EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

The glass, steel and aluminum spire at the

The building's Art Deco
architecture, height, and
top was originally part of a radical plan.
Airships (blimps and dirigibles) would use
observation decks have made it
it as a mooring post, loading and a popular attraction. Around 4
unloading passengers and cargo. There million tourists from around the
would even be customs offices in the world annually visit the
building to process visitors and imports. building's 86th and 102nd floor
However, several tests revealed that the observatories; an additional
wind conditions in New York City were too indoor observatory on the 80th
severe to allow safe airship docking. The
floor opened in 2019.
spire gives the completed building a
height of 1,472 feet
ARCHITECT SKETCH OF
HEIGHTS AND ALLOWED
BUILDING AREAS The original
plan of the building was 50
stories, but was later increased
to 60 and then 80 stories.
Height restrictions were placed
on nearby buildings to ensure
that the top fifty floors of the
planned 80- story, 1,000-foot-
tall (300 m) building would have
unobstructed views of the city.
While plans for the Empire State
Building were being finalized, an
intense competition in New York
for the title of "world's tallest
building" was underway. The
plans included an observation
deck on the 86th-floor roof at a
height of 1.050 feet (320 m),
higher than the Chrysler's 71st-
floor observation deck. The roof
height was now 1,250 feet (380 Steel columns and beams were to be used to form a stable 3-D grid. Because
m), making it the tallest building the column grids were to be closely spaced, the open spaces in the building
The addition of the dirigible station
in the world by far, even without would be obstructed. As a result, there would be no column-free spaces on
meant that another floor. The final plan
the antenna. any of the building's floors.
was announced to the public on January
8, 1930, just before the start of Steel-frame construction allowed a building to support more weight,
construction. allowing for taller structures. The elevator was a vital invention that could
provide access to upper floors - no one would lease space on the 50th floor
if they had to take the stairs to get there.
A series of hoists and narrow-gauge tracks inside the building moved the
pieces to the top- most floors, while large external winches were used for
heavy stone pieces. Workers perched hundreds of feet above street level as
they riveted steel girders.
The Structure of the tower is braced steel frame with semi- rigid
connections. It remains stiffest of the tower for its height, due to
largely due to heavy cladding that is designed to stiffen the frame.
Shear Walls: To resist the lateral load caused by wind and
Earthquake
➤ The Assembly of shear wall is known as "Coupled Shear Wall"
➤Belt Trusses distribute the tensile and compressive force to the
large no of exterior truss.
Single core system The system structure of a tall building with a
centre single core (single core) and within short columns (mullion)
which bear the floor with the core of the building.
The core of the building except bears the vertical load is also
burdened with a horizontal force due to the earthquake and wind.
There are windows on four sides providing excellent light and
views.
USING PREFABRICATED STEEL SECTIONS OVER FOUR STORES A
WEEK WERE ADDED TO THE HEIGHT OF SE BULDING
 EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
Location: Midtown Manhattan, New york city
Built: 1930-1931
Story: 102
Height: 1250 feet (1454 feet with antenna)
Architect: Shreve lamb and Harmon
Lifts/elevators: 73 Its name is derived from "Empire
State", the nickname of the state of New York. It
stood as the world's tallest building until 1970
(World Trade Center), its collapse in the September
11, 2001 attacks, the Empire State Building was
again the city's tallest skyscraper until 2012. As of
2020, the building is the seventh-tallest building in
New York City, the ninth-tallest completed
skyscraper in the United States, the 48th-tallest in
the world, and the fifth-tallest freestanding
structure in the Americas.
The floor of the Empire state building is
made up of Terra Cotta, it consists of plain
individual blocks that lock perfectly
between two beams. a concrete layer was
added to reinforce the terra cotta.
The exterior walls of the Empire State Building,
they used girder as the support for the bricks.
the support structure called a spandrel beam, in
attaching the skin of the building the facade
work nearly half of the walls remains uncovered
by brick, aluminum framed glass windows will
occupy the empty space. Next lay down some
stunning Indiana Limestone, they were hooked
using a concrete brick, the alternating pattern of
limestone and glass gives the building its
characteristics.
Jimuel M. Monreal
The backbone of this building is the steel
columns a total of 210 steel were erected for
this building, 12 of those are uninterrupted
reaching the very top of the building. Girder
connects the columns and provides immense
strength on the structure, floor beams are
connected. The Emoire State Building has five
major floor area reductions, the building looks
quite stirking after it’s covered with the
Limestone and glass.
From the 29th to the 71st there’s no change
in the width of the building the topmost
office is on the 85th floor, floors 86 to 102nd
floors are Art Deco Floors.
Empire State Building is modified 15 times
during its construction.
Next, the perfectly prefabricated structures
the position of the hole.
to complete this project on time there’s 3400
workers were employed.
The total weigth of the building is
estimataed to be approximately 365 000
tons, thus the concrete foundation was
laid at a depth of 17 meters, thanks for
strong underground stone of New York,
this foundation was able to bear such a
huge weight .
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