Classification of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are made up of only hydrogen and carbon. ( \ _ Hydrocarbons Aromatic Alkanes Cycloatkanes Alkenes Alkynes -ane cyclo_-ane -ene -ylHydrocarbons + Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only the elements carbon and hydrogen. + They may be aliphatic or aromatic. Copyright The Mr Compare, Permission equted far eroduton or lay Table 3.1 Hydrocarbons ‘Type of compound General structure Example Functional group Alkane R-H cH.CH, - \_f qs Alkene ‘o=d ‘o=d double bond FY iy Alkyne —cac— H-C=C-H triple bond Aromatic compound CO phenyl groupTetrahedral Geometry of Carbon + All C atoms in an alkane are surrounded by four groups, making them sp? hybridized and tetrahedral, with all bond angles of 109.5°. + The three-dimensional representations and ball-and-stick models for these alkanes indicate the tetrahedral geometry around each C atom. + In contrast, the Lewis structures are not meant to imply any three-dimensional arrangement. CCopjright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required fer reproduction or display i iF 109 pm fj XR fitees cH, = HCH i Y : oa methane t wow a) Lowis structure -3-Drepresentation _—_—ball-and-stick model HOH ae Vg cho, = H-G-O-H Yo-< ethane 4 4 ifCycloalkanes + Cycloalkanes have molecular formula C,,H,,, and contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring. + Simple cycloalkanes are named by adding the prefix cyclo- to the name of the acyclic alkane having the same number of carbons. ni i Mi ri Bi it pn 3 ~~ v a wv 4 7F' ~ 2 2 cyclopropane cyclobutane cyclopentane cyclohexane CgHe CaHe, CsHi0 CoHie A LJ QO COAH@@9 Triangle Square Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon Decagon Hendecagon Dodecagon