STATISTICS FOR

SCIENCE EXCEL
PROJECT
HWU ID: H00371348

Thomson, Michael
Q1. Part 1

Based on these results, it seems that non-smokers tend to have a lower resting heart rate compared to
people who do smoke. The smokers have a higher mean heart rate of 76 (bpm) compared to non-smokers
mean heart rate of 71.9 (bpm). The standard deviation and standard error are smaller in non-smokers
which suggests less variability in their heart rates. This is also shown by the sample variance as smokers
is much greater than the non-smokers. The range of both heart rates is very similar but again non-smokers
is slightly lower. From the results gathered, there may be a connection between smoking and an increase
in heart rate.

Q1.Part 2

From the gathered data it is clear to see there are some notable differences In resting heart rates between
male and females. The men have a lowered mean heart rate of 70(bpm) compared to women 76(bpm).
The men’s maximum heart rate is also lower than the women’s. Due to the higher variance in the Female
results, this indicates there is a larger spread of data in females compared to their male counterpart.
These results lead to the assumption that gender is a significant factor in resting heart rates, with males
tending to have lower heart rates on average compared to females

Q1. Part 3
Significance level ɑ=0.05

Null Hypothesis (H0): The means of Male and Females resting heart rate are equal

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The means of Male and Females resting heart rate are not equal

The p-value obtained from this two-tailed test is ≈ 0.008. This value is less than the significance level set
of (ɑ=0.05) and since it is less this shows there is sufficient evidence to REJECT the Null Hypothesis.
Therefore, we come to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant difference in resting heart
rates between genders

Assumptions made to conduct this test:

• That all observations in this sample are random and independent from one another
• That the data gathered is approximately normally distributed
• That the variance of both male and female resting heart rates are roughly equal

Q2. Part 1

Difference of heart rates column included in appendix

From the above plot, the data of people who ran is a lot more spread out which indicates that there is a
higher variance in peoples heart rate who ran. This means that some of the individuals who ran
experienced large increases where some had little to no changes. However there are still large clusters of
points around the centre of the plot which suggests that, that is the most common among the people who
ran.

The above plot is a lot more normally distributed compared to the one of people who ran. This means that
resting heart rates seem to follow a normal distribution. The narrower spread of points may indicate that
their heart rates are more consistent/less variable compared to the runners. This data however, has a
serious outlier compared to the rest of the data which may need more investigation, as this could be an
extreme measurement (underlying health issue?) that they may need to take into consideration so that it
does not affect the rest of the overall data

Overall these plots show the effects of exercise on heart rate and how individuals can respond differently
to running depending on activity levels. It also shows how wide a variety of heart rates can be obtained by
several people doing the same activity.

Q2. Part 2

Significance level (ɑ=0.05)

Null Hypothesis (H0): the mean heart rate is equal before and after running

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): the mean heart rates are not equal before and after running
The p-value obtained in this one-tailed test is ≈0.00000000632. This value is significantly smaller the
significance level of 0.05. Therefore, we have very strong evidence to reject the Null Hypothesis (H0).
These results indicate that running has a very significant effect on heart rate as shown by the difference of
resting heart rates and heart rates after running.

Assumptions made for this test are the same assumptions made for the two-tailed test conducted
previously

Q3. Part 1

As there are many points that are far away from the line of fit (orange line) it is suggested that there is no
real connection or correlation between the weight and height of an individual. Or in other words the
relationship is not linear
From the coefficients. Weight= -205.18206 + 5.0968288(height)

Q3. Part 2
 APPENDIX

Q1 parts 1 and 2

Used excel command “data analysis” tool and used Descriptive statistics to get results

Then used the insert chart function to create box plots

Question 1 part 3

Used data analysis tool again but used t test for results
Question 2 part 1

Original data with included extra column of difference in heart rates before and after
running/not running
Used the insert chart function to create dot plots for both runners and non-runners.
Made on a separate sheet.
Question 2 part 2

Used the data analysis tool and selected paired two sample means to get results
Question 3 Part 1

Used data analysis tool and selected regression to get linear regression plot
Question 3 part 2

Using the data I got for the residuals I used the insert chart function to plot a histogram
of the residuals