‫بسمهللاالرمحنالرحيم‬

Chapter 13
Findings and Results Discussion

Dr. Ishaq Ibrahim

Findings and Discussion (Quantitative)
How Do You Report
The Results?
1. Tables that summarize statistical
information.
2. Figures (charts, pictures,
drawings) that portray variables
and their relationships.
3. Detailed explanations about the
statistical results.
What Do You Need To Include In Your Results
Discussion?

• Present Results
• Summarize the Major and critical Results
• Explain Why the Results Occurred
• Advance Limitations
• Suggest Future Research
Signs of a Poor Quantitative Research
Study
1. Inappropriate research design or problems in research design
2. Limitations of study not stated
3. Inappropriate sampling
4. Results of analysis not clearly reported
5. Inappropriate methods to analyze data
6. Unclear writing
7. Data-gathering methods not clearly described
Findings and Discussion (Qualitative)
 • Summarize Findings
• Convey Personal Reflections
How Do You
• Make Comparisons to the Literature
Present the
• Offer Limitations and Suggestions for Future
Findings? Research
How Do You Validate The Accuracy
Of Your Findings?
1. Triangulation (Investigating different individuals with different view
of the point (Ex: Lecturer and student).
2. Member checking is a process in which the researcher asks one or
more participants in the study to check the accuracy of the findings.
3. External audit.
Don't Combine the Results Section with the
Discussion Section

Results is your own findings as it is.

Discussions is comparison, recommendations
contributions
 Faculty (including advisors or
committees)
The Journal reviewers
Audience
Policy makers
for Your
Report Practicing educators

The researcher
 Ethical Report and Writing
Research
Report Report honestly

Share Share reports with others

Refrain from duplicate and piecemeal
Refrain
publication of data
Give Give credit for using someone else’s work
Do not Do not engage in research that represents a
engage in conflict of interest
Give Give credit for authorship-negotiate early