Chapter 5 Body Fluids and Circulation Answer (3) Sulcus between atria and ventricles is called auriculoventricular sulcus which contains coronary artery. Answer (3) Blood flow in systemic circulation can be represented as left ventricles. —** 5 Body —Y#228 5 Right atrium. ‘Answer (4) Heart Sounds First Heart Sound (LUBB) ‘Second Heart Sound (DUB) 1. Itis produced by closing of AV valves during | 1. It is produced by closing of semilunar valves, ventricular systole. at the beginning of ventricular diastole, 2, Itis low pitched and of long duration 2. Its higher pitched and of short duration, ‘Answer (3) ‘A special case of Rh incompatibility (mis-matching) has been observed between the Rh-ve blood of a pregnant mother with Rh#ve blood of the foetus. ‘Answer (1) Parasympathetic neural signals decrease the heart rate, speed of conduction of action potential and thereby the cardiac output ‘Answer (2) To obtain a standard ECG, a patient is connected to the machine with three electrical leads (one to each wrist and one to the left ankle), ‘Answer (4) Before birth, the major portion of blood from the right side bypasses the pulmonary circulation (as no air in the lungs) through foramen ovale (in between right and left auricle) and ductus arteriosus (in between pulmonary and systemic aorta). At the time of birth with the start of breathing, these bypass cease to act Answer (2) Lymph or lymphatic capillaries are tiny thin-walled vessels, closed at one end and located in the spaces between cells of the body. ‘Answer (1) Heart failure means the state of heart when itis not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body whereas in heart attack the heart muscles are suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-47623456Solutions (Part!) Body Fluids and Circulation | 33 10. 11. 12 13, 14. 15. 16. 7. 18. 19, 20. 24 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. ‘Answer (3) Parasympathetic nerve endings release acetylcholine neurotransmitter that bind to muscarine receptors of SAN and AV node, cause efflux of K* and hyperpolarisation ‘Answer (2) A specialised cardiac musculature called the nodal tissue is distributed in heart such as, SAN, AVN, AV bundle and purkinje fibres. Answer (1) Serum = plasma — clotting factors ‘Answer (3) The number of cardiac cycles per minute is called heart rate which is 72/minute for a healthy human. Answer (3) Hirudin, citrate, oxalates and EDTA prevent blood clotting. Answer (3) Elephantiasis is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system, which results in the accumulation of a fluid called lymph in the affected areas. Answer (1) In cardiac muscles, the T-tubules penetrate the muscle cell interior at the level of the Z line, so cardiac muscle has only one T-lubule per sarcomere. ‘Answer (2) Heart of foetus has mixed blood. ‘Answer (2) ‘The S T segment is elevated in myocardial infarction and depressed when the heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen. ‘Answer (3) The opening of the AV valves occur immediately after isovolumettic relaxation. ‘Answer (2) Lymph capillaries are located in the spaces between cells throughout the body except, in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues. Answer (1) During circulation, the greatest volume of blood (70-80%) resides in the venous vasculature. Answer (3) In an ECG, the P-wave represents the atrial depolarisation that lead to atrial systole. ‘Answer (4) Closure of tricuspid valve prevents attempted backflow of blood into the right atrium, ‘Answer (3) For fastest distribution of medicine it should be injected into vein ‘Answer (4) Ductus arteriosus is also called ductus botall Answer (2) The value of pCO2 in deoxygenated blood is 45 mm Hg whereas in oxygenated blood is 40 mm Hg. Aorta carries the blood from left ventricle to body tissues. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-4762345634 2. 28. 29. 30. 31 32. 33. 34, 36. 36. 37. Body Fluids and Circulation Solutions (Part-I) Answer (1) During atrial diastole, the right and left atria receive blood from vena cava and pulmonary veins respectively. Answer (3) Frank-Starling law represents the relationship between stroke volume and end diastolic volume. The stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the end diastolic volume. Answer (3) The hepatic portal vein carries blood from intestine to the liver before it is delivered to the systemic circulation Answer (4) ‘Adams-stokes syndrome is characterised by an abrupt decrease in cardiac output and loss of ‘consciousness due to a transient arrhythmia; For example, bradycardia due to complete heart block. Answer (3) Blood group _| Antigen on surface of RBCs A A B B AB AandB ° Nil Answer (3) ‘The lymphatic system comprises lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic nodes and lymphatic ducts which open into vein. ‘Answer (1) ‘According to Frank-Starling law of heart, the strength of ventricular contraction is directly proportional to the end diastole volume. Answer (3) Disorder of Circulatory system ‘Symptoms ‘Angina pectoris ‘Acute chest pain Heart attack Heart muscles are suddenly damaged due to inadequate blood supply ‘Answer (2) In ECG, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarisation that leads to ventricular systole (one complete pulse). ‘Answer (1) pH of oxygenated blood is more than the deoxygenated blood ‘Answer (2) Clot or coagulum is formed mainly of network of fibrin threads, aggregation of other clotting factor and entrapped formed elements. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-47623456Solutions (Part!) Body Fluids and Circulation | 35 38. 39, 40. 4 42. 43. 44, 46. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50, 51. 82. Answer (3) Collagen protein (Collagen fibres) are not present in blood plasma, fibrin is present in an inactive form fibrinogen which is secreted from liver. ‘Answer (3) First heart sound is associated with closing of AV valves whereas second heart sound is associated with closing of semilunar valves. ‘Answer (3) During joint diastole there is about 70% filing of ventricles ‘Answer (2) Ductus arteriosus closes to become ligamentum arteriosum in adult. Papillary muscles are present in ventricles. ‘Answer (2) In humans, the erythropoiesis starts in yolk sac (extra embryonic membrane) then in liver & spleen and finally in red bone marrow after birth. Haematocrit value is the volume of red blood cells compared to the total blood volume (red blood cells and plasma). ‘Answer (2) Outflux of K* causes hyperpolarisation Answer (3) Ca’ is a IV blood clotting factor. Heparin is a natural anticoagulant. ‘Answer (4) Leukemia is also called blood cancer and O- blood group persons are considered as universal donor. ‘Answer (1) Clotting Factor Clotting Factor Name x ‘Antihaemophilic factor B (Christmas factor) x Stuart-prower factor ‘Answer (3) Haemoglobin is present in plasma of annelids and in RBCs of chordates. ‘Answer (2) Enlargement of P-wave indicates enlargement of the atria. The S T segment is elevated in myocardial infarction and depressed when the heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen. T-wave is flat when the heart muscles receive insufficient oxygen. ‘Answer (2) In hepatic portal system, the blood from intestine comes in liver by hepatic portal vein. ‘Answer (4) First heart sound comes at initiation of ventricular systole and second heart sound at initiation of ventricular diastole. ‘Answer (4) Both superior vena cava and pulmonary veins do not possess valve. ‘Answer (2) First rapid filing of the ventricles occur at initiation of joint diastole. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-4762345636 | Body Fluids and Circulation Solutions (Part!) 53. Answer (3) Cardiac output = Heart rate x stroke volume Cardiac output Heart rale = 8400m! 80 So, Stroke volume = = 80 mi 54, Answer (1) Ventricular escape: Intense Vagal stimulation resulting in A-V block being compensated for by a self- generated electrical discharge initiated by the ventricles of the heart 55. Answer (1) Angina pectoris is due to ischaemia 56. Answer (3) In ECG, QRS complex represents the ventricular depolarisation that leads to ventricular systole. 57. Answer (1) Pulmonary circulation does not involve right atrium and left ventricle 58. Answer (2) Cardiac arrest is a condition when the heart stops beating. 59. Answer (3) In lymphatic system the thoracic duct drains into left subclavian vein. 60. Answer (1) Blood clotting factor IX is called antihemophilic factor B (Christmas factor) 61. Answer (1) Vagus nerve is part of parasympathetic nervous system. 62. Answer (1) Atrial systole increases 30% flow of blood from atria to ventricles. 63. Answer (4) Specialised cardiac musculature called the nodal tissue, includes SAN, AVN, AV bundle and purkinje fibres. 64. Answer (3) Chordae tendinae are attached to the flaps of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves at one end and their other ends are attached to the ventricular wall with the special muscles, the papillary muscles 65. Answer (4) Inferior venacava — _ Eustachian valve ‘+ Pulmonary trunk = Semilunar valve * Coronary sinus — Thebasian valve 66. Answer (1) Foramen ovale closes to become fossa ovalis whereas ductus arteriosus closes to become ligamentum, arteriosum, 67. Answer (3) Correct pathway for impulse conduction in human heart is SAN > AVN —»> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibres. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-47623456Solutions (Parts!) Body Fluids and Circulation | 37 68. 69. 70, 1 72. 73. 74, 7. 76. 7. 78. 79. 80. ‘Answer (2) Thromboplastin in plasma aids in blood coagulation through formation of thrombokinase that catalyses the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. ‘Answer (3) Vasa Vasorum is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as aorta and vena cava. Answer (1) ECG waves Significance Pawave Enlargement indicates enlarged atria QRS Complex _| — Represents ventricular depolarisation — Number helps to count heart rate Twave — Represents ventricular repolarisation Answer (1) Deoxygenated but nutrient rich blood from intestine comes into liver through hepatic portal vein. ‘Answer (2) In artery the blood flows with high pressure whereas in vein it flows with low pressure. ‘Answer (3) Factors which cause rise in heart rate includes. (i) Rise in temperature (ii) Decrease in blood pH (ii) Emotions (iv) Decrease in blood K* level ‘Answer (3) Person who have ‘AB’ blood group exhibits ‘A’ and ‘B’ both antigens on surface of their RBCs. ‘Answer (4) Cardiovascular centre is present in medulla oblongata part of brain. ‘Answer (2) Heart block results in the electrical signals being partially or totally blocked between the upper atria and lower ventricles ‘Answer (1) Bicuspid valve prevents the backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium during ventricular systole ‘Answer (2) As per Frank Starling law, if the venous retum increases, the force of contraction of cardiac muscles and the cardiac output will increase. ‘Answer (4) ‘Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline are neurotransmitters of sympathetic nerve endings. Answer (1) Aorta receives the blood from left ventricle during ventricular systole. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-4762345638 at. 82. 83. 8, 86. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 1 92, 93. 94, 96. 96. Body Fluids and Circulation Solutions (Part-I) Answer (1) Only WBCs come into interstitial space through capillary pore by making pseudopodia, ‘Answer (3) ‘AVN can also generates the action potential but with slower rate compared to SAN. ‘Answer (3) Ischemic heart disease develops when cholesterol particles in the blood begin to accumulate on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. These deposits narrow the arteries and eventually block the flow of blood in them. ‘Answer (2) CAD, often referred to as atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles. It is caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissue, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower. ‘Answer (4) Condition erythroblastosis foetalis can be avoided by administering anti-Rh antibodies to the mother immediately after the delivery of frst child Answer (3) Hypertension: High blood pressure more than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg on repeated checks. ‘Answer (4) One end of lymph capillaries is closed. Lymphatic ducts open in veins. ‘Answer (1) Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute is called cardiac output Answer (3) Lymph is devoid of RBCs and platelets but WBCs are more compared to blood. ‘Answer (4) Pulmonary circulation starts from right ventricle and ends in left atrium, ‘Answer (4) Left side of heart is considered as systemic heart. ‘Answer (1) Neurotransmitter acetylcholine decreases heart rate by hyperpolarisation through K* outflux ‘Answer (2) Hyperkalemia causes cardiac arrhythmia. ‘Answer (1) SAN is a pacemaker whereas AVN is called pace setter. ‘Answer (2) Mary's law : The pulse rate varies inversely with the blood pressure i.e. the pulse is slow when the pressure is high. Answer (4) During isovolumetric contraction AV valves and semilunar valves remain close. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-47623456Solutions (Part!) Body Fluids and Circulation | 39 97. Answer (2) Stroke volume = End diastolic volume — End systolic volume = 120-50 = 70 ml Cardiac output = Heart rate * stroke volume = 70 * 70 = 4900 mi 98. Answer (4) Mitral valve/bicuspid valve is present between left atrium and left ventricle whereas semilunar valves are present in aorta and pulmonary artery. 99. Answer (3) Human heart have autorhythmicity. Cardiac output depends on heart rate also. Cardiac ouput = Stroke volume * Heart rate 100. Answer (1) Mast cells are very similar to basophils. 401. Answer (4) Opening of AV valves occur at initiation of joint systole. 402. Answer (3) SAN generates the maximum number of action potentials. 403. Answer (4) Diarrhoea causes loss of body fluids. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone = 011-47623456