Introduction to Artificial

Intelligence
LECTURE 1
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Let’s Define
Definitions
❑Intelligence might be defined as the ability to learn and perform suitable
techniques to solve problems and achieve goals, appropriate to the context in an
uncertain, ever-varying world. A fully pre-programmed factory robotis flexible,
accurate, and consistent but not intelligent.
❑Artificial Intelligence (AI), a term coined by emeritus Stanford Professor John
McCarthy in 1955, was defined by him as “the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines”. Much research has humans program machines to
behave in a clever way, like playing chess, but, today, we emphasize machines
that can learn, at least somewhat like human beings do.
Definitions (cont.)
❑Artificial Intelligence (AI),The capacity of machines to mimic human cognitive
functions such as learning, problem-solving, and pattern recognition, enabling
them to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. It includes
various subfields, such as machine learning and natural language processing,
etc.
❑AI is the application of computing to help machines solve problems in
intelligent ways without humans having to hard code the desired outcomes
manually.
Definitions (cont.)
❑AI is about augmenting human intelligence by providing information and
evidence that subject matter experts need to make informed decisions. AI uses
mathematical algorithms to examine examples and create machine learning
models based on the inputs and desired outputs.
❑AI refers to computer systems capable of performing complex tasks that
historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or
solving problems.
Related Aspects
❑Computer science and electrical engineering determine how AI is
implemented in software and hardware.
❑Mathematics and statistics determine viable models and measure
performance.
❑Because AI is modeled on how we believe the brain works, psychology and
linguistics play an essential role in understanding how AI might work. And
philosophy provides guidance on intelligence and ethical considerations.
AI vs. Machine Learning
❑AI and machine learning are often used interchangeably, but machine learning is a subset of the
broader category of AI.
❑Put in context, AI refers to the general ability of computers to emulate human thought and perform
tasks in real-world environments, while machine learning refers to the technologies and algorithms
that enable systems to identify patterns, make decisions, and improve themselves through
experience and data.
❑Computer programmers and software developers enable computers to analyze data and solve
problems — essentially, they create artificial intelligence systems — by applying tools such as:
▪ Machine Learning
▪ Deep Learning
▪ Neural Networks
▪ Computer Vision
▪ Natural Language Processing
AI vs. Machine Learning
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Introduction is finished,
Let’s begin our journey