Department of Information Technology

Library Hour Report

Academic Year : 2022-23

DATE: 29/03/23
NAME OF STUDENT: Parul Kakade
CLASS: TE B ROLL NO.: 35
TITLE OF BOOK/JOURNAL/MAGAZINE
REFERRED: Big Data, Black Book
NAME OF AUTHOR(S): DT Editorial Services
TOPIC: Chi squared test

Summary/Abstract :
chi-squared test, also called chi-square test, a hypothesis-testing method in
which observed frequencies are compared with expected frequencies for
experimental outcomes.In hypothesis testing, data from a sample are used to draw
conclusions about a population parameter or a population probability distribution.
First, a tentative assumption is made about the parameter or distribution. This
assumption is called the null hypothesis and is denoted by H0. The hypothesis-
testing procedure involves using sample data to determine whether H0 can be
rejected. If H0 is rejected, the statistical conclusion is that the alternative
hypothesis Ha is true.

The chi-squared test is such a hypothesis test. First, one selects a p-value, a
measure of how likely the sample results are to fall in a predicted range, assuming
the null hypothesis is true; the smaller the p-value, the less likely the sample
results are to fall in a predicted range.

One then calculates the chi-squared value. The formula for the chi-squared test
isχ2 = Σ(Oi − Ei)2/Ei,where χ2 represents the chi-squared value, Oi represents the
observed value, Ei represents the expected value , and the symbol Σ represents the
summation of values for all i. One then looks up in a table the chi-squared value
that corresponds to the chosen p-value and the number of degrees of freedom of
the data. If that value from the table is less than the chi-squared value calculated
from the data, one can reject the null hypothesis.
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