > Son ig a Hom. aathing, Yom a glanr Qh des erable Nowiely Keo post having Supurior qyalsky, \yunk or Lowers, > Grraghing B® done un a ‘ Acton Ad im daxede conlade Uy) ‘ They YOR ad oe lant. x Lglem 9) lade and the Ahodt Syilom 4 Adon. => Orang ® wed to obtain & phat wily dairae Onoxadlexs. Advan > Gralking MA Commons wired Yo Lmprove TheFig. 6.10. Grafting of two related varieties of plants ‘Scanned with CamScannerNowy Oy oe She wap, hus, apple. ae > Dy deren Vaxuikies % eae Cam be, a on We fame abode ie ) Cubs, >G oo PARted, oO Yhe lod which could be a tern, Yat. ~ When Aha © flased, in aude conditions Slee ve and gyow cdo a npn ee * Xample WER, cour SSS ese, hibucus. iti) | | Peduce qodth while Brod Wh attadred Some plan’ gb can be done ‘oy too matrods 9) di \ayeing > TRA melhod WB Aiable Jor Lath pla, Nake, Lams Wsaay ae. ne ro Oe Grand irdled by 4h bad Sane eda | i 3 te wh BOace UA covered wilh mask sok and wtagped. woth polrens « iePISUIVUUOS. GH IaAYOtrbiy aii’ riVuitu ‘Scanned with CamScanner@ 9 fer a8 wed, Whe L084 grou yom the a ends Now Ye lbrandh usith neu Yoo can be detached Yom We poseat_phast and gxown. 0 Mound layering > dn Yon © Ywedble rand of the stem ub deinmed Y WB aide randhes ond lrawes. The lrandy id bert te Yo Ayound heoedk ond buried abouk 4-8 om beneath Ye doh Leaning Ye. qrewsing Jip emgoaed aloove The Aol: > der romdime Yee Yods, anow {yom he brandk ‘iho The acd. > Now Wy, han Can Te ak yom the paren pla and nade th QkOw 8 ew andependon pant: > Wes mahod 3h Wed on \Amne | Nrawberr » Magna. de: 4. Spore Aormalion > 8 the mod common Tape adeno) Leprodudion 40 majority Oh qumge ond badloria she Spores develog in a Mradaue olled rootans : Walkin the Apotangium oO rudens dinides SwUah, ‘Larner produ. Ame “MA NoMeroud tuePUG Ee preteen ernie ee ee gn : ~ New plant Mound LayeringSporangium Sporangiophore Stolon Rhizoid Fig. 6.7. Spore formation in fungi@® | > Kod cud along sith Jiblle bie akoaloam derdops duno A Apoye: >a APNE 3d A Rolh MAUToACOpKe AYUdULE Usith Oo Yoicle voll Aol protads ksh ak come \élo workadr wih omsther pgs AWC and Con ‘bedun, ‘Ks. gino: ‘ico popaggilion X new ghana from doldhed. phan yee RES A plat Hts no gana | medium. 35 Med mioroorepaackion ov Timue culliure . > Some phox ADs oy ‘iat Fan from the Tip A the hawk and put ink a aulkable duntodlic medium under Merle condibons. 5S Tusue cubbuxe C > he Produdion > We plank timue devehops yer a lular mons called callus. => The call 33 Vromajormed Xe ansthex medium, conten’ ng, auitdele ask hormone Jor grroustla & dinveveriliatin ook apres pas. > he Pats Produced axe, trompladted inks pat or Aoi), whexe Ahoy CON grou bo form ae he “Kedonigne 2B abro Vonown ad MLKoRLOPAA D1) . Jun Vitro became ‘dr tales place oubithe the ‘aod 4 ‘Soanned with CamSeannerCand Isolated cells @” &. Excised > piece of i leaf Fig. 6.12. Plant tissue culture technique ‘Scanned with CamScanneree ee @ paxene ask soy Lei Vwhe wang ox axibays ta) medisan > Ws % ured yor Ahe prods dion DL orramerta) gow, Ake orduds Deldio, ete: Searah Teprodurdiion =H Anwoloes the {WH of qansler dyorn Ueno dyyererd, Foret ond veull in Ane Aernckisn 6 ew vegas (dial Sucre Yor poxent, > Tuwmolyey Jhso garetts ° Sauron AOE, SVR ynale. ond Yale. ; > Eady Part producer Agedah Aen cel, called, Qader - Make gaméia ag « £3 So ob ager and. Lemale Gamdle, as ovum, vee an i oe > The buon Y mole ond female Jenahe xowi Ahe jotmalion OT} Ande, ceed, dix oid ZeyQdle : > The aygale underapes Repeated, mibhic, dinidions curd, {ews inl am emboryo thah Ge XSe Lo Wullicdlulor yoni by wh ONAK ethichion: “Yea oh Eeilihization ) External yerblinckon - When “ne, wiiizalion Takes Pate oukide he. teody. oh oxgosiam ws cabled we& = : a 7 edlorna obadlion O im Yshet and Wom. | » Yilernah, pabdindio n - When Yre {prization Valier qe | ke Ake odd Of Jamas ww called achernal | Aplization lun gamthworm neds, bucky 1 mnarnmna)s Aedudiing Yuma beings. Serra) Reprodackion Ww Toab, > The Cprodudive pars q Yowerk.ng qhankh oxe docated on Van. ower. > Ve dayjoresth parks oy We Power Ox gepala , patala, Kamenr and Laipehs. > The Tproduidline party of Ye. power ui, porsers The Aen cally ov quien cela called Aamen, yp Laxpals. > omen Coated guvdxoeciusmn) Produce male, Sue CU in the pollen, grain. 5 Coxpela C cale.\ Qynoeciunyn) produce, \ernohe Acne, cols un ovuler Amide ovaries, =5° Slowerk arsine, athe Atament or carps axe calle undsonuah. eg - footle quurd. ond papaya:Pollen grains h Stamen Fig. 6.13. Structure of a typical flower ‘Scanned with CamScannerStamen Fig. 6,1 Petia aon oe Complete flower (b) Incomplete flower ‘Seanned with CamScannerO | Seas Yasin, bath he stomen and cared. axe © Ritual - 4s Qataa, The proces “ Aeaal sepradisdhion can be divided Inks \he ‘plowing eps: D Pollination d Yordthizalion Polinction — 4b ay “he Troyer golden agains Yom So Magma; Weer, X Polkindtion a Say Pallindlion — apy ‘Ramajer 0} the Pollard rom author Signa 6) he Aung flower or Te Ane Agra. 4} Onsthex jouer, o\ Yo. Aame plant. b Cross Pallundtion - Te teomjox of Yoe pollen, -{xorn the anthex VO Hew to the. shame Of Qnathex ower o} ® derek gail Sf Me ame, Apacer, Feidiigalion in ChathStigma Embryo sac Synergids Petal Sepal Fig. 6.22, Pollination and fertilization ‘Seanned with CamScanner@ i | pron below : %) des Pollenahion , 0 gallon luke ‘is generale’, oy pollen | , | 5 Fook pollen tube har tase make i} hea “eo male gama ond Keocdres “ee He we uly rou & Amalh sBtng Calked. Weroadle. ™ Gamale axe Proluced Wrough & Proce called geiot, Wale gamle cy and goa. cally aati only ane ak *Y dexemorome Chaplsa), > 4y jfowering plowh , seam axe produced snails aes pollen Qiang Produrced un he. anther, > da 4d otoduced JAK} F im ae t ide an unbbryo Age un each Struduxe A the ovule > dn oul, 3s on egg Ahaped aXrudure dllached by a Nalk_ to Yre innex side d\ oe gnony, ‘seannedChalaza Nucellus Integuments Antipodal cells Central cell Embryo sae Egg (oosphere) . Synergids Micropyle Fig. 6.20. Structure of an ovule ‘Scanned with CamScanner>The embryorae componed 3) gosneho phsfle ads. The maior oT Qoworng plat Inox ay gary SSS conating § Awan cols ond sak, wud. > get Yenake gomlocite uadexapes dered Jy d Wie eal Lantons Jo yom igh rudeate Atoge y emibtyodae . 2A Yrere one Vor aardlcad eh), San tos ek ME tige A corona too wdee, called golax Duched: Tee LY move Lo ward, top end called ouilipodaks Coded dyneraias and one ll. > Cllr on the Aurjace Ae Mama rccrds 0 xh = Auman de other sulosbarces, Tso wil bole ake Felengiain. to oernimate Thon tk FU alan Anke. 4 ‘wax tas rade. Soon ote Ne Big 6 Me. pales tite cfle she emery dnc,@ Ye and 3 Ye Taloe Cuphures and dearer Yoo tive j. eee Uovot yo > Double Jolakigahion OWA “yn dower: ghar. (> Dowie Ylliadion, ndudet fag {wien ynapng and Tighe yuiion, > 8 ‘ : . SRQE, A usion ene male gamate wilh Ihe 24-2 to joven & agate « whide iy dials ond ater Soviding resk uw fora take NG ee Tine cap ath had been jolie the tig Relax nuda Goabkine fo yom 0 Sage Justo aden, Wage RON yy, yuslon eS > The ovax, Vigena ano a wu, ™ Tre seed us) weitrallas qurmingle ond he endryo wilh Ykow ike a Neu lait,Seed ‘coat Plumule Hypocotyl -radicle axis Hilum Micropyle Cotyledon Fig. 6.23. Structure of seed