CFLM 1

CHARACTER FORMATION,
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
Chapter 1:

CHARACTER
 CHARACTER
Greek word “charassein” meaning - engraving instrument;
originally used of a mark impressed upon a coin or the mark
cut by it.
 CHARACTER
❑ Habitual ways of feeling and reacting of a person that
distinguish one individual from another.
❑ It is the trademark of being a person.
❑ Individual personality attributes of a person
❑ Characteristic pattern of behavior of an individual.
The social, emotional and intellectual manifestations of a
character are called PERSONALITY, and character is
roughly equivalent to personality.

The distinctive mark of the personality; and gradually, to

the sum total of such marks, each individual one is
being called CHARACTERISTICS.
 CHARACTER FORMATION
Process by which an individual, through interaction of
biologically transmitted pre-dispositions with the environment,
develops stable patterns of functioning, thinking and feeling.
 CHARACTER FORMATION
❑ aka Character Building
❑ Deeply internalized patterns of values and attitudes
❑ Consequent actions that are often established by precognitive
times of life through natural and normal educational patterns
that are appropriate for young children.

Examples
✓ Nursing
✓ Weaning
✓ Toilet Training
✓ Relationship to the parents and siblings
 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR
CHARACTER FORMATION
❑ Parental Influence- most important of the factors responsible for
personality development
❑ Home Environment- Home as cradle of human character and
personality largely contribute to the character formation of a child.
❑ School Environment- To perfect the total development of a child's
character and attitude, besides the home environment
❑ Culture- Everyone has different character and values because of the
different cultures where everyone is exposed.
 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
FILIPINO CHARACTER FORMATION
❑ Home Environment
❑ Social Environment
❑ Economic Environment
❑ Political Environment
❑ Culture & Language
❑ History
❑ Educational System
❑ Religion
❑ Mass Media
❑ Leadership & Role Model
 5 Factors that determine
Character Types
❑ Openness: appreciation for a variety of experiences
❑ Conscientiousness: planning ahead rather than being
spontaneous
❑ Extraversion: being sociable, energetic and talkative
❑ Agreeableness: being kind, sympathetic and happy to help
❑ Neuroticism: inclined to worry, be vulnerable or temperamental
General Types of Characters
❑ Positive/ Good Character or Trait
Attributes such as integrity, honesty, courage, loyalty,
fortitude and other important virtues that promotes good
behavior.

❑ Negative Character/Trait
Individual’s predisposition to commit evil acts.

❑ Neutral Character/ Habit

used to describe a person who doesn’t pick sides in
disputes, refusal to be bold.
Types of Characters

❑ Self-realized Character
❑ Covetous Character
❑ Superstitious Character
❑ Egoistic/ Overbearing/ Bossy
❑ Anti-social Character
❑ Insincere Character
❑ Complacent Character
6 Pillars of Good Character
1. Trustworthiness
a. Honesty
b. Loyalty
2. Respect
3. Responsible
4. Fairness
5. Caring
6. Citizenship
 Chapter 2:

FILIPINO
VALUES SYSTEM
 FILIPINO TRAITS AND VALUES
TRAITS
A distinguishing quality or characteristic

VALUES
Are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way
or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior.

✓ The term KAPWA, or a shared inner self, lies at the core of

Filipino values and psychology.
✓ A person who treats another as a kapwa has a shared sense
of identity and consciousness with that other person.
 Positive Filipino Traits
1. Hospitality- heart-warming generosity and friendliness
2. Respect- use of “po” and “opo”
Pagmamano
Bowing to employers
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions
4. Generosity and Helpfulness
5. Strong Work Ethics
6. Loving and Caring
Negative Filipino Traits
1. Fatalism (‘Bahala Na”) Attitude
2. Manana Habit
3. Crab Mentality
4. Hypocrisy
5. Ningas Cogon
6. Tardiness (Filipino Time)
7. Gossiping
8. Blaming
9. Selfishness
10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions
11. Attention-taker
12. Onion-skinned
13. Living beyond Means
14. Passivity ( Lack of Leadership)
 FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY
THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERSCORING FILIPINO
VALUES
(Excerpted from the Philippines Australia Council)
1. Personalism
Filipinos valued interpersonal relationship. It is firmly
believed that harmonious personal relationship is the key
to successful endeavors. Amicable settlement of dispute is
the primary means of restoring broken relationships and
face-to-face open forum is considered once conflict is
recognized in an organization or the community.
2. Familialism
Filipinos are family oriented. Development programs and
projects in the community are concentrated on the family.
Decision on matters is centered on the welfare and best
interest of the family rather than on the betterment and
interest of some individuals. The mistakes committed by a
family member affects the credibility and of the immediate
members of the family and relatives.
3. Particularism
Displayed behaviour by the individuals may it be good
or bad is blamed against the family. It is based on the
principle that home is the cradle of human personality
and character that is, the product of goodness is always
good and those who are moulded in wickedness, will
always show-off badness. Individuals strive to promote
their own and their family's interests over community
interests.
 FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION
Values Orientation - Is the approach that may influence
work or social relationships by persons relating to
objects, events, and ideas.
MAIN OBLIGATIONS UNDERLYING FILIPINO
VALUE ORIENTATION
1. Pakikiramay
2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal Relations)
3. Bayanihan
4. Galang
 Chapter 3:

NATIONALISM
AND PATRIOTISM
 Nationalism

➢Loyalty and devotion to a nation

➢Sense of national consciousness
➢Promotion of culture and interests as
opposed to other nations or groups
 Basic Concepts of Nationalism
❑ Ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests
of a particular nation, in particular with the aim of acquiring
and maintaining nation’s sovereignty over its country of origin.
❑ Nation should regulate itself, free from outside intervention.
❑ Aims to build and maintain a single national identity
❑ Seeks to preserve and encourage a nation’s traditional culture.
TYPES OF NATIONALISM
 ETHNIC NATIONALISM
➢ Also known as ethno-nationalism
➢ Is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined
in terms of ethnicity.
➢ The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that nations
are defined by a shared heritage, which usually
includes a common language, a common faith, and a
common ethnic ancestry.
➢ It also includes ideas of a culture shared between
members of the group, and with their ancestors.
 CIVIC/ CIVIL NATIONALISM
➢ Civic nationalism defines the nation as an
association of people who identify themselves as
belonging to the nation, who have equal and
shared political procedures.
➢ According to the principles of Civic nationalism,
the nation is not based on common ethnic
ancestry, but is a political entity whose core
identity is not ethnicity.
✓ Political Entity X Ethnicity
 EXPANSIONIST NATIONALISM
➢A radical form of imperialism that includes independent,
patriotic feelings with a faith in expansionism, generally
through military aggression.
➢Nations are not believed to be equivalent to their right to
self-determination: some countries are believed to
possess features or qualities that make them superior to
others. Therefore, expansionist nationalism argues the
right of the state to expand its boundaries at the cost of
its neighbors.
 ROMANTIC NATIONALISM
➢It is otherwise known as organic nationalism and identity
nationalism. Is the form of ethnic nationalism in which the state
derives political legitimacy as a result and expression of the
nation's natural. It is based on the presence of a historical
ethnic culture that meets the romantic ideal.

➢It expressed Romanticism's values and opposed the rationalism

of Enlightenment. A historical ethnic culture that meets the
Romantic Ideal was emphasized by romantic nationalism;
folklore evolved as a romantic nationalist notion.
 THIRD WORLD NATIONALISM

➢Nationalist feelings are the outcome of

opposition to colonial rule to survive and
maintain a domestic identity.
 LIBERAL NATIONALISM
➢Is a kind of nationalism lately defended by political philosophers
who think that a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible
with liberal values of liberty, tolerance, equality and individual rights
can exist (Tamir, 1993, Kymlicka, 1995, Miller, 1995). It is asserted
that in order to lead meaningful, independent life, people need a
national identity and those liberal democracies need domestic
identity to work correctly
➢Liberal nationalists often defend the importance of domestic identity
by stating that people need a domestic identity to lead meaningful,
independent life (Kymlicka, 1995) and that liberal democratic
politics need domestic identity to work correctly (David, 1995,
Arash, 2002)
 RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM
➢ Religious nationalism is the relationship of
nationalism to a particular religious belief, dogma
or affiliation where a shared religion can be
seen to contribute to a sense of national unity, a
common bond among the citizens of the nation.
➢ Saudi Arabian, Iranian, Egyptian, Iraqi and the
Pakistani-Islamic nationalism are some examples.
 PAN NATIONALISM

Ethnic or cultural nationalism refers to a country

that is itself a cluster of associated ethnic and
cultural communities (such as Turkish peoples).
 DIASPORA NATIONALISM

Diaspora is an ethnic population residing

outside their traditional homelands. In this type of
nationalism, there is a nationalist sense, e.g. the Irish
in the United States, the Jews in the United States
and elsewhere, etc.
 STATELESS NATIONALISM

On nationalist basis (e.g. the Catalans and

Basques in Spain) an ethnic or cultural minority
within a nation-state aims independence.
 NATIONAL CONSERVATISM
A political term, mainly used in Europe, to describe a version
of conservatism that focuses more on domestic interests
than conventional conservatism, while not being unduly
nationalist or pursuing a far-right agenda
 REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM

Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological

theory that calls for a domestic group united by a
shared sense of intent and destiny, also known
as radical nationalism.
 LEFT-WING NATIONALISM

Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes

referred to as socialist nationalism, relates to any
political movement combining left-wing or
socialism with nationalism.
 PATRIOTISM

➢ 1500s → word “Patriot” was first recorded.

➢ 1700s → word “Patriotism” was first recorded
➢ Refer to “a member of a resistance movement or
a freedom fighter”
➢ Derived from Greek word “Patriotes”,
“fellow-countryman or lineage member.”
➢ The root of this word, in turn, means “fatherland”.
 The word patriotism is a noun that means “devoted
love, support, and defense of one’s country; national
loyalty.”

Refers to the feeling of attachment and commitment

to a country, nation, or political community.

Can be viewed as a “NATIONAL PRIDE” – a feeling of

love, devotion and sense of attachment to a homeland or the
country.
This attachment can be a combination of many different:

• Feeling
• Language relating to one’s own homeland
• Ethnic
• Cultural
• Political and Historical aspects

The patriot believes that both the system of

government and the people of their country are
inherently good and work together for a better quality of
life.
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM
1. Patriotism of Duty
This includes fidelity to one's nation through
material acts. This is military service patriotism and
other selfless sacrifice types. This is where patriotism
becomes embodied and its ideals take praiseworthy
actions.
2. Patriotism of Affection
This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about
one's internal desire for his country's well-being. The
patriotism of affection can be seen in the patriotism of
duty, but it does not necessarily result in it; one can
truly love his country and yet be a coward, just as one
can theoretically fulfil a patriotic duty and yet feel
apathetic about the country's welfare.
3. Patriotism of Manners
This is customs patriotism, written and unwritten.
The patriotism of manners is to place one's hand over the
heart during the national anthem. It can be performed by
anyone without needing affection or duty patriotism. While
the above types of patriotism show, at least in part, the real
beliefs and hopes of a person, the patriotism of manners
establishes mostly a set of protocols
 Types of Patriotism
1. Personal Patriotism- respect for flag, treated
as emotional and voluntary
2. Official Patriotism- highly symbolic and
ceremonial to claim allegiance to state
3. Symbolic Patriotism- raising morale in
wartimes.
4. Peacetime Patriotism- love for country even
without challenge
NATIONALISM V. PATRIOTISM
While both terms sound synonymous, as both terms are feelings of
affection for nation, the values on which they were based are distinct.

PATRIOTISM NATIONALISM
Liberty, Justice, Equality Belief that one’s nation is
superior to others
Do not degrade other countries Demise of other countries seen
as competitors
Proud of nation and what it Proud of nation whatever it
does does
Sense of accountability Blind stupidity