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7 This question is about organic compounds.

(a) Butane reacts with chlorine in a photochemical reaction.

C4H10 + Cl 2 → C4H9Cl + HCl

(i) State the meaning of the term photochemical.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) An organic compound with the formula C4H9Cl is formed when one molecule of butane
reacts with one molecule of chlorine.

Draw the displayed formulae of two possible structural isomers with the formula C4H9Cl
formed in this reaction.

[2]

(b) The structure of compound A is shown in Fig. 7.1.

COOH H

C C

H CH2OH

Fig. 7.1

(i) Deduce the molecular formula of compound A.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) There are three functional groups in compound A.

Name the homologous series of compounds that contain the following functional groups:

–C=C– .................................................................................................................................

–OH .....................................................................................................................................

–COOH. ...............................................................................................................................
[3]

(iii) State what is observed when compound A is added to:

aqueous bromine .................................................................................................................

aqueous sodium carbonate. ................................................................................................

[2]

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(iv) Compound A can be used as a single monomer to produce two different polymers.

Draw one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from compound A.

[2]

(v) Compound A can be converted into a dicarboxylic acid.

Name the type of condensation polymer formed from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

 [Total: 12]

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5 Alkenes and carboxylic acids are both families of similar compounds with similar chemical properties.
Alkenes and carboxylic acids have different reactions.

(a) State the term used for a ‘family’ of similar compounds.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the general formula of alkenes.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The structure of but-2-ene is shown.

H H H

H C C C C H

H H H

(i) But-2-ene reacts with aqueous bromine in an addition reaction.

Describe the colour change seen when but-2-ene is added to aqueous bromine.

from ............................................................. to ............................................................. [1]

(ii) State what is meant by the term addition reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and bromine.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(iv) But-2-ene forms a polymer.

Suggest the name of the polymer formed from but-2-ene.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(v) Name and draw a structural isomer of but-2-ene.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

name ....................................................................................................................................

structure

[2]

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5 (a) Part of the structure of synthetic polymer A is shown.

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

C C C C C C

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

(i) What type of synthetic polymer is A?

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Deduce the empirical formula of polymer A.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Draw the structure of the monomer from which polymer A is made.

[2]

(b) The formula C4H10 represents two different structural isomers.

(i) What is meant by the term structural isomers?

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Draw the structures of two structural isomers with the formula C4H10.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[2]

(iii) All structural isomers of C4H10 are flammable.

Write a chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of C4H10.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

 [Total: 10]

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6 The table shows the structures of four hydrocarbons.

P Q R S
CH3–CH3 CH2=CH2 CH2=CH–CH3 CH2=CH–CH2–CH3

(a) Why are compounds P, Q, R and S known as hydrocarbons?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Compound P is saturated.

What is meant by the term saturated ?

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Compound P undergoes a substitution reaction with chlorine.

(i) What is meant by the term substitution reaction?

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State a condition required for this reaction to occur.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Compound R undergoes an addition reaction with bromine.

(i) Why is this reaction an addition reaction?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) A compound containing bromine is formed in this reaction.

Draw the structure of this compound. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

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(e) D
 raw the structure of an unbranched isomer of compound S. Show all of the atoms and all of
the bonds. Name this unbranched isomer of compound S.

structure

name ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(f) Compound Q undergoes polymerisation.

(i) Name the polymer formed.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the chemical equation to show the polymerisation of compound Q.

n CH2=CH2

[2]

(g) A
 mino acids undergo polymerisation to form proteins. Part of a protein molecule with the
linkages missing is shown.

Draw the linkages on the diagram. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

H O

N C

 [2]

(h) The structure shows an ester.

CH3 CH2 CH2 C

O CH2 CH3

Write the word equation for a reaction which could be used to make this ester.

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

 [Total: 19]

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

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