DSSM UNIT 1 & 2

1. a) What is Distance measure ?

b) Explain briefly about the distance measures given below
a) Euclidean b) Manhattan c) Minkowski d) Hamming
e) Chebyshev f) Cosine g) Jaccard Index
2. What is projection? Explain briefly about the different types of projections.

3. Explain briefly about Hyper plane, Subspace and Halfspace.

4. Find the Principal Component Analysis to the following data

X 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y 1 5 3 6 7 8

5. Apply Gram Schmidt Process to the Vectors given below

(1,0,1) (1,1,1) (-1,1,0)
6. a) Explain briefly about Dimensionality Reduction.
b) Find the Co-Variance of the following data
Xi 1 2 3 4 5

Yi 2 3 4 6 10

7) A random variable X has the following probability function

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
p(x) 0 k 2K 2k 3k K2 2K2 7k2+k

(i) Find the value of K (ii) Evaluate P(x≥6),p(x<6) and P(0<x<5)?

(iii) p(x=4) iv)If P(x≤k) > ½ Find Minimum value of k.
iv) Find Mean, Variance and SD.

8) If the probability density of a Random variable is given by

f(x) = k (1-x2) ; 0 < x < 1

0 ; Otherwise.

Find value of K and probability that a random variable will take on a value
(a) Between 0.1 and 0.2
(b) Greater than 0.5 also Find Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation.

9) a) The mean and variance of a binomial variable X with parameters n and p are
16 & 8.Find P(X≥1) and P(X>2).
b) Ten coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least
(i) Seven heads (ii) Six heads.
10) a) If the variance of a Poisson variate is 3, then find the probability that
(i) x = 0 (ii) 0  x  3 (iii) 1  x  4
1
b) If X is a Poisson variate such that 3P  x  4   P  x  2   P  x  0 
2
find (i) the mean of X (ii) P  x  2 

11) a) Write characteristics of the normal distribution.

b) Suppose the weights of 800 male students are normally distributed with
  140 pounds and Standard deviation 10 pounds. Find the number of students
whose weight are (i) between 138 and 148 pounds (ii) more than 152 pounds.

12) a) 2% of the items of a factory are defective. The items are packed in boxes. What is the
Probability that there will be (i) 2 defective items (ii) at least three defective items in a box
of 100 items.
b) If X is a normal variate with mean 30 and standard deviation 5.Find the probabilities that
(i) 26 ≤ X ≤ 40 (ii) X ≥ 45
13. Find the Minkowski Distance given 5 dimensional samples A=(1,0,2,5,3) and
B=(2,1,0,3,-1) and external variable p=3.
14. Find the Hamming distance between the code words of
C={(0 0 0 0), (0 1 0 1), (1 0 1 1), (0 1 1 1)}
15. Define dimensionality Reduction, write two advantages and disadvantages of
Dimensionality Reduction.
16. Find the covariance matrix with 3 data set where X=2,4,5,8,10 Y=3,6,9,12,15
Z=9,7,5,3,1.

1 1
17. Define Singular Value Decomposition . Fine singular value decomposition of

matrix A = 0 1 .
−1 1

= 1,1,1 , = 0,1,1 , = 0,0,1

18. Apply the Gram Schmidth Process to the vectors

19. Find the Cosine-Correlation Distance for the dimensions A=(1,0,2,5,3) and
B=(2,1,0,3,-1).

normally distributed. If 15% of the candidates ≥ 60 marks, 40%<30 marks.

20. The marks obtained in statics in a certain examination are found to be

Find the mean and standard deviation of marks.

 21. Find the mean and the variance of uniform probability distribution given by
f(x) = for x= 1, 2, 3, … n.

DSSM UNIT 3,4 & 5.

1. Define the following

a) Stochastic process b) Markov process c) Markov chain
d) Steady state condition e) Markov analysis
2. Suppose there are two market products of brand A and brand B respectively. Let each
of these two brands have exactly 50% of total market in some period and let the market
be a fixed size, the transition matrix is given below, if the initial market share break
down is 50% for each brand then determine their market shares in the steady state
0.9 0.1
0.5 0.5
 
3. The two Random variables X & Y have the following probability density function
2-x-y ; 0 ≤ (x,y) ≤ 1
f (x,y) =
0 ; otherwise than Find the following
1. Marginal density function of x & y
2. Conditional density functions
3. Variance of x and Variance of y.
4. Covariance of (x,y)
4. Calculate the Partial Correlation coefficient to the following data
X1 2 5 7 8 5

X2 8 8 6 5 3

X3 0 1 1 3 4

5. Explain about Optimization view of Machine Learning

6. Find the Linear Regression of the table given below

X 1 2 3 4

Y 3 4 5 7

7. a) Define Transition probability & Transition probability matrix

b) Define First and Higher order Markov process.
8. Akash bats according to the following traits, If he makes a hit (S) there is a 25% chance
That he will make a hit next time at bat, If he fails to hit (F) there is a 35% chance that
He will make a hit his next time at bat, Find the Transition Probability matrix for the data
and determine Akash’s long range batting average
 9. a) Explain briefly about Kullback-Leibler divergence.
b) Explain briefly about Source coding theorem
10. Define the following
a) Joint entropy b) Conditional entropy c) Moment generating function
d) Write the properties of Multivariate Normal distribution

11. Find the extreme points of

f (x1 x2 ,x3 ) = x1 + 2x3 + x2x3 – x12- x22-x32 and check Maxima and Minima
12. Define the following
a) Necessary and sufficiency conditions for optima
b) KKT conditions

13. Define Markov Chain. Consider the Markov Chain with 3 states s={1,2,3} that has the following

⎡ ⎤
= ⎢⎢ 0 ⎥ a)Draw the state transition diagram for this chain.
⎥
⎢ ⎥
transition matrix

⎣ 0⎦
b) If we know =1 = = 2 = , then find = 3, = 2, =1
14. Define Ergodic Markov chain and Regular Markov Chain
0
⎛0 0 ⎞
Determine if the following transition matrix is ergodic markov chain. ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 0 ⎟

⎝0 0 ⎠
0 0
⎛ 0 0⎞
15. Define Irreducible. Check whether Given TPM ⎜ ⎟ is Reducible or Irreducible.

⎝0 0 0 1⎠

2 − − $ ;0 ≤ ,$ ≤ 1
16. The two Random variables X & Y have the following probability density function
f(x,y) = #
0 ; &'ℎ)*+,-) 'ℎ).
Find a) Marginal density function of x & y
b) Conditional density functions of x & y
c) Covariance of (x,y)

;0 < < 1
17. Define Movement Generating Function. Find Movement Generating Function of

f(x) = / 2 − ; 1 ≤ ≤ 2
0 ; )1-)+ℎ)*)
18. Define Entropy. The joint probability of the transmitted and received message of a communication
system is given by
$ $ $ $

p(x,y) = 0.25 0 0.1 0

0 0.25 0 0.05

0 0 0.1 0.05

0 0.05 0 0.1

@ 0 0 0 0.05

19. Define Kullback – Leibler Divergence. Let P and Q be the distributions shown in the table and figure. P is
the distribution on the left side of the figure, a binomial distribution with N=2 and p=0.4. Q is the
distribution on the right side of the figure, a discrete uniform distribution with the three possible
x= 0, 1, 2 (i.e. {X} = {0,1,2}), each with probability p=1/3}

X 0 1 2

9 12 4
25 25 25
Distribution P(x)

1 1 1
3 3 3
Distribution Q(x)

Find Relative entropies 567 ∥ 9 :.; 567 9 ∥

20. Fine the Extreme value of f(x)=x3+y3-6xy and determine whether they are Maximum or Minimum.
21. Solve the Non Linear Programming Problem (NLPP)

Such that 2x1+x2≤ 10, x1,x2 ≥ 0.

Maximize z = 3.6x1 – 0.4 x12+1.6x2-0.2x22

0
22. Minimize < − +2 +2 + starting from the point = > ? using descent method.
0
23. Define Linear Regression. A simple example of a Regression equation to Predict the Glucose level given
the age
Subject Age (X) Glucose Level (Y)

1 43 99

2 21 65

3 25 79

4 42 75

5 57 87

6 59 81

7 55 ?