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JICA Knowledge Co-Creation Program (Group and Region Focus) in Dec.

11, 2023
"Hydrography for Charting and Disaster Management
(Internationally Accredited Category B)

Observation of Volcanoes in sea area

Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department (JHOD)


JAPAN COAST GUARD Geodesy and Geophysics Office
Purpose of volcano observation

・Safety of navigation
(海上交通の安全確保)

・Protection of Life and Property at Sea


(海上における生命財産の保護)

・Japan’s maritime rights and interests with a


birth of new island
(海洋権益の確保)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

There are about 1,500 active volcanoes in the world


Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(島弧).
(ホットスポット)
(中央海嶺)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(東アジアの火山のほとんどは沈み込み帯に沿って存在する。)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(噴火)
(変色水) (火山ガス)

マグマ水蒸気噴火
マグマと水の相互作用
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(火山噴火予知連絡会)

organizations.
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

Observation platforms for volcanoes in sea area


Aircraft

Survey Vessel Unmanned boat


Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(海域火山の測量手法)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(定期調査)

(緊急調査)

(海域火山基礎情報調査)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

( 海 域 火 山 の 観 測 の 情 報 源 )

(海上保安庁航空機)

(伊豆-小笠原((ボニン)-マリアナ島弧周辺の海上自衛隊航空機)

(グアム行きの民間航空機からの情報)

(他機関が運用する海底地震計の情報)

(付近を航行する商船や漁船からの情報)

● Satellite observation (人工衛星観測)


Overview of volcano observation in sea area
(定期調査)

・Eye observation
・Thermal imagery
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(航空機による温度計測と写真撮影)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
(緊急調査)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
(海域火山基礎情報調査)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
(海域火山基礎情報調査)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

(海域火山データベース)
Overview of volcano observation in sea area
Appearance of New Volcanic Islands and
Submarine eruption in Japan
• 1934 Showa-Iojima: still there
• 1946 Myojinsho: Disappeared in 1 year
• 1952 Myojinsho: Disappeared in 1 year
-“Daigo-Kaiyo-Maru”was trapped. Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba 2021

• 1973 Nishinoshima-Shin-To: still exists


• 1986 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba: Disappeared in 2 months
• 2013- Nishinoshima: Expanding
• 2021 Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba: Disappeared in 4 months
Overview of volcano observation in sea area

Myojinsho

Showa-Iojima Nishinoshima-Shin-To

Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(第五海洋丸遭難)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(第五海洋丸遭難)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(自航式ブイ)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(無人測量艇)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(無人測量艇)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(無人測量艇)
<4>Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV)
Commercial item
Gross tonnage: 1.8 tons
Overall Length: 5.3 m
Speed: crusing 4 knots
Hull material: Aluminium
Engine: hybrid Diesel-electric system
Main Survey Equipment
・Multi Beam Echo Sounder
・Camera
・Self-navigation System
・Water sampler
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(無人測量艇による調査システム)
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

When and where use to Unmanned boat

◇Shallow area of active volcano

◇ After the cessation of the eruption

◇ Precursor volcanic eruption(噴火の前兆)


・volcanic earthquake
・Large amounts of discoloured water
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

Example (Teishi Knoll) (手石海丘の例)

Frequent earthquakes around Before(9 Jul.)


Teishi Knoll on June 1998

Just before(13 Jul.)

After(15 Jul.)

air bubbles
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~
Unmanned survey boat ~ for safe survey of active volcanoes~

(無人調査機器は人的なリスク無く活動的な火山の調査が可能となる)

(JHODは火山調査のための無人測量艇を開発)

(無線操縦)

(自動操船)

(マルチビーム測深、採水、水温 その他)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

・伊豆-小笠原(ボニン)-マリアナ弧
の火山フロント
・東京の南1,000km
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(3-D海底地形)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(富士山?)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(噴火ステージ)

(マグマ水蒸気噴火)

(火砕丘)

(コックステール)

(巨大火口)

(マグマ上部が海水面下)
20 Nov 2013
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(噴火ステージ)

(マグマ噴火)

(ストロンボリ式噴火)

(溶岩流流出)

(マグマ上部が海水面より上)
22 Nov 2013
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(噴火ステージ)

(1年後)
(噴火活動継続)

(溶岩流出継続)

(西之島拡大継続)

(火砕丘)
Original Island (Dec.25,2014)

Original Island
(旧西之島)
Jun.18, 2015

Vent of Lava Flow


(溶岩流出口)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(熱画像)

(温度変化による新しい溶岩流の確認)

(溶岩流)
(出口)

(火口)

(溶岩流)
Nov.17, 2015 (Vulcanian eruption)

(ブルカノ式噴火)
17 Nov 2015
Nov.17, 2015 (Vulcanian eruption)

Reach of ejecta
(噴出物が海上に到達) N
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(噴火休止)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

変色水
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(約1年半の休止後の再噴火)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

Thermal image
Expand again

2 May. 2017
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
2 Aug. 2017

Last eruption in 2017


Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
12 Jul. 2018
After 11 month of quiescence
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

Thermal image
The eruption ended in less than a month

Lava flow

30 Jul. 2018
19 Jun 2020
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

14 Jun.2023

volcanic ash

Lava flow

30 Jul. 2018
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(海域で何が起こっているのか)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(無人測量艇による海底地形調査)

(旧西之島) (無人測量艇)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(無人測量艇による海底地形調査)

(海底地形)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(西之島の3-D海底地形)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(海底地形の変化)

(噴火前)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(海底地形の変化)

(新しい火山噴出物)

(海面)

(噴火前に測量した海底)

(火山本体(噴火前))
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(更なる測量)

(2015の測量結果) (周辺海域)

(海岸線付近)

(未測量:200mの範囲)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(海図新刊のための水路測量)

(Benchmark)(水準点)
(三角点)
(対空標識)
(GNSS観測)
(潮汐観測)
(水圧式験潮器)

(水準測量)(副標観測(水圧式験潮器の校正)
(マルチビーム測深)
(航空レーザー測深)
(地質試料採取)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(上陸調査に向けた環境保全対策)

(新生植物と動物への影響排除)

(最低限の人員・回数の上陸)

(ウェット上陸)

(全ての持ち物のクリーニング “植物種子・昆虫を持ち込まない”)

(環境省による検査)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(水準測量、副標による潮汐観測)

(水準測量)

(水準測量の経路)

(水準測量)

(副標による潮汐観測)

(副標による潮汐観測)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(測量艇によるマルチビーム測深)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano

(航空レーザー測深)

・迅速で効果的な測量が可能
・海と陸のシームレスな地形の取得

(透明度の2.5倍)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(航空レーザー測深の結果)

◆測量期間:2日間(2.1時間)
◆測線:33本
◆水深点:約1億点
◆測深面積:9.5平方km

(最大深度:50m)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(航空レーザー測深の結果)
Experience at Nishinoshima volcano
(海底地形調査の結果)
Navigational warnings and charting

(以前の西之島の海図)

(陸地、海岸線、水深が大幅に変化)

Cancelled
June 2017
(2017年6月に廃版)
Navigational warnings and charting

(海図改訂のための測量データ)
Navigational warnings and charting
(新刊した海図)

Based on the surveys, a new


1:25,000 nautical chart was
published on 30 June. 2017.
(最新の測量成果による1/2.5万の新しい海図が2017年6月に刊行された。)
Navigational warnings and charting

(新刊した海底地形図)

Based on the surveys, a new


1:50,000 bathymetric chart was
published on 30 June. 2017.
(最新の測量成果による1/5万の新しい海底地形図が2017年6月に刊行された。)

・鳥瞰図
・対景図
・潮汐基準面
・潮流、海流
Navigational warnings and charting

Eruption again after the 2015 - 2016 survey.


JHOD surveyed that use ALB on 2018.

Based on result of ALB, a new


1:25,000 nautical chart was
published on 31 May. 2019.

Red line:Coastline of the previous chart


Navigational warnings and charting

(航行警報)

NAVAREA
Navigational warnings and charting

The nautical chart of Nishinoshima was revised in 2017 and 2019


based on the surveys. Navigational warnings were issued and
changed corresponding to the eruption status.
Experience at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba volcano

13 Aug 2021
Eruption of Fukutoku-
Oka-no-Ba

1,400 km

IO TO
Oct 2021 ( Iwo Jima) 16 Aug 2021
Pumice that has Drifting pumice
dorifted to Pumice
Okinawa
8km
Thank you
for your kind attention!

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