19M.2.HL.1Z1.6 Asmall metal pendulum bob is suspended at rest from a fixed point with a length of thread of negligible mass. Air resistance is negligible. The pendulum begins to oscillate. Assume that the motion of the system is simple harmonic, and in one vertical plane. The graph shows the variation of kinetic energy of the pendulum bob with time. 204 aN 15: kinetic eneray / m 104 5 0. t T t r 0 025 05 O75 10 1.25 15 175 20 225 25 time/s When the 75 g bob is moving horizontally at 0.80 m s*, it collides with a small stationary object also of mass 75 g. The object and the bob stick together. Direction of motion ——> bobs Object ai. Calculate, in m, the length of the thread. State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. (3) aii. Label on the graph with the letter X a point where the speed of the pendulum is half that of its initial seed.a) aii, The mass of the pendulum bob is 75 g. Show that the maximum speed of the bob is about 0.7 ms. [2] bi. Calculate the speed of the combined masses immediately after the collision. fa) Show that the collision is inelastic. [3] Sketch, on the axes, a graph to show the variation of gravitational potential energy with time for the bob and the object after the collision. The data from the graph used in (a) is shown as a dashed line for reference. gravitational potential energy FIT time [2] biiv. The speed after the collision of the bob and the object was measured using a sensor. This sensor emits a sound of frequency fand this sound is reflected from the moving bob. The sound is then detected by the sensor as frequency f. Explain why fand f are different. [3] 19M.1.HL.TZ2.21 A train approaches a station and sounds a horn of constant frequency and constant intensity. An observer waiting at the station detects a frequency fobs and an intensity /obs- What are the changes, if any, in /ops and fay as the train slows down?19M.1.HL.1Z2.22 ‘Two stars are viewed with a telescope using a green filter. The images of the stars are just resolved. What is the change, if any, to the angular separation of the images of the stars and to the resolution of the images when the green filter is replaced by a violet filter? T9N.2.HL.TZO.10 The lens of an optical system is coated with a thin film of magnesium fluoride of thickness d. Monochromatic light of wavelength 656 nm in air is incident on the lens. The angle of incidence is 8. Two reflected rays, X and Y, are shown.The following refractive indices are available. Air =1.00 Magnesium fluoride = 138 Lens =158 The thickness of the magnesium fluoride film is d. For the case of normal incidence (0 = ©), Light from a point source is incident on the pupil of the eye of an observer. The diameter of the pupil is 2.8 mm. a. Predict whether reflected ray X undergoes a phase change. 12] b(i). state, in terms of d, the path difference between the reflected rays X and Y. Ql calculate the smallest value of d that will result in destructive interference between ray X and ray Y. (2) discuss a practical advantage of this arrangement. (2) ef). Draw, on the axes, the variation with diffraction angle of the intensity of light incident on the retina of the observer. Intensity Diffraction angle 12] efi Estimate, in rad, the smallest angular separation of two distinct point sources of light of wavelength 656 nm that can be resolved by the eye of this observer. [2]20N.1.HL.TZ0.27 A simple pendulum and a mass-spring system oscillate with the same time period. The mass of the pendulum bob and the mass on the spring are initially identical. The masses are halved. What is when the masses have been changed? A B. c. D. 20N.1.HL.1ZO.28 Light is incident on a diffraction grating. The wavelengths of two spectral lines of the light differ by and have a mean wavelength of The spectral lines are just resolved in the fourth order of the grating. What is the minimum number of grating lines that were illuminated? AL - c. D. 20N.1.HL.TZ0.29 White light is incident normally on separate diffraction gratings X and Y. Y has a greater number of lines per metre than X. Three statements about differences between X and Y are |. adjacent slits in the gratings are further apart for X than for Y Il. the angle between red and blve light in a spectral order is greater in X than in Y Ill, the total number of visible orders is greater for X than for Y. Which statements are correct? A. land Il only B. land Ill only C. Hand Ill only D. 1, Nand Ill21M.2.HL.TZ1.6 A painting is protected behind a transparent glass sheet of refractive index Mglags: A coating of thickness wis added to the glass sheet to reduce reflection. The refractive index of the coating Neoating is such that Ngiass > Neoating > 1+ The diagram illustrates rays normally incident on the coating. Incident angles on the diagram are drawn away from the normal for clarity. coating glass sheet light painting a. State the phase change when a ray is reflected at B. fl b. Explain the condition for w that eliminates reflection for a particular light wavelength in air [3] ci. State the Rayleigh criterion for resolution. i) cali, The painting contains a pattern of red dots with a spacing of 3mm. Assume the wavelength of red light is 7oo nm. The average diameter of the pupil of a human eye is 4 mm. Calculate the maximum possible distance at which these red dots are distinguished. [2] 21M.1.HL.1Z2.26 A mass-spring system oscillates vertically with a period of _at the surface of the Earth. The gravitational field strength at the surface of Mars is. What is the period of the same mass-spring system on the surface of Mars? A. B.c. D. 21M.1.HL.1Z2.27 Light passes through a diffraction grating. Which quantity must be decreased to improve the resolution of the diffraction grating? A. The grating spacing B. The number of grating lines illuminated by the light source C. The number of grating lines per millimetre D. The spectral order being observed 21M.1.HL.1Z2.28 A train is moving in a straight line away from a stationary observer when the train horn emits a sound of frequency. The speed of the train is where is the speed of sound. What is the frequency of the horn as heard by the observer? A B. c D. 21M.1.HL.1Z2.29 Monochromatic light of wavelength passes through a single-slit of width and produces a diffraction pattern on a screen. Which combination of changes to and will cause the greatest decrease in the width of the central maximum? Slit width | Wavelength of light 1 1 A ab aA 2 2 B je vz c. 2b aa 222M.2.HL.TZ1.6 ‘Amass-spring system oscillates horizontally on a frictionless surface. The mass has an acceleration when its displacement from its equilibrium position is . The variation of with is modelled in two different ways, A and B, by the graphs shown. <2 3 a 3: graph A FE graph B PHP a. Outline two reasons why both models predict that the motion is simple harmonic when _ is small. 12] b. Determine the time period of the system when _ is small. (al c. Outline, without calculation, the change to the time period of the system for the model represented by graph B when is large. [2] d. The graph shows for model A the variation with of elastic potential eneray Ey stored in the spring. 0.25. 0:20: El 01S 0.10. 0.05. 0.15 -0.10 -005 0 0.05 O10 0.15 vimDescribe the graph for model B. [2] 16N.1.HL.TZ0.26 A particle is oscillating with simple harmonic motion (shm) of amplitude x. and maximum kinetic energy E,. What is the potential energy of the system when the particle is a distance 0.20X¢ from its maximum displacement? A. 0.208, B. 0.36E, C. 0.64E D. 0.808, 16N.1.HL.TZO.27 Monochromatic light is incident on a double slit. Both slits have a finite width. The light then forms an interference pattern on a screen some distance away. Which graph shows the variation of intensity with distance from the centre of the pattern? m7 ta ani 5. i AO IM I mn 4 pattern intensity ih tl distance from centre of pattern intensity D intensity / lh , \| 1H ih ih sal al Ale ats sito oN hil hl, sal distance from centre of pattern distance from centre of pattern 16N.1.HL.1Z0.28 Light of wavelength A is incident normally on a diffraction grating that has a slit separation of . What is the greatest number of maxima that can be observed using this arrangement? AG RAgor onc 17M.1,HL.TZ1.26 A pendulum oscillating near the surface of the Earth swings with a time period T. What is the time period of the same pendulum near the surface of the planet Mercury where the gravitational field strength is 0.49? A. O.4T B. 0.67 c. 167 D. 257 16N.1.HL.TZ0.29 A diffraction grating is used to observe light of wavelength 400 nm. The light illuminates 100 slits of the grating. What is the minimum wavelength difference that can be resolved when the second order of diffraction is viewed? AJinm B.2nm C.4nm D.8nm 17M.1,HL.TZ1.27 For fringes to be observed in a double-slit interference experiment, the slits must emit waves that are coherent. What conditions are required for the frequency of the waves and for the phase difference between the waves so that the waves are coherent? Frequency of waves -Surcakenyontral between waves A same variable B. same constant c constant difference variable D. constant difference constant 17M.1,HL.TZ1.28A train moving at speed u relative to the ground, sounds a whistle of constant frequency f as it moves towards a vertical cliff face. cliff face The sound from the whistle reaches the cliff face and is reflected back to the train. The speed of sound in stationary air is c. What whistle frequency is observed on the train after the reflection? A. B. (c+ uf Cc. (c-u)f D. 17M.2.HL.1Z1.7 A student is investigating a method to measure the mass of a wooden block by timing the period of its oscillations on a spring. A.0.52 kg mass performs simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.86 s when attached to the spring. A wooden block attached to the same spring oscillates with a period of 074s. MI/V/V/\4_ mass frictionless surface With the block stationary a longitudinal wave is made to travel through the original spring from left to right. The diagram shows the variation with distance x of the displacement y of the coils of the spring at an instant of time.direction of wave —> lo to the right distance displacement displacement to the left A point on the graph has been labelled that represents a point P on the spring. a. Describe the conditions required for an object to perform simple harmonic motion (SHM). [2] b. Calculate the mass of the wooden block. [2] c. In carrying out the experiment the student displaced the block horizontally by 4.8 cm from the equilibrium position. Determine the total energy in the oscillation of the wooden block. [3] d. A second identical spring is placed in parallel and the experiment in (b) is repeated. Suggest how this change affects the fractional uncertainty in the mass of the block. [3] ei. State the direction of motion of P on the spring. a) ei, Explain whether P is at the centre of a compression or the centre of a rarefaction. [2] 16N.2.HL.1Z0.6 a. Police use radar to detect speeding cars. A police officer stands at the side of theroad and points a radar device at an approaching car. The device emits microwaves which reflect off the car and return to the device. A change in frequency between the emitted and received microwaves is measured at the radar device. The frequency change Afis given by where fis the transmitter frequency, vis the speed of the car and cis the wave speed The following data are available. Transmitter frequency f =40GHzA f = 9.5 kHz Maximum speed allowed =28ms () Explain the reason for the frequency change. Gi) Suggest why there is a factor of 2 in the frequency-change equation. (ii) Determine whether the speed of the car is below the maximum speed allowed. (61 b. Airports use radar to track the position of aircraft. The waves are reflected from the aircraft and detected by a large circular receiver. The receiver must be able to resolve the radar images of two aircraft flying close to each other. The following data are available. Diameter of circular radar receiver = 9.3 m Wavelength of radar = 2.5 cm Distance of two aircraft from the airport = 31 km Calculate the minimum distance between the two aircraft when their images can just be resolved. [2]