Showfile 1

सरं क्षक
ीमान मदन िदलावर

कै िबनेट मत्रं ी, कूल िशक्षा, सं कृ त िशक्षा एवं पचं ायती राज (राज थान सरकार )
सरं क्षक
ी नवीन जैन (आईएएस)
सिचव, कूल िशक्षा, भाषा एवं पु तकालय िवभाग, राज थान सरकार, जयपरु
अिवचल चतुवेर्दी (आईएएस)

रा य पिरयोजना िनदेशक एवं आयक्त
ु
राज थान कूल िशक्षा पिरषद् जयपरु
ी आशीष मोदी (आईएएस)

िनदेशक, मा यिमक िशक्षा
बीकानेर, राज थान
मुख्य मागर्दशर्क
डॉ. अिनल कुमार पालीवाल

अितिरक्त रा य पिरयोजना िनदेशक
योित ककवानी
अितिरक्त रा य पिरयोजना िनदेशक
संयोजक एवं मागर्दशर्क
ीमती उिमर्ला चौधरी

उपिनदेशक, गणु व ा एवं प्रिशक्षण
सहयोगकतार्
रमेश चंद मान
सहायक िनदेशक, राज थान कूल िशक्षा पिरषद् जयपरु
लेखन
कै लाश च द सैनी
याख्याता, रा.उ.मा.िव. हीरा का बास, गोिव दगढ, जयपरु (राज.)
fgUnh vfuok;Z
vkjksg ikB;iqLrd ¼vad&32½
i| [k.M
1- gfjoa’k jk; cPpu 1- vkReifjp;
2- fnu tYnh tUnh <yrk gSA
2- vkyksd /kUok 1- irax
3 dq¡oj ukjk;.k 1- dfork ds cgkus
2- ckr lh/kh Fkh ij
4 j?kqohj lgk; 1- dSejs esa cUn vikfgt
5- 'ke’ksj cgknqj falag 1- m"kk
6- lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh *fujkyk* 1- ckny jkx
7- rqylhnkl 1- dforkoyh ds in
2- y{e.k ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foyki
8- fQjkd+ xksj[kiqjh 1- :ckb;ka
9- mek’kadj tks’kh 1- NksVk esjk [ksr
2- cxqyksa ds ia[k
x| [k.M
10- egknsoh oekZ HkfDru
11- tSusUnz dqekj cktkj n’kZu
12- /keZohj Hkkjrh dkys es?kk ikuh ns
13- Q.kh’oj ukFk js.kq igyoku dh <ksyd
14- gtkjh izlkn f}osnh f’kjh"k ds Qwy
15- ckck lkgsc Hkhejko vEcsMdj ¼1½ Je foHkktu vkSj tkfr&izFkk
¼2½ esjh dYiuk dk vkn’kZ lekt
forku ¼vad&12½
17- euksgj ';ke tks’kh flYoj oSfMax
18- vkuUn ;kno tw>
19- vkse Fkkuoh vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
20- fofHkUUk ek/;eksa ds fy, ys[ku
¼vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek/;e½ ¼vad&4½
21- ifBr x|ka’k ¼vkjksg x|&[k.M½ lizlax O;k[;k
22- ifBr i|ka’k ¼vkjksg i|&[k.M½ lizalx O;k[;k
23- vifBr i|ka’k ¼vad&6½
24- vifBr x|ka’k ¼vad&6½
25 fucU/k ys[ku ¼vad&5½
26- i= ,oa izk:i ys[ku ¼vad&4½
27- vkys[k@Qhpj ys[ku ¼vad&3½
28- O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ¼vad&8½
29- ekWMy iz’u i=&,d
30- ekWMy iz'u i=&nks
1
1- gfjoa’kjk; cPpu
¼1½ vkRe ifjp;
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- dfo dSls lalkj dks Bqdjkrk gS\
¼v½ bZekunkj ¼c½ lR;fu"B ¼l½ deZ’khy ¼n½ oSHko’kkyh ¼n½
2- dfo ds ân; :ih oh.kk ds rkjks dks fdlus >ad`r dj fn;k\
¼v½ bZ’oj us ¼c½ izs;lh us ¼l½ firk us ¼n½ ekr`Hkwfe us ¼c½
3- dfo fdldk Hkkj fy, fQjrk gS\
¼v½ lekt dk ¼c½ ikiks dk
¼l½ lkalkfjd mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼l½
4- izfr&ix esa vyadkj gSSA
¼v½ vuqizkl ¼c½ ;ed ¼l½ :id ¼n½ 'ys"k ¼v½
5- dfo cPpu dh vkRedFkk lkfgR; dh fdl fo/kk esa fy[kh gqbZ gS\
¼v½ x| ¼c½ i| ¼l½ pEiw ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼c½
6- eSSa vkSj] vkSj tx vkSj] dgk¡ dk ukrk iafDRk esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ miek ¼c½ ;Ekd ¼l½ mRizs{kk ¼n½ foHkkouk ¼c½
7- gkykoknh n’kZUk ds iz.ksrk dkSu gS\
¼v½ t;’kadj izlkn ¼c½ gfjoa’k jk; cPpu ¼l½ izsepUn ¼n½ egknsoh oekZ ¼c½
8- dfo gfjoa'kjk; cPpu dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1980 ¼c½ 1907 ¼l½ 1918 ¼n½ 1929 ¼c½
9- fuEu esa dkSulh dkO;d`fr dfo cPpu dh ugha gS\
¼v½ fu’kk fuea=.k ¼c½ e/kq dy’k ¼l½ e/kq’kkyk ¼n½ vukfedk ¼n½
10- dfo dh ok.kh dSlh gS\
¼v½ e`nqy ¼c½ dBksj ¼l½ mxz ¼n½ 'khry ¼n½
2
11- dfo dSlk lUns’k fy, fQjrk gS\
¼v½ lkaRouk dk ¼c½ cfynku dk ¼l½ eLrh dk ¼n½ leiZ.k dk ¼l½
12- dfo Loa; dks nqfu;k dk ,d D;k ekurk gS\
¼v½ izseh ¼c½ nhokuk ¼l½ ijokuk ¼n½ j{kd ¼c½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u&
1- **dj ;Ru feVs lc] lR; fdlh us tkuk\Þ iafDRk dk vk’k; LIk"V dhft,A
2- dfo us Lo;a dks nhokuk D;kas dgk gS\
3- ßtx iwN jgk mudksß lalkj fdUkdks iwN jgk gS\ vkSj D;kas\
4- dfo us lalkj dks viw.kZ D;ksa dgk gS\
5- **eSa vkSj] vkSj tx vkSj] dgk¡ dk ukrkÞ dfo vius vki dks bl lalkj ls D;ksa ugha tksM+ ik;k gS\
vFkok
dfo us Loa; dks lalkj ls vyx D;ksa ekuk gS\
6- ;kSou esa mUekn fy, ?kweus ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
7- dfo cPpu ds tx ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k dks LIk"V dhft,A
8- ÞeSa izfr ix ls ml i`Foh dks BqdjkrkÞ dfo lalkj dks D;ksa Bqdjkrk gS\
9- ÞeSa] gk;] fdlh dh ;kn fy, fQjrk gw¡Þ dfo ds eu esa fdldh ;kn gS vkSj bldk dfo ij D;k izHkko
iM+rk gS\
10- dfo us Þlkalks ds nks rkjÞ fdls dgk gSa\ vkSj D;ksa\
nh?kZ mÙkjkRed iz’u&
1- ÞvkRe ifjp;ß dfork ds 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk LIk"V dhft,A
2- ÞvkRe ifjp;ß dfork ds vk/kkj ij dfo gfjoa’k jk; cPpu ds O;fDRkRo ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij izdk’k
Mkfy,A
3- ÞvkRe ifjp;ß dfork esa dfo us vius thou esa fdu&fdu ijLij fojks/kh ckrksa dk lkeatL; cSBkus
dh ckr dgh gS\ LIk"V dhft,A
4- ÞvkRe ifjp;ß dfork dk ewy izfrik| fyf[k,A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo gfjoa’k jk; cPpu dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
3
¼2½ fnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSA
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- iaFkh dks jkr dgk¡ gksus dh laHkkouk gS\
¼v½ iFk esa ¼c½ ?kj esa ¼l½ ou esa ¼n½ dksbZ ugh ¼v½
2- fnu dk iaFkh fdls dgk x;k gS\
¼v½ pUnzek dks ¼c½ lw;Z dks ¼l½ rkjksa dks ¼n½ isMksa dks ¼c½
3- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dk D;k vk’k; gSS\
¼v½ tYnh ls lqcg gksrh ¼c½ tYnh ls 'kke gksrh gS
¼l½ le; ifjorZu’khy gS ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼l½
4- fnu <yus ds lkFk gh cPps dgk¡ ls >kadus yxrs gSa\
¼v½ f[kM+dh ls ¼c½ Nr ls ¼l½ uhM+ksa ls ¼n½ njokts ls ¼l½
5- dfo ds ân; esa dSls Hkko Hkjs gq, gS\
¼v½ izlUurk ds ¼c½ tks’k] mRlkg ds ¼l½ fog~oyrk ds ¼n½ bZ";kZ ¼l½
6- iFk esa gksus okyh jkr dh vk’kadk ls dkSu Hk;Hkhr jgrk gS\
¼v½ dkjhxj ¼c½ izseh ¼l½ riLoh ¼n½ iaFkh ¼n½
7- Þeq>ls feyus dks dkSu fody\ xhr dk ;g iz’u dfo ds ân; esa D;k Hkjrk gS\
¼v½ f’kfFkyrk ¼c½ ppayrk ¼l½ fog~oyrk ¼n½ mi;qZDRk lHkh ¼l½
1- fpfM;k¡ ds ijks esa papyrk D;ksa vkrh gS\
2- cPps fdl ckr dh vk’kk esa uhM+ksa ls >kad jgs gksaxs\ dfo cPpu dh dfork ds vk/kkj ij LIk"V
dhft,A
3- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dfork dk mns’; LIk"V dhft,A
4- ;fn eafty nwj gks rks yksxksa dh ogk¡ ig¡qpus dh ekufldrk dSlh gksrh gS\
5- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dh vko`fr ls dfork dh dkSulh fo’ks"krk izdV gksrh gS\
6- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dfork ls D;k izsj.kk feyrh gS\
4
1- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dfork esa i{kh rks ykSVus dks fody gS ij dfo esa mRlkg ugha gSA ,slk
D;ksa\ LIk"V dhft,A
2- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dfork dk izfrik| LIk"V dhft,A
3- Þfnu tYnh tYnh <yrk gSß dfork esa Þ,d vksj izd`fr dh oRlyrk >ydrh gS rks nwljh vksj dfork
dh mnklhß dfork ds vk/kkj ij LIk"V dhft,A
5
2- vkyksd /kUok
Þiraxß
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- Þiraxß dfork ds jpf;rk gS\
¼v½ dq¡oj ukjk;.k ¼c½ vkyksd /kUok ¼l½ mek’kadj tks’kh ¼n½ j?kqohj lgk; ¼c½
2- Þiraxß dfork esa dfo us o"kkZ ds ckn fdl _rq dk fp=.k fd;k gS\
¼v½ 'kjn ¼c½ gseUr ¼l½ xzh"e ¼n½ f’kf’kj ¼v½
3- Þ[kjxks’k dh vk¡[kksa tSlk yky losjkß iafDr esa dkSulk fcEc gS\
¼v½ xfr’khy fcEc ¼c½ fLFkj fcEc ¼l½ n`’; fcEc ¼n½ Li’kZ fcEc ¼l½
4- Þ'kjn vk;k iwyks dks ikj djrs gq,ß bl iafDr esa dkSulk vydakj gS\
¼v½ mRizs{kk ¼c½ foHkkouk ¼l½ :id ¼n½ ekuohdj.k ¼n½
5- 'kjn cPpksa dks dSls b’kkjksa ls cqykrk gS\
¼v½ pedhys b’kkjksa ls ¼c½ yqHkkous ¼l½ frjNs ¼n½ dksbZ ugh ¼v½
6- dkSulh _rq vkleku dks eqyk;e cukrh gS\
¼v½ 'kjn ¼c½ gseUr ¼l½ xzh"e ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼v½
7- Þnqfu;ka jkst curh gSß dkO; laxzg fdldk gS\
¼v½ dq¡oj ukjk;.k ¼c½ vkyksd /kUok ¼l½ t;’kadj izlkn ¼n½ rqylhnkl ¼c½
8- dfork Þiraxß es [kjxks’k dh vk¡[kkas tSlk fdldks crk;k x;k gS\
¼v½ losjs dks ¼c½ lkbZfdy dks ¼l½ irax dks ¼n½ lw;Z dks ¼v½
9- dfo vkyksd /kUok dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1948 ¼c½ 1939 ¼l½ 1938 ¼n½ 1958 ¼v½
1- Þiraxß dfork ds ek/;e ls dfo us fdl izdkj ds euksfoKku dk fp=.k fd;k gS\
2- cPpksa dks dikl dh rjg dksey vkSj muds iSjksa dks cSpsu D;ksa dgk x;k gS\ irax dfork ds vk/kkj
ij crkb,A
6
3- fn’kkvksa dks e`nax dh rjg ctkus ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
4- Nrksa dks uje cukus lss dfo dk D;k vk’k; gS\
vFkok
ÞNrksa dks Hkh uje cukrs gq,ß cPps Nrksa dks dSls uje cuk nsrs gSa Li"V dhft,A
5- i`Foh ckydksa ds iSjksa ds ikl Lo;a ?kwerh gqbZ D;ksa pyh vkrh gS\ Þiraxß dfork ds vk/kkj ij Li"V
dhft,A
6- Þiraxksa ds lkFk os Hkh mM+ jgs gSaß iraxksa ds lkFk dkSu mM+ jgs gSa\ vkSj D;ksa\
7- Þjksekafpr 'kjhj dk laxhrß bl laxhr dk thou dh y; ls D;k lEcU/k gS\
8- Þfrrfy;ksa dh bruh uktqd nqfu;kaß iafDr esa frrfy;ksa dh vkleku esa mM+rh irax ls D;k lekurk gS\
1- Þiraxß dfork dk ewy Hkko LIk"V dhft,A

2- fd’kksj vkSj ;qok oxZ lekt ds ekxZn’kZd gS Þiraxß dfork ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
3- [krjukd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds ckn vki nqfu;ka dh pqukSfr;ksa ds lkeus Lo;a dks dSlk
eglwl djrs gks \ Þiraxß dfork ds vk/kkj ij lksnkgj.k LIk"V dhft,
4- Þiraxß dfork ds dkO;xr lkSUn;Z ij izdk’k Mkfy,A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo vkyksd /kUok dk ifjp; fyf[k,A
7
2- dqaoj ukjk;.k
¼1½ dfork ds cgkus
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- Þdfork ds ia[k yxk mM+us ds ekusß dkSu ugha tkurk gS\
¼v½ fpfM;k¡ ¼c½ Qwy ¼l½ cPpk ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼v½
2- Þdfork ds cgkusß blds jpukdkj dkSu gS\
¼v½ vkyksd èkUok ¼c½ gfjoa'kjk; cPpu ¼l½ dq¡oj ukjk;.k ¼n½ j?kqohj lgk; ¼l½
3- dfork ds ia[k yxk mM+us ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \
¼v½ mM+uk ¼c½ dYiuk djuk ¼l½ pyuk ¼n½ dksbZ ugh ¼c½
4- fdldh mMku ns'k] dky vkSj ifjfLFkfr ls ckgj laHko gS\
¼v½ fpfM+;k¡ dh ¼c½ cPps dh ¼l½ Qwy dh ¼n½ dfork dh ¼n½
5- ÞfpfM;k¡ D;k tkusß iafDRk es dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ iz’ukyadkj ¼c½ foHkkouk ¼l½ oØksfDr ¼n½ n`"VkUr ¼v½
6- Þdfork ds cgkusß dfork esa fdldh egrk dkss LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ dfork dh ¼c½ fpfM+;k dh mM+ku dh
¼l½ Qwyks dh egd dh ¼n½ cPpksa ds [ksy dh ¼v½
7- fcuk eqj>k, dkSu egdrk gS\
¼v½ Qwy ¼c½ [kq’kcq ¼l½ dfork ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼l½
8- Qwy dh vafre ifj.kfr D;k gksrh gS\
¼v½ eqj>kuk ¼c½ rktxh Hkjuk ¼l½ f[kyuk ¼n½ egduk ¼v½
9- Þdfork fcuk eqj>k, lfn;ksa rd egdrh jgrh gSß bldk D;k vk’k; gS\
¼v½ dfork dkyt;h gksrh gSA ¼c½ dfork dk izHkko lfn;ksa rd cuk jgrk gSA
¼l½ dfork dk lkSUn;Z dHkh lekIr ugha gksrkA ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
10- dfork i<+rs le; vkSj fy[krs le; dky ds ca/ku VwV tkrs gSa vkSj cPpksa ds [ksyrs le;&
¼v½ /keZ ds ca/ku VwV tkrs gSa ¼c½ HksnHkko ds c/kau VwV tkrs gSa
¼l½ lafd.kZrk ds ca/ku VwV tkrs gSa ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
1- Þdfork ds cgkusß dfork es dfo dks fdl ckr dk lUnsg gS\

2- dfork dh mM+ku o fpfM+;k¡ dh mM+ku esa D;k vUrj gS\
8
3- dfork vkSj cPpkas ds [ksy es D;k lekurk gS \
4- dfork dh rqyuk Qwyksa ls D;ksa dh xbZ gS\ crkb,
5- dfork dh mM+ku dks fpfM+;k¡ D;ksa ugh tku ldrh gS\
6- cPpksa o dfork ds lUnHkZ esa Þ;g ?kj] og ?kjß dk D;k vFkZ gS\
7- dfork dk f[kyuk Qwy D;ksa ugh tku ldrk gS\
8- Þdfork ds cgkusß dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,A
9- dfork ds lUnHkZ esa fcuk eqj>k, egdus ds ek;us D;k gS\
1- Þdfork ds cgkusß ds vkèkkj ij dfork ds vlhfer vfLrRo dks Li"V dhft,\

2- cPps dh mNy&dwn] lc ?kj ,d nssuk ,oa dfo dk dfork fy[kuk Þnksuksaß esa D;k lekurk gS\ dfork
ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,
3- dfork dh rqyuk cPpksa ds [ksy ls D;ksa dh xbZ gS\dfork ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft, A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo da¡qoj ukjk;.k dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
9
¼2½ Þckr lh/kh Fkh ij**
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- Þckr lh/kh Fkh ijß dfork ds jpf;rk dkSu gS\

¼v½ d¡qoj ukjk;.k ¼c½ fQjkd xksjoiqjh ¼l½ mek’kadj tks’kh ¼n½ j/kqohj lgk; ¼v½
2- lh/kh ckr fdlds pDdj esa Vs<h gks xbZ\
¼v½ rdZ’kkL= ds ¼c½ foKku ds ¼l½ Hkk"kk ds ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼l½
3- Hkk"kk ds D;k djus ls ckr vkSj vf/kd isphnk gks xbZ\
¼v½ myVus iyVus ls ¼c½ rksM+us&ejksM+us ls ¼l½ ?kqekus&fQjkus ls ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
4- dfo ds djrcksa dks ns[kdj rek’kchuksa us D;k fd;k\
¼v½ mldh >wBh rkjhQ dh ¼c½ 'kkck’kh nh
¼l½ okg okgh dh ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
5- ckr dfo ds lkFk fdlds leku [ksy jgh Fkh\
¼v½ isap ds ¼c½ dhy ds ¼l½ cPps ds ¼n½ f[kykSus ds ¼l½
6- Þckr dh pwM+h ej tkukß ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼v½ ckr dk izHkkoghu gks tkuk ¼c½ ckr dk lgt vkSj Li"V gks tkuk
¼l½ ckr es dlkoV vk tkuk ¼n½ buesa ls dksbZ ugh ¼v½
7- dfork esa fdldh lgtrk dh ckr dh xbZ gS\
¼v½ vydkaj dh ¼c½ NUn dh ¼l½ O;kdj.k dh ¼n½ Hkk"kk dh ¼n½
8- cukoVh vkSj vkMEcj;qDRk Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx ls ckr dSlh gks xbZ\
¼v½ izHkkoghu ¼c½ mÌs’;ghu ¼l½ vFkZghu ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz’u
1- Hkk"kk dks lgwfy;r ls cjrus dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\
2- dfo ds vuqlkj dksbZ ckr isphnk dSls gks tkrh gS\
3- Þç'kalk dk O;fä ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\ß Þckr lhèkh Fkh ijß dfork ds vkèkkj ij crkb,A
4- isap dks [kksyus vkSj dlus dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
5- Þvkf[kjdkj ogh gqvk ftldk eq>s Mj Fkkß dfo dks D;k Mj Fkk \ fyf[k,A
6- Þlkjh eqf'dy dks èkS;Z ls le>s fcukß dfork ds vuqlkj èkS;Z u j[kus dk D;k ifj.kke gqvk \
7- dfo dks ilhuk vkus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
8- Þckr lhèkh Fkh ijß dfork esa dfo dk D;k lUns'k gS\
10
9- ÞD;k rqeus Hkk"kk dks lgwfy;r ls cjruk dHkh ugha lh[kkßA bl iafä esa fufgr O;Xa; dks Li"V
dhft,A
10- Þckr lh/kh Fkh ijß dfork dk çfrik| crkb, A
nh?kZ mÙkjkRed ç'u
1- ckr vkSj Hkk"kk ijLij tqM+s gksrs gaS fdUrq dHkh dHkh Hkk"kk ds pDdj esa lh/kh ckr Hkh Vs<+h gks tkrh gSA
dSls \ Li"V dhft,A
2- dfork esa dfo Hkk"kk ds fo"k; ij O;aX; djds D;k fl) djuk pkgrs gSa\ **ckr lh/kh Fkh ij** dfork
ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
11
4- j?kqohj lgk;
dSejs esa cUn vikfgt
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- **dSejs es cUn vikfgt** dfork esa ehfM;k ds fdl ek/;e dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ jsfM;ksa ¼c½ Vsyhfotu ¼l½ bUVjusV ¼n½ flusek ¼c½
2- Þvkidk vikfgtiu vkidksß iafDRk esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ vuqizkl ¼c½ ;ed ¼l½ :id ¼n½ 'ys"k ¼v½
3- nwjn’kZu ds lapkyd us Lo;a dks D;k crk;k gS\
¼v½ leFkZ 'kfDRkoku ¼c½ Hkxoku ¼l½ ijekRek ¼n½ vikfgt dk laj{kd ¼ v ½
4- ÞQwyh gqbZ vk¡[k dh cM+h rLohjß iafDRk esa dkSulk fcEc gS\
¼v½ xfr’khy fcEc ¼c½ Li’kZ fcEc ¼l½ n`’; fcEc ¼n½ JO; fcEc ¼l½
5- vikfgtiu dk D;k vFkZ gS\
¼v½ etcwr ¼c½ 'kkjhfjd :i ls detksj
¼l½ vPNk O;fDRk ¼n½ lHkh ¼c½
6- ge vikfgt O;fDRk dks D;ksa :yk nsrs gSa\
¼v½ dk;ZØe jkspd cus ¼c½ cksj yxs ¼l½ jkspd ugha yxs ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼v½
7- dSejs esa D;k fn[kyk,axs \
¼v½ cUn vk¡[k ¼c½ Qwyh gqbZ vk¡[k ¼l½ xqLls es yky vk¡[k ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼c½
8- ÞdlelkgVß dk D;k vFkZ gS\
¼v½ [kq’kh ¼c½ cSpsuh ¼l½ xqLlk ¼n½ nq[k ¼c½
9- ijns ij fdldh dher gksrh gS\
¼v½ oDRk dh ¼c½ n’kZdksa dh ¼l½ esgekuksa dh ¼n½ lHkh dh ¼v½
10- j?kqohj lgk; dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1919 ¼c½ 1939 ¼l½ 1929 ¼n½ 1909 ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- ehfM;k }kjk detksj O;fä dks cqykus ds ihNs D;k mís'; gS\
2- ÞdSejs esa cUn vikfgtß dfork ls lapkj ekè;eks dh dkSu lh lPpkbZ mtkxj gksrh gS\
3- nwjn'kZu ds dk;ZØe esa jkspdrk mRiUu djus gsrq lapkyd D;k D;k mik; djrk gS\
4- dfork esa vikfgt O;fä vkSj n'kZdksa dks ,d lkFk #ykus dk ç;kl D;ksa fd;k x;k gS\
12
5- Þ;g volj [kks nsaxsß iafä dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
6- Þvkidks vikfgt gksdj dSlk yxrk gS\ß izLrqr dFku ehfM;k dh fdl ekufld fLFkfr dks n'kkZrk gS\
7- Þgesa nksuksa ,d lax #ykus gSaß iafä dk vk'k; Li"V fdft,A
8- ÞinZs ij oä dh dher gSß dFku dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\
1- **vki ns[k jgs Fks lkekftd mns’; ls ;qDRk dk;ZØe** ¼cl FkksM+h gh dlj jg xbZ½ iafDr esa fufgr
O;aX; dks Li"V dhft,A
2- **dSejs esa cUn vikfgt** dfork dk ewy izfrik| fyf[k,A
3- dSejs essa cUn vikfgt dfork ÞO;kolkf;d ncko ds rgr ,d O;fDRk ds laosnughu joS;s dks izLrqr
djrh gSß dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
4- dSejs esa cUn vikfgt dfork ds vk/kkj ij laosnughu ekuoh; n`f"Vdks.k ds lEcU/k esa viuh izfrfØ;k
fyf[k,A
5- ÞdSejs esa cUn vikfgtß dfork **d:.kk ds eq[kkSVs esa fNih Øqjrk dh dfork gS** bl lECkU/k esa vius
fopkj fyf[k,A
dfo ifjp;&
1- dfo j?kqohj lgk; dk O;fDRkRo ,oa d`frRo ifjp; fyf[k,A
13
5- 'ke’ksj cgknqj flag
Þm"kkÞ
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- Hkksj ds le; vkdk’k dk jax dSlk gS\

¼v½ uhyk ¼c½ Hkwjk ¼l½ cSxuh ¼n½ xqykch ¼v½
2- 'ke’ksj cgknqj flag dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1911 ¼c½ 1921 ¼l½1917 ¼n½ 1928 ¼v½
3- Þcgqr uhyk 'ka[k tSlkß iafDRk esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ miek ¼c½ :id ¼l½ ’ys"k ¼n½ vuqizkl ¼v½
4- m"kk dk tknw VwVus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
¼v½ cjlkr vkuk ¼c½ rkjks dk fn[kkbZ nsuk
¼l½ lw;kZsn; gksuk ¼n½ nksigj dk gksuk ¼l½
5- ßxksj f>yfey nsgß izd`fr ds fdl miknku dh gS\
¼v½ pUnzek dh ¼c½ lw;Z dh ¼l½ /kjrh dh ¼n½ rkykc dh ¼c½
6- 'ke’ksj cgknqj flag eq[;r% fgUnh dh fdl /kkjk ds dfo gS\
¼v½ Nk;kokn ¼c½ izxfrokn ¼l½ iz;ksxokn ¼n½ ubZ dfork ¼l½
7- m"kk dfork esa fdldk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
¼v½ 'kgj dh lqcg ¼c½ ou dh lqcg ¼l½ xk¡o dh lqcg ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼l½
8- Þm"kkß dfork ds jpukdkj gS\
¼v½ 'ke’ksj cgknqj flag ¼c½ dqaoj ukjk;.k ¼l½ j?kqohj lgk; ¼n½ vkyksd /kUok ¼v½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- Hkksj ds uHk vkSj jk[k ls yhis gq, pkSds esa D;k lekurk gS\
2- dfo us Hkksj ds uHk ds lkSUn;Z dh rqyuk fdu&fdu miekuksa ls dh gS\
3- Þuhys ty esa f>yfeykrh xksjo.kZ nsgß dk iz;ksx fdl n`'; gsrq fd;k x;k gS\
4+- m"kk dfork esa lw;ksZn; ds fdl :i dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gS \
5- Þizkr% uHk Fkk cgqr uhyk 'ka[k tSlsß iafDRk esa dfo us vkdk'k dh D;k D;k fo'ks"krk, crkbZ gS\
6- Þjk[k ls yhik gqvk pkSdkß dfo us ,slk D;ksa dgk\
7- Þm"kkß dfork ls dfo us D;k O;tauk dh gS\
8- 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag }kjk jfpr dkO; laxzg crkb,A
14
1- Þm"kk dfork esa xzkeh.k ifjos'k dh lqcg dk lqUnj fp= izLrqr fd;k x;k gSAß dfork ds vk/kkj ij
dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
vFkok
m"kk dfork xzkeh.k ifjos'k dk xfr'khy fp=.k gSA Li"V dhft,
vFkok
'ke'ksj dh m"kk dfork xk¡o dh lqcg dk thoUr fp=.k gS dFku dh iqf"V dhft,
2- lw;kZsn; ds lkFk m"kk dk tknw dSls VwV tkrk gS\ dfork ds vk/kkj ij LIk"V dhft,A
3- m"kk dfork ds vk/kkj ij lw;kZsan; ls fBd igys iy&iy ifjofrZr gksrs izkd`frd n`';ksa dk o.kZu
dhft,A
4- m"kk dfork dk dsUnzh; Hkko Li"V dhft,A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
15
6- lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh *fujkyk*
Þckny jkxÞ
cgqp;ukREkd iz’u&
1- ckny jkx dfork ds jpukdkj dkSu gS\

¼v½ fujkyk ¼c½ izlkn ¼l½ iar ¼n½ cPpu ¼v½
2- fujkyk dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1990 ¼c½ 1899 ¼l½ 1900 ¼n½ 1890 ¼c½
3- dfork es foIyo ds ohj fdls dgk x;k gS\
¼v½ iwathoknh yksxksa dks ¼c½ ckny dks ¼l½ xjhcksa dks ¼n½ dksbZ ugh ¼c½
4- Þckny jkxß dfork fdl dkO; /kkjk dh dfork gS\
¼v½ Nk;koknh ¼c½ izxfroknh ¼l½ iz;ksxoknh ¼n½ lkBksrjh ¼c½
5- ØkfUr dh vk'kadk ls dkSu Hk;Hkhr jgrk gS\
¼v½ 'kks"kd oxZ ¼c½ 'kksf"kr oxZ ¼l½ dfo ¼n½ ikBd ¼v½
6- vk/kqfud fgUnh esa ÞeqDr NUnß ds iz.ksrk dkSu gS\
¼v½ fujkyk ¼c½ iar ¼l½ f=ykspu ¼n½ ukxktZqu ¼v½
7-- ckny jkx dfork esa ckny fdldk izrhd gS\
¼v½ 'kks"kd dk ¼c½ 'kksf"kr dk ¼l½ 'kkfUr dk ¼n½ ØkfUr dk ¼n½
8- Þ;g rsjh j.k rjhß ;gk¡ Þj.k rjhß ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼v½ /ku ls Hkjh ukSdk ¼c½ lqUnj ukSdk ¼l½ ;q) dh ukSdk ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼l½
9- Þckny jkxß dfork esa lq[k dks dSlk crk;k x;k gS\
¼v½ fLFkj ¼c½ papy ¼l½ vfLFkj ¼n½ vn`'; ¼l½
10- Þty&foIyo Iykouß fdl ij gksrk gS\
¼v½ tyt ij ¼c½ ukSdk ij ¼l½ dhpM+ ij ¼n½ uHk ij ¼l½
11- Þ'kS'ko dk lqdqekj 'kjhjß fdlesa g¡lrk jgrk gS\
¼v½ jksx&'kksd es ¼c½ vkuUn esa ¼l½ lq[k esa ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼v½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- ckny jkx dfork esa Þ,s foIyo ds ohjß fdls dgk x;k gS vkSj D;ksa\
2- ckny vkSj ckny jkx ds izrhd dks Li"V dhft,A
3- Þckny jkxß dfork esa vV~Vkfydkvksa dks vkrad Hkou D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
16
4- ckny dh ;q) ukSdk fdLkls Hkjh gS\
5- Þckny jkxß thou fuekZ.k ds u, ;qx dk lwpd gS dFku dks Li"V dhft,A
6- Þckny jkxß dfork ls dfo fujkyk dh fdl ØkfUrdkjh fopkj/kkjk dk irk pyrk gS\
7- dfork esa Þ{kqC/k rks"kß fdl ckr dh vksj ladsr djrk gS\ crkb,A
8- Þckny jkxß dfork esa ckny fdlku ds lUnHkZ esa D;k lUns'k ns jgk gS\
9- Þckny jkxß dfork dk mns'; LIk"V dhft,A
nh?kZ mÙkjkRed iz'u&
1- ØkfUr dh xtZuk dk 'kks"kd oxZ ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \ mudk eq[k <kaiuk fdl ekufldrk dk
|ksrd gS\ Þckny jkxß dfork ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft,A
2- Þckny ds xtZu vkSj dzkfUrdkjh usrk }kjk ØkfUr dk vkg~okuß buesa dkSulh lekurk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS\
LIk"V dhft,A
3- ckny dh xtZu ls NksVs ikS/kkas ij vkSj foIyoh usrk ds vkgoku ls Jfed oxZ ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\
dfork ds vk/kkj ij LIk"V dhft,A
4- th.kZ 'kh.kZ 'kjhj okys dkSu yksx cknyksa dks cqykrs gaS\ vkSj D;ksa\ Li"V dhft,A
5- Þckny jkxß dfork rkRdkfyd oafpr oxZ dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk izfrfcEc gS dfork ds vk/kkj ij dFku
dh leh{kk dhft,A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh fujkyk dk O;fDRkRo ,oa d`frRo ifjp; fyf[k,A
17
7- rqylhnkl
¼1½ dforkoyh ¼mrjdkaM½
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- xksLokeh rqylhnkl dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1940 ¼c½ 1532 ¼l½ 1523 ¼n½ 1623 ¼c½
2- dforkoyh dh Hkk"kk D;k gS\
¼v½ vo/kh ¼c½ czt ¼l½ [kMh cksyh ¼n½ cgksyh ¼c½
3- rqylhnkl fdl ;qx ds Js"B dfo gS\
¼v½ vkfndky ¼c½ HkfDrdky ¼l½ jhfrdky ¼n½ vk/kqfud dky ¼c½
4- cfy 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gSS\
¼v½ ckyh ¼c½ deZ ¼l½ nku ¼n½ O;kikj ¼l½
5- nkfjn&n'kkuu esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ miek ¼c½ :id ¼l½ ;ed ¼n½ 'ys'k ¼c½
6- rqylhnkl th us jkepfjrekul dh jpuk dc dh \
¼v½ 1574 bZ- ¼c½ 1584 bZ- ¼l½ 1532 bZ- ¼n½ 1623 bZ- ¼v½
7- isV dh vfXu dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ gS\
¼v½ pqYgs dh vkx ls ¼c½ cMokfXu ls ¼l½ nkokuy ls ¼n½ ;K dh vfXu ls ¼c½
8- rqylhnkl us bl nqO;ZoLFkk esa fdl ij Hkjkslk trk;k gS\
¼v½ Jhjke ij ¼c½ 'kklu ij ¼l½ bUnz ij ¼n½ HkkX; ij ¼v½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- rqylhnkl }kjk Þelhrß esa lksus dk fufgrkFkZ crkb, A
2- isV Hkjus ds fy, D;k D;k vuSfrd dk;Z fd, tk jgs gaS\
3- rqylh us nfjærk dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS\ vkSj D;kas \
4- thfodksiktZu ls foghu yksx fdl fpark esa Mwcs gS\
5- dforkoyh ds vuqlkj osnkas vkSj iqjk.kksa esa D;k dgk x;k gS\
6- rqylh us Lo;a dks jke dk xqyke D;ksa dgk gS\
7- ÞisV dh vkx dk 'keu bZ'oj ¼jke½ Hkfä dk es?k gh dj ldrk gSß vki rqylhnkl ds bl dFku ls
fdl gn rd lger gS \ fyf[k,A
18
1- Þrqylh ;qx dh leL;k, orZeku lekt esa Hkh fo|eku gSß bl dFku ls vki dgk¡ rd lger gS\
Li"V dhft,A
2- dforkoyh ds NUnkas esa rqylh us vius ;qx dh vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fo"kerk dks vfHkO;ä fd;k gS\
dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
3- Þèkwr dgkS] voèkwr dgkS] tksykgk dgks dksbZß bl loS;s esa lgt] ljy o fujhg ls fn[kkbZ iM+us okys
rqylh dh vkUrfjd okLrfodrk ,d LokfHkekuh Hkä ân; dh gSA bl lUnHkZ esa viuk er fyf[k,A
4- Þfofoèk fo"kerkvksa ls xzLr dfydky rqylh dk ;qxhu ;FkkFkZ gSß dFku dks rdZ lfgr Li"V dhft,A
5- Þrqylhnkl dh yksd o 'kkL= nksuksa esa xgjh iSB gSß rFkk thou o txr dh O;kid vuqHkwfr vkSj
ekfeZd çlaxks dh vpwd le> gSAß dFku dk rdZ lfgr mrj nhft,A
19
¼2½ y{e.k ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foyki
cgqp;ukRed iz'u
1- jkepfjrekul esa fdrus dkaM gS\
¼v½ 6 ¼c½ 7 ¼l½ 8 ¼n½ 9 ¼c½
2- Þlqr fcr ukjh Hkou ifjokjkß iafDr esa vk, Þfcrß ls rkRi;Z gS\
¼v½ /ku ¼c½ chrk gqvk ¼l½ e`r ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼v½
3- y{e.k ds ewfPNZr gksus ij dkSu foyki djus yxk\
¼v½ guqeku ¼c½ Jhjke ¼l½ n'kjFk ¼n½ lqxzho ¼c½
4- lkai dk thou fdlds fcuk nhu&ghu gS\
¼v½ ef.k ¼c½ tgj ¼l½ nUr ¼n½ Q.k ¼v½
5- y{e.k&ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foyki izlax esa fdl jl dh izeq[krk gS\
¼v½ Ükàxkj jl ¼c½ d:.k jl ¼l½ Hk;kud jl ¼n½ jksnz jl ¼c½
6- jkepfjrekul fdl Hkk"kk esa jfpr gS\
¼v½ czt ¼c½ vo/kh ¼l½ eSfFkyh ¼n½ Hkkstiqjh ¼c½
7- bl izlax esa fdldh {kfr dks egRoghu crk;k x;k gS\
¼v½ HkkbZ dh ¼c½ ukjh dh ¼l½ ifjokj dh ¼n½ LokLF; dh ¼c½
8- Þfeygh u txrq lgksnj Hkzkrkß dFku fdldk gS\
¼v½ guqeku ¼c½ Jhjke ¼l½ y{e.k ¼n½ dqHkdj.k ¼c½
9- jko.k ds LkHkh ;ks)kvks dk lagkj fdlus fd;k\
¼v½ guqeku ¼c½ tkeoar ¼l½ uy&uhy ¼n½ y{e.k ¼v½
10- **rkr~** 'kCn ls rkRi;Z gSA
¼v½ HkkbZ ¼c½ iq= ¼l½ ekek ¼n½ nknk ¼v½
11- Þy{e.k ewPNkZ vkSj jke dk foykiß dkO;ka'k jkepfjrekul ds fdl dkaM ls fy;k x;k gS\
¼v½ v;ks/;k dkaaM ¼c½ ckydkaM ¼l½ yadk dkaM ¼n½ lqUnjdkaM ¼l½
20
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- jke dks y{e.k ds fcuk] viuk thou dSlk yxrk gS\
2- jko.k dh ckrksa ij dqHakdj.k us D;k çfrfØ;k nh \
3- Þcksys opu euqt vuqlkjhß ls dfo dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
4- ia[k ds fcuk i{kh vkSj lw.M ds fcuk gkFkh dh D;k n'kk gksrh gS\ dkO; çlax esa budk mYys[k D;ksa
fd;k x;k gS\
5- HkkbZ ds çfr jke ds çse dh çxk<+rk muds fdu fopkjksa ls O;ä gqbZ gS\
vFkok
y{e.k tSlk HkkbZ lalkj esa dksbZ ugha gS Jhjke us ;s ckr D;ksa dgh \
6- y{e.k ds Bhd gksus dk lekpkj lqudj jko.k us D;k fd;k\
7- guqeku eu gh eu Hkjr th dh ç'kalk D;ksa djrs tk jgs gSa \
1- dfo us Hkkr`'kksd esa Mwcs jke dh n'kk dks mudh ujyhyk dh vis{kk lPph ekuoh; vuqHkwfr ds :i esa
jpk gSA rdZ iw.kZ fopkj fyf[k, A
2- 'kksdxzLr okrkoj.k esa guqeku ds vorj.k dks d:.k jl ds chp ohj jl dk vkfoHkkZo D;ksa dgk x;k
gS\ Li"V dhft,A
3- Þy{e.k ewPNkZ ij jke dk foykiß esa rqylhnkl ukjh ds çfr rRdkyhu lekt dh ekU;rkvksa ds çHkko
ls cp ugha ik, gSA lksnkgj.k dFku dks Li"V dhft,A
dfo ifjp;
1- Hkä dfo xksLokeh rqylhnkl dk ifjp; fyf[k, A
21
8- fQjkd+ xksj[kiqjh
:ckb;k¡
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- fQjkd xkjs[kiqjh dk tUe dc gqvk\
¼v½ 1896 ¼c½ 1890 ¼l½ 1996 ¼n½ 1995 ¼v½
2- Þxksj[kiqjhß dks fdl jpuk ds fy, lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj fn;k x;k gSS\
¼v½ cTes ftnaxh ¼c½ xqys uXek ¼l½ mnqZ xtyxksbZ ¼n½ jaxs 'kk;jh ¼c½
3- cPpksa ds ?kjksanks esa nhid dkSu tykrk gSS\
¼v½ firk ¼c½ nknh ¼l½ ekrk ¼n½ cfgu ¼l½
4- f[kyf[kykrs cPps dh galh dc xwat mBrh gSS\
¼v½ tc ek¡ mls I;kj ls gok esa mNkyrh gSA ¼c½ tc ek¡ mlds xkslqvksa esa da/kh djrh gSA
¼l½ tc ek¡ mldks diMsa+ igukrh gSA ¼n½ tc ek¡ mls f[kyksuas nsrh gSA ¼v½
5- ßyksdk nsukß eqgkojs dk vFkZ gS\
¼v½ gok esa mNkyuk ¼c½ mij ls Qsaduk ¼l½ ckgj fudky nsuk ¼n½ Hkxk nsuk ¼v½
6- Þmy>s gq, xsalqvksa esa da?kh djdsß iafaDr esa Þxsalqvksß ls rkRi;Z gSS\
¼v½ ckyksa es ¼c½ diMksa esa ¼l½ ?kqVuksa esa ¼n½ gkFkksa esa ¼v½
7- ckyd fdl ij yypk;k gSS\
¼v½ feBkbZ ij ¼c½ f[kykSuksa ij ¼l½ pk¡n ij ¼n½ u, diMksa ij ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- ckyd dc çlUurk dk vuqHko djrk gS\
2- dfo us pk¡n dk VqdM+k fdls vkSj D;ksa dgk gS\
3- yPNs fdls dgk x;k gS\ budk lEcUèk fdl R;ksgkj ls gS\
4- cPpk ek¡ dh xksn esa dSlh çfrfØ;k djrk gS\
5- jl dh iqryh dkSu gS\ mls ;g laKk D;ksa nh xbZ gS\
6- ckyd }kjk pk¡n ekaxus dhs ft+n dks ek¡ us dSls iwjk fd;k\
7 Þxwat mBrh gS f[kyf[kykrs cPps dh galhß iafä dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
22
1- cPps dks ysdj ek¡ ds fdu fdu fØ;k dykiks dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gS\ muls mlds fdl Hkko dh
vfHkO;fä gqbZ gS\ Li"V dhft,A
2- Þvkaxu es Bqud jgk gS ftn+;k;k gS] ckyd rks gbZZ pk¡n iS yypk;k gSß iafä;ks es ckyd dh dkSu
dkSulh fo'ks"krk, vfHkO;ä gqbZ \ fyf[k,A
3- fQjkd dh #ckbZ;ksa esa mHkjs ?kjsyw thou ds fccksa dk lkSUn;Z Li"V dhft,A
dfo ifjp;
1- dfo fQjkd xksj[kiqjh dk ifjp; fyf[k,A
23
9- mek'kadj tks'kh
¼1½ NksVk esjk [ksr
cgqp;ukRed &
1- mek'kadj tks'kh dk tUe dc gqvk \
¼v½ 1901 bZ- ¼c½ 1921 bZ- ¼l½ 1911 bZ- ¼n½ 1915 bZ- ¼l½
2- jl dk v{k; ik= fdls dgk x;k gS \
¼v½ xUus dks ¼c½ lkfgR; ¼dfork dks½ ¼l½ [ksr dks ¼n½ buesa dksbZ ugha ¼c½
3- lkfgR; dk jlk;u D;k gS \
¼v½ [kkn ¼c½ dYiuk ¼l½ cht ¼n½ vFkZ ¼c½
4-- *NksVk esjk [ksr pkSdksuk* mieku dk iz;ksx fdlds fy, fd;k x;k gS \
¼v½ oxkZdkj :i ds fy, ¼c½ iYyo ds fy,
¼l½ dkxt ds iUus ds fy, ¼n½ Qly ds fy, ¼l½
5- dfo us dYiuk :ih cht dgk¡ cks;k \
¼v½ [ksr esa ¼c½ dkxt ds iUus ij ¼l½ taxy esa ¼n½ rkykc esa ¼c½
6- **>weus yxs Qy** iafDr esa fufgr vFkZ gS &
¼v½ dfo dh dfork rS;kj gks xbZA ¼c½ [ksr esa Qly id xbZA
¼l½ isM+ dk Qy id x;kA ¼n½ gok ls Qy >weus yxsA ¼v½
7- fuEufyf[kr esa dkSulh jpuk mek'kadj tks'kh dh ugha gS \
¼v½ fu'khFk ¼c½ Jko.kh eseks ¼l½ xaxks=h ¼n½ iYyo ¼n½
8- **NksVk esjk [ksr pkSdksuk** dfork esa dfo us fdldh dVkbZ dh ckr dh gS \
¼v½ Qly dh ¼c½ vdqaj dh ¼l½ {k.k dh ¼n½ vuUrrk dh ¼n½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &
1- *jl vykSfdd ve`r /kkjk,¡ QwVrh gS* jl dh vykSfdd /kkjk,¡ dc] dgk¡ vkSj D;ksa QwVrh gS \
2- **ywVrs jgus ls tjk Hkh de ugha gksrh** iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
3- ewy fopkj dks {k.k dk cht D;ksa dgk x;k gS \ mldk :i ifjorZu fdu jlk;uksa ls gksrk gS\
4- 'kCn :ih vadqj QwVus ls D;k vk'k; gS \
5- jl dk v{k; ik= fdls vkSj D;ksa dgk x;k gS \
6- **cht xy x;k fu%'ks"k&NksVk esjk [ksr** iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
24
nh?kZmÙkjkRed iz'u &
1- NksVk esjk [ksr dfork dk izfrik| ;k ewy Hkko fyf[k,A
2- **jksikbZ {k.k dh] dVkbZ vuUrrk dh**
ywVrs jgus ls tjk Hkh ugha de gksrh
jl dk v{k; ik= lnk dk
NksVk esjk [ksr pkSdksuk** dfork dk dkO; lkSUn;Z Li"V dhft,A
3- **NksVk esjk [ksr** dfork ds vk/kkj ij [ksr rFkk dkxt ds iUus esa tks lekurk gS] mls Li"V dhft,A
dfo ifjp;&
1- dfo mek'kadj tks'kh dk ifjp; fyf[k,A
25
¼2½ cxqyksa ds ia[k
cgqp;ukRed &
1- **cxqyksa ds ia[k** dfork ds jpukdkj dkSu gS \
¼v½ j?kqohj lgk; ¼c½ mek'kadj tks'kh ¼l½ ukxktqZu ¼n½ fujkyk ¼c½
2- iafDrc) gks dj mM+rs tk jgs cxqyksa ds n`'; esa dkSulk fcEc gS \
¼v½ JO; fcEc ¼c½ n`'; fcEc ¼l½ xfr'khy fcECk ¼n½ Li'kZ fcECk ¼l½
3- cxqyksa ds ia[kksa dk jax dSlk gS \
¼v½ lQsn ¼c½ dkyk ¼l½ uhyk ¼n½ xqykch ¼v½
4-- **cxqyksa ds ia[k** dfork esa dfo fdl n`'; ij eqX/k gS \
¼v½ lqcg dk n`'; ¼c½ 'kke dk n`';
¼l½ vkdk'k esa Nk, cknyksa dk n`'; ¼n½ lQsn caxqyksa dk iafDr cukdj mM+uk ¼n½
5- lka> dh lrst 'osr dk;k D;k dj jgh gS \
¼v½ Hkkx jgh gS ¼c½ mM jgh gS ¼l½ rSj jgh gS ¼n½ ugk jgh gS ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &
1- **cxqyksa ds ia[k** dfork dk izfrik| crkb,A
2- **uHk esa ikarh cka/ks cxqyks ds ia[k** ls dfo dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
3- **pqjk, fy, tkrh esjh vk¡[ksa** iafDr esa vk¡[ksa pqjkus ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \
26
vkjksg x| [k.M
10- egknsoh oekZ
ÞHkfDruß
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- lsok /keZ esa HkfDRku fdl dh rjg lefiZr Hkko ls lsokjr Fkh\
¼v½ x.ks'k th ¼c½ Hkjr th ¼l½ guqeku th ¼n½ y{e.k th ¼l½
2- HkfDRku dk ewy uke D;k gSA
¼v½ yNfeu ¼c½ ekfyu ¼l½ HkfDRku ¼n½ iqjf[ku ¼v½
3- thou esa izk;% lHkh dks fdlds lkFk thuk iMrk gS\
¼v½ lq[k ds lkFk ¼c½ csijokgh ds lkFk
¼l½ deZghurk ds lkFk ¼n½ uke ds fojks/kkHkkl ds lkFk ¼n½
4- *HkfDRku* ikB esa lekt dk dSlk Lo:i izR;{k gksrk gS \
¼v½ laosnu'khy ¼c½ fir`lrkRed ¼l½ Ny&diV ¼n½ ekr`lrkRed ¼c½
5- Vdlky dk D;k vFkZ gksrk gSA
¼v½ lkS lky dk le; ¼c½ tgk¡ flDds <kys tkrs gaSA
¼l½ [kksVk HkkX; ¼n½ vkokt djus okyk ;a= ¼c½
6- vft;k llqj fdls dgk x;k gS \
¼v½ ifr ds pkpk ¼c½ ifr ds ekek ¼l½ ifr ds nknk ¼n½ ifr ds firk ¼v½
7- HkfDRku dk 'kgj vkus dk dkj.k D;k Fkk\
¼v½ dekbZ djuk ¼c½ tehankj }kjk nh xbZ ltk
¼l½ O;olk; djuk ¼n½ ?kj dk dyg ¼c½
8- HkfDRku lcls T;knk fdlls Mjrh gS\
¼v½ ysf[kdk ls ¼c½ ;q) ¼l½ dkjkxkj ¼n½ ekyfdu dh ukjktxh ¼ l ½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u
1- Hkfäu dh lkl mlds lkFk HksnHkko iw.kZ O;ogkj D;ksa djrh Fkh\
2- Hkfäu ds eu esa tsy tkus okyksa ds çfr D;k Hkko Fks \
3- Hkfäu ds vk tkus ls ysf[kdk vfèkd nsgkrh D;ksa gks xbZ A
4- Hkfäu dk nqHkkZX; D;k Fkk \ mls gBh D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
27
5- **Hkfäu laLej.k** esa lekt dh fdu leL;kvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS\
6- **Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt esa yM+dsa&yM+fd;ksa esa fd, tkus okys HksnHkko dks** Hkfäu laLej.k ds vkèkkj
ij Li"V dhft,
7- bèkj mèkj fc[kjs :i;s iSlksa dks Hkfäu }kjk laHkkydj j[kuk D;k pksjh gS\ vius fopkj fyf[k, A
8- Hkfäu us ysf[kdk ds thou dks dSls çHkkfor fd;k\
9- **Hkfäu okDiVqrk esa cgqr vkxs Fkh** ikB ds vkèkkj ij mnkgj.k nsdj Li"V dhft, A
10- fcuk i<+s gh Hkfäu i<us okyksa dh xq# dSls cu xbZ\ Li"V dhft,A
11- **L=h gh L=h dh nq'eu gksrh gS** dFku dks **Hkfäu laLej.k** ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
12- **esjs Hkze.k dh ,dkar lkfFku Hkfäu gh jghA** egknsoh ds bl dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft, A
nh?kZ mÙkjkRed ç'u&
1- Hkfäu dh csVh ij iapk;r }kjk tcju ifr Fkksik tkuk ,d nq?kZVuk ugha] cfYd fookg ds lUnHkZ esa
L=h ds ekuokfèkdkj ;k Lora=rk dks dqpyrs jgus dh lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh lkekftd ijEijk dk
çrhd gSA dSls\ Li"V dhft,A
2- **Hkfäu laLej.k** ds vkèkkj ij Hkfäu dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A
3- Hkfäu dk vrhr ifjokj vkSj lekt dh fdu leL;kvksa ls tw>rs gq, chrk gS\ ikB ds vkèkkj ij
Li"V nhft,A
28
11- tSusUnz dqekj
*cktkj n'kZu*
cgqp;ukRed ç'u&
1- *cktkj n'kZu* ds jpf;rk dkSu gS\
¼v½ egknsoh oekZ ¼c½ tSusUæ dqekj ¼l½ èkeZohj Hkkjrh ¼n½ çsepUn ¼c½
2- *cktkj n'kZu* dk çfrik| D;k gS \
¼v½ cktkj ls ykHk ¼c½ cktkjhdj.k
¼l½ cktkj tkus dh lykg ¼n½ cktkj ds mi;ksx dh foospuk ¼n½
3- cktkj dk iks"k.k djus okys vFkZ'kkL= dks ys[kd us D;k dgk gS\
¼v½ uhfr'kkL= ¼c½ vuhfr'kkL= ¼l½ èkeZ'kkL= ¼n½ lekt'kkL= ¼c½
4- cktkj dks 'kSrku dk tky fdlus dgk \
¼v½ ys[kd us ¼c½ iRuh us ¼l½ ys[kd ds fe= us ¼n½ Lo;a cktkj us ¼l½
5- Þcktkj n'kZuÞ ikB esa ys[kd us fdldk o.kZu fd;k gS\
¼v½ miHkksäkokn ¼c½ ckt+kj dk tknqÃ çHkko
¼l½ lkaçnkf;drk ¼n½ mRiknks dk çHkko ¼c½
6- cktk:iu* ls D;k vfHkçk; gS \
¼v½ cktkj ls lkeku [kjhnuk ¼c½ ckt+kj ls vuko';d oLrq, [kjhnuk
¼l½ cktkj ls vko';d oLrq, [kjhnuk ¼n½ ckt+kj dks ltkdj vkd"kZd cukuk ¼c½
7- eu [kkyh gksus ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼v½ eu eas fo"k; fodkj u gksuk ¼c½ eu esa dksÃ y{; u gksuk
¼l½ eu papyrk u gksuk ¼n½ eu esa 'kq)rk u gksuk ¼c½
8- lPpk deZ lnk fdlds lkFk gksrk gS \
¼v½ iw.kZrk dh Loh—fr ds lkFk ¼c½ viw.kZrk dh Loh—fr ds lkFk
¼l½ viw.kZrk dh vLoh—fr ds lkFk ¼n½ iw.kZrk dh vLoh—fr ds lkFk ¼v½
29
9- ipsZÇtx ikoj D;k gS \
¼v½ ckt+kj ns[kuk ¼c½ Ø; 'kfä ¼l½ foØ; 'kfä ¼n½ ckt+kj ?kweuk ¼c½
10- tSusUæ dks fdl jpuk ds fy, lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj feyk \
¼v½ R;kxi= ¼c½ iktsc ¼l½ eqfäcks/k ¼n½ lqfurk ¼l½
11- Þcktkj n'kZuß ikB ds vuqlkj lalkj esa iw.kZ dkSu gS\
¼v½ ç—fr ¼c½ ;ksxh ¼l½ ijekRek ¼n½ euq"; ¼l½
12- Þckt+kj dk cktk:iuß dSls c<+rk gS\
¼v½ lLrk [kjhnus ls ¼c½ de [kjhnus ls
¼l½ t:jr ls vfèkd [kjhnus ls ¼n½ buesa ls dksÃ HkhA ¼l½
13- *ipsZÇtx ikoj* ls D;k vk'k; gS\
¼v½ cspus dh 'kfä ¼c½ de [kjhnus dh 'kfä
¼l½ lLrk [kjhnuk ¼n½ islkS ds cy ij vfèkd [kjhnuk vkSj fn[kkok ¼n½
14- eu esa udkj gksus dk ifj.kke gS&
¼v½ yksHk dh thr ¼c½ yksHk dh gkj
¼l½ vkneh dh thr ¼n½ yksHk dh thr vkSj vkneh dh gkj ¼n½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&
1- ys[kd us vFkZ'kkL= dks vuhfr'kkL= D;ksa dgk gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A
2- 'kwU; gksus dk vfèkdkj fdldk gS\ vkSj D;ksa \
3- cktkj dh lkFkZdrk fdlesa gS \
4- iSls dh O;aX; 'kfä dk rkRi;Z D;k gS\
5 cktkj n'kZu ls D;k vfHkçk; gS \
6- cktkj ds tknw ls cpus dk mik; D;k gS\
7- pwju okys Hkxr th ds thou ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
8- cktkj dk vkea=.k ewd D;ksa gksrk gS\
9- cktkj n'kZu fucaèk dk çfrik| Li"V dhft,A
10- cktk:iu ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
30
1- ys[kd us dSls cktkj dks ekuork ds fy, foMacuk dgk gS \ vkSj D;ksa \
2- dSls yksx cktkj ls u lPpk ykHk mBk ikrs gSa] u mls lPpk ykHk ns ldrs gaS\ os cktk:iu dks c<+krs
gSa\ dSls \
3- Hkxr th cktkj dks lkFkZdrk vkSj lekt dks 'kkfUr ns jgs gaSA *cktkj n'kZu* ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V
dhft,
4- **cktkj fdlh dk Çyx] tkfr] èkeZ ;k {ks= ugÈ ns[krk] og ns[krk gS flQZ mldh Ø; 'kfä dks**
dFku ls vki dgk¡ rd lger gS Li"V dhft,A
5- cktkj ds dkSuls nks i{k gksrs gSa \ mudh fo'ks"krk, crkb, A
ys[kd ifjp;
1- fucUèkdkj tSusUæ dqekj dk ifjp; fyf[k, A
31
12- /keZohj Hkkjrh
dkys es?kk ikuh ns
1- _f"k&eqfu;ksa us----------dks lcls Å¡pk LFkku fn;k gSA
¼v½ deZ ¼c½ nku ¼l½ /keZ ¼n½ Hkksx ¼c½
2- ys[kd lekt dh fdl dqjhfr dks [kRe djuk pkgrk Fkk \
¼v½ vijk/k ¼c½ Hkz"Vkpkj ¼l½ va/kfo'okl ¼n½ pkSjh&MdSrh ¼l½
3- thth ys[kd ds gkFkksa iwtk vuq"Bku D;ksa djkrh Fkh\
¼v½ ys[kd ds dY;k.k ds fy, ¼c½ Lo;a ds dY;k.k ds fy,
¼l½ ys[kd dh bPNk Fkh ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh ¼v½
4- ys[kd bUnz lsuk dks fdl uke ls iqdkjrk gS\
¼v½ banj eaMyh ¼c½ esa<d eaMyh ¼l½ ika[kMh lsuk ¼n½ /kjrh lsuk ¼c½
5- **dkys es?kk ikuh ns** laLdj.k ds vuqlkj vkt yksxksa dk ,d ek= y{; D;k gS \
¼v½ ijksidkj ¼c½ LokFkZ ¼l½ R;kx ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼c½
6- dkys es?kk ny ds ny meM+rs gSa ikuh >ek>e cjlrk gS dk izfrdkFkZ D;k gS \
¼v½ [kwc cjlk gksrh gS ¼c½ dksbZ I;klk ugha jgrk
¼l½ ;kstuk curh vkSj lckds ykHk feyrk gSA
¼n½ ;kstuk curh gS fØ;kUo;u gksrk gSA ij okLrfod yksxksa dks ykHk ugha feyrkA ¼n½
7- thth us nku ds i{k esa D;k rdZ fn,\
¼v½ tks ge ikuk pkgrs gSa igys mls nku djuk iM+rk gSA
¼c½ R;kx vkSj Hkksx esa dqN laca/k ugha
¼l½ thou esa R;kx djus okys dh thr gksrh gSA
¼n½ euq"; dks nkuh gksuk vfuok;Z gSA ¼v½
8- **vkf[kj dc cnysxh ;g fLFkfr** iafDr esa fdl fLFkfr dh ckr dgh gS \
¼v½ vktknh feyus dh ¼c½ ckfj'k gksus dh
¼l½ va/kfo'okl vkS ik[k.M ¼n½ Hkz"Vkpkj feVus dh ¼n½
9- ys[kd ds vuqlkj xka/kh th fdl ckr dks lp ugha ekurs Fks\
¼v½ R;kx vkSj vkn'kZ ¼c½ ;Fkk iztk rFkk jktk
¼l½ ;Fkk jktk rFkk iztk ¼n½ pfj= vkSj la;e ¼l½
10- ys[kd cpiu esa dqekj &lq/kkj lHkk esa fdl in ij Fkk \
¼v½ lsukifr ¼c½ flikgh ¼l½ j{kkea=h ¼n½ miea=h ¼n½
32
11- xxjh QwVh dkSu fi;klk \
¼v½ ifFkd ¼c½ cSy ¼l½ iafMr ¼n½ d`"kd ¼c½
12- **dkys es?kk ikuh ns** laLej.k ds ys[kd dkSu gS \
¼v½ /keZohj Hkkjrh ¼c½ tSusUnz dqekj ¼l½ t;'kadj izlkn ¼n½ Hkokuh izlkn feJ ¼ v ½
y?kwÙkjkRed iz'u &
1- bUnj lsuk ?kj ?kj tkdj ikuh D;ksa ekaxrh Fkh\
2-- **xxjh QwVh cSy fi;klk** iafDr dk Hkko ns'k ds lUnHkZ esa le>kb,A
3- **dkSu dgrk gS bUgsa bUæ dh lsuk** dFku ds O;aX; dks Li"V dhft, A
4- **dkys es?kk ikuh ns** laLej.k dk ewy Hkko Li"V dhft,A
5- **ge vius ?kj dk ikuh bu ij Qsadrs] og Hkh cqokbZ gSA** thth ds bl dFku ls D;k vk'k; gS\
6- **ikuh ns xqM+èkkuh ns** es?kkas ls ikuh ds lkFk lkFk xqM+èkkuh dh ekax D;ksa dh tk jgh gS\
7- bUnjlsuk dks ys[kd **esa<d&eaMyh** D;ksa dgrk gS\
8- o"kkZ djkus ds vafre mik; ds :i esa D;k fd;k tkrk Fkk \
9- ys[kd us yksxksa }kjk esa<d eaMyh ij ikuh Qsads tkus dks fdl çdkj vuqfpr ekuk gS\
1- **dkys es?kk ikuh ns** laLej.k **foKku ds lR; ij lgt çse dh fot; dk fp= çLrqr djrk gSA**
dFku dks Li"V dhft,A
2- *dkys es?kk ikuh ns* laLej.k esa ys[kd us yksd ekU;rkvks ds ihNs fNis fdl rdZ dks mHkkjk gS\ ikB ds
vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
3- vktknh ds 50 o"kksZa ds ckn Hkh ys[kd D;ksa nq[kh gS] mlds eu esa dkSuls ç'u mB jgs gS\ **dkys es?kk
ikuh ns** laLej.k ds vkèkkj ij crkb,A
4- *dkys es?kk ikuh ns* laLej.k esa yksd çpfyr fo'okl vkSj foKku ds }U} dk lqUnj fp=.k gSA bl
lEcUèk esa rdZ lfgr viuk er fyf[k,A
5- bUælsuk lcls igys xaxk eS;k dh t; cksyrh gS\ bl lanHkZ esa ufn;ksa dk Hkkjrh; lkaL—frd ifjos'k
esa D;k egRo gS\ fyf[k,A
6- **dkys es?kk ikuh ns** ikB dk çfrik| Li"V dhft, A
ys[kd ifjp;
1- ys[kd èkeZohj Hkkjrh dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
33
13- Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq
igyoku dh <ksyd
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- vaèksjh jkr pqipki vk¡lw D;ksa cgk jgh gS \
¼v½ rkjs VwV jgs Fks blfy, ¼c½ xk¡o es >ksaifM;k¡ Fkh blfy,
¼l½ tkM+s dh jkr Fkh blfy, ¼n½ xk¡o esa gSts vkSj eysfj;k ls ekSrs gks jgh blfy,
¼n½
2- vukFk yqV~Vu dk ikyu&iks"k.k fdlus fd;k \
¼v½ ekrk&firk us ¼c½ nknk&nknh us ¼l½ foèkok lkl us ¼n½ jktk lkgc us ¼l½
3- yqV~Vu dks dljr djus dh èkqu D;ksa lokj gqÃ \
¼v½ mldh lkl us dgk Fkk ¼c½ og igyoku cuuk pkgrk Fkk
¼l½ dljr dk 'kkSd Fkk
¼n½ mldh lkl dks yksx rax djrs Fks cnyk ysus gsrq ¼n½
4- **okg js cgknqj** iafä esa **cgknqj** 'kCn fdl O;fä ds fy, ç;qä gqvk\
¼v½ jktk lkgc ¼c½ yqVVu Çlg ¼l½ pk¡n Çlg ¼n½ eSustj lkgc ¼c½
5- igyoku dh <ksyd dgkuh esa yqêu dks jktnjckj ls gVkus dk eq[; dkj.k Fkk&
¼v½ dq'rh gkj tkuk ¼c½ yqV~Vu ij nSfud O;;
¼l½ yqV~Vu dk cq<+k gksuk ¼n½ iqjkuh lksp dk gksuk ¼c½
6- yqV~Vu dk xq# dkSu Fkk \
¼v½ <ksyd ¼c½ jktk lkgc ¼l½ vè;kid ¼n½ pk¡n Çlg ¼v½
7- yqêu us <ksyd dh vkokt- ÞpVkd] pV~&èkkÞ dks D;k vkns'k ekuk \
¼v½ er Mjuk ¼c½ okg iÎs ¼l½ mBkdj iVd ns ¼n½ vktk fHkM+ tk ¼l½
8- xk¡o ds fuokfl;ksa esa lathouh 'kfä Hkjus dk dke fdlus fd;k\
¼v½ jktk us ¼c½ igyoku us ¼l½ oS| tuksa us ¼n½ igyoku dh <ksyd us¼n½
34
9- loZçFke lkfgR; esa vkapfyd 'kCn dk ç;ksx fdlus fd;k \
¼v½ tSusUæ ¼c½ fo".kq [kjs ¼l½ Q.kh'oj ukFk js.kq ¼n½ èkeZohj Hkkjrh ¼l½
10- fdlesa ifjfLFkfr dks rkM+us dh fo'ks"k cqf) gksrh gS\
¼v½ euq";ksa esa ¼c½ isM+&ikSèkksa esa ¼l½ dqÙkksa esa ¼n½ cPpksa esa ¼l½
11- jkf= dh Hkh"k.krk dks dkSu yydkjrk gS\
¼v½ yqV~Vu Çlg ¼c½ jktk ¼l½ egkekjh ¼n½ igyoku dh <ksyd ¼n½
12- **ckck mBk&iVd nks okyk rky ctkvksÞ ;g fdlus dgk\
¼v½ xk¡o okyksa us ¼c½ naxy ds igyokuksa us
¼l½ igyoku ds yM+dksa us ¼n½ jkgxhjksa us ¼l½
13- yqêu }kjk jktk lkgc dks xksn esa mBkus ij fdlus vkifŸk dh\
¼v½ jktk lkgc us ¼c½ jkt iafMrks ds
¼l½ eSaustj us ¼n½ iatkc igyokuksa uss ¼l½
13 ÞMs<+ gkFk dk dystkÞ eqgkojs dk vFkZ gSA
¼v½ detksj gksuk ¼c½ vR;fèkd çlUu gksuk
¼l½ vR;fèkd lkglh gksuk ¼n½ esgurh gksuk ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- *xk¡o Hk;krZ f'k'kq dh rjg Fkj Fkj dk¡i jgk Fkk* xk¡o dh ,slh n'kk D;ksa Fkh \
2- igyoku dh <ksyd laè;k ls ysdj çkr% dky rd ctdj D;k lUns'k nsuk pkgrh Fkh\
3- yqVVu ij dljr dh èkqu D;ksa lokj gqÃ Fkh \ vkSj mldk D;k ifj.kke gqvk\
4- Þ<ksy esa rks tSls igyoku dh tku clh Fkh Þ igyoku dh <ksydÞ ikB ds vkèkkj ij fl) dhft, A
5- yqV~u dks xk¡o okil D;ksa ykSVuk iM+k \
6- jkr ds Hk;kud lUukVs esa yqVVu dh <ksyd D;k dfj'ek djrh Fkh \
7- yqêu igyoku dh vfUre bPNk D;k Fkh \
8- igyoku yqêu dks jktnjckj dk n'kZuh; tho D;ksa dgk tkrk Fkk\
9- iatkch igyokukas dh tekr pk¡n Çlg dh vk¡[kas D;ksa iksaN jgh Fkh \
35
10 Þesjk xq: dksÃ igyoku ugÈ ;gÈ <ksy gSÞ yqêu us ,slk D;kas dgk gksxk \ crkb, A
1- Þigyoku dh <ksydÞ dgkuh dk çfrik| crkb,A
2- <ksyd dh vkokt vkSj yqVVu ds nk¡oisap ds lacaèk dks 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
3- xk¡o esa egkekjh QSyus vkSj vius csVksa ds nsgkar ds ckotwn yqêu igyoku <ksyd D;ksa ctkrk jgk\
Li"V dhft,A
4-+ *igyoku dh <ksyd* dgkuh esa fdl çdkj iqjkuh O;oLFkk vkSj uÃ O;oLFkk ds Vdjko ls mRiUu
leL;k dks O;Dr fd;k x;k gS \ fyf[k,A
5 **<ksyd dh Fkki e`r xk¡o esa lathouh 'kfDRk Hkjrh jgrh FkhA** laLej.k ds vk/kkj ij dyk ls thou
ds lEcU/k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vius fopkj fyf[k,A
ys[kd ifjp;
1- ys[kd *Q.kh'ojukFk ukFk js.kq* dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A
36
14- gtkjh izlkn f}osnh
f'kjh"k ds Qwy
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- ys[kd us f'kjh"k dks D;k la>k nh gS \
¼v½ iq"i dh ¼c½ vo/kwr ¼l½ QDdM+ ¼n½ vuklDr ¼c½
2- ys[kd dks dfo;ksa dh dkSulh ckr cqjh yxrh gS \
¼v½ os otu dk [;ky ugh j[krs ¼c½ os izd`fr fp=.k mfpr ugha djrs
¼l½ vfr'k;ksfDr iw.kZ o.kZu ¼n½ lHkh fodYi lgh gSA ¼v½
3- iqjkus dfo fdl isM+ dh Mkyh ij >wyk Mkyus dh ckr djrs gSa \
¼v½ f'kjh"k ¼c½ vke ¼l½ cdqy ¼n½ v'kksd ¼v½
4- Hkh"k.k xehZ vkSj yw ds chp fdl isM+ ds Qwy f[kys jgrs gSa \
¼v½ veyrkl ¼c½ oV ¼l½ f'kjh"k ¼n½ v'kksd ¼l½
5- ys[kd us txr ds vfrizekf.kd lR; fdls ekuk gS \
¼v½ tjk&e`R;q ¼c½ /ku&nkSyr ¼l½ ek;k&eksg ¼n½ x`gLFk&lU;klh ¼v½
6- lalkj dh lcls ljl jpuk,¡ fdlds eq¡g ls fudyh gS \
¼v½ x`gLFkksa ds ¼c½ vo/kwrksa ds ¼l½ jktkvksa ¼n½ if.Mrksa ¼c½
7- dkfynkl 'kdaqryk dk o.kZu djus esa D;ksa lQy jgs gSa \
¼v½ D;ksafd mUgsa laLd`r dk Kku Fkk ¼c½ D;ksafd os taxy esa vdsys jgrs Fks
¼l½ D;ksafd mUgsa ekrk dkyh dk vk'khokZn feyk Fkk
¼n½ D;ksafd os fonX/k vuklDr] fLFkj izK izseh FksA ¼n½
8- laLd`r lkfgR; esa f'kjh"k ds Qwy dks D;k ekuk x;k gS \
¼v½ dBksj ¼c½ LoPN ¼l½ BMk ¼n½ dksey ¼n½
9- iqjkus Qyksa dks vius LFkku ls u gVrs ns[kdj dfo dks fdldh ;kn vkrh gS\
¼v½ usrkvksa dh ¼c½ cqtqxksZ dh ¼l½ xk¡/kh th dh ¼n½ dkfynkl ¼v½
10- **d`"khoy** 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS\
¼v½ fdlku ¼c½ etnwj ¼l½ cSy ¼n½ vUu ¼v½
11- f'kjh"k ds o`{k dSls gksrs gSSa \
¼v½ cMs+ vkSj Nk;knkj ¼c½ pkSM+s vkSj ?kus ¼l½ yEcs vkSj pkSMs+ ¼n½ NksVs vksj Nk;knkj ¼ v ½
12- mel vkSj yw esa dkSu lk isM+ dkyt;h vo/kwr dh Hkkafr vts; gS\
¼v½ iyk'k ¼c½ dqVt ¼l½ f'kjh"k ¼n½ xqyeksgj ¼l½
37
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- f'kjh"k ds voèkwr :i ds dkj.k ys[kd dks fdl egkRek dh ;kn vkrh gS \ vkSj D;ksa \
2- ys[kd us f'kjh"k ds ekè;e ls fdl }U} dks O;ä fd;k gS\ vkSj D;ksa\
3- **,sls nqenkjksa ls rks y¡Mwjs Hkys** bl iafDr vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
4- fofTtdk us cãk] okYehfd vkSj O;kl ds vfrfjä fdlh dks dfo D;ksa ugha ekuk\
5- f'kjh"k ds Qyksa dks jktusrkvksa dk :id D;ksa fn;k x;k gS \
6- xk¡èkh th vkSj f'kjh"k esa D;k lekurk gS\ fucUèk ds vkèkkj ij crkb, A
7- ys[kd ds vuqlkj **f'kjh"k ds Qwy** fucU/k dk mís'; fyf[k,A
8- f'kjh"k dks ns[kdj ys[kd ds eu esa gqd D;ksa mBrh gS\
9- **f'kjh"k ds iq"i dks 'khriq"i Hkh dgk tkrk gS** D;ksa\
10- fucUèkdkj dk **vfèkdkj fyIlk** ls D;k vk'k; gS\
nh?kZ mÙkjh; ç'u&
1- f'kjh"k ds Qwy yfyr fucUèk dk ewy çfrik| Li"V dhft,A
2- f'kjh"k dkyt;h voèkwr dh Hkk¡fr thou dh vts;rk ds ea= dk çpkj djrk gS fucaèk ds vkèkkj ij
dFku dks fl) dhft,A
3- dkyhnkl us f'kjh"k dh dkseyrk vkSj f}osnh th us mldh dBksjrk ds fo"k; esa D;k dgk gS\ fucUèk
ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
4- gk; og voèkwr vkt dgk¡ gS\ ,slk dgdj ys[kd us vkRecy ij nsgcy ds opZLo dh orZeku lH;rk
ds fdl ladV dh vkSj ladsr fd;k gS\ Li"V dhft,A
5- **ç—fr ds ekè;e ls vkpk;Z f}osnh us ykfyR; fn[kkus dk lQy ç;kl fd;k gSA** **f'kjh"k ds Qwy**
fucU/k ds vk/kkj ij dFku dks fl) fdft, A
6- f}osnh th us f'kjh"k ds ekè;e ls dksykgy o la?k"kZ ls Hkjh thou & fLFkfr;ksa esa vfopy jg dj
ftthfo"kq cus jgus dh lh[k nh gSA fucU/k ds vkdkj ij dFku dh foLr`r foospuk dhft,A
ys[kd ifjp;
1- ys[kd gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk ifjp; fyf[k,A
38
15- ckck lkgsc Hkhejko vEcsMdj
1- Je foHkktu vkSj tkfr izFkk
2- esjh dYiuk dk vkn'kZ lekt
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- l{ke Jfed lekt ds fuekZ.k ds fy, D;k vko';d gSa\
¼v½ lekurk ¼c½ leFkZu
¼l½ leku foHkktu ¼n½O;oLkk; p;u dh Loar=rk ¼n½
2- tkfr izFkk dk nwf"kr fl)kUr D;k gS \
¼v½ tkfr O;oLFkk loksZijh ¼c½ tkfr vk/kkfjr O;oLkk; dk p;u
¼l½ tkfr dk foHkktu ¼n½ leku n`f"Vdks.k ¼c½
3- ys[kd ds vuqlkj nklrk D;k gS\
¼v½ vU; }kjk fu/kkZfjr drZO;ksa dk ikyu djuk ¼c½ nqljksa ds drZO; dk ikyu u djuk
¼l½ jktuSfrd ijk/khurk ¼n½ O;oLkk; p;u dh Lora=rk ¼v½
4- vk/kqfud lH; lekt dk;Z dq'kyrk ds fy, fdls vko';d ekurk gS\
¼v½ tkfr&izFkk ¼c½ f'k{kk ¼l½ Je foHkktu ¼n½ izksRlkgu ¼l½
5- fdl ns'k dh tkfr izFkk Å¡p&uhp esa HksnHkko djrh gS\
¼v½ phu ¼c½ Hkkjr ¼l½ vesfjdk ¼n½ tkiku ¼c½
6- tkfr&izFkk lekt esa D;k iSnk djrh gS\
¼v½ lekurk ¼c½ Å¡p&uhp dk HksnHkko ¼l½ xjhch ¼n½ dk;Zdq'kyrk ¼c½
7- jktuhfrK ds O;ogkj dh ,d ek= dlkSVh D;k gS\
¼v½ lerk ¼c½ cU/kqrk ¼l½ vjktdrk ¼n½ Lora=rk ¼v½
8- ckck lkgsc vEcsMdj us fdl izdkj ds lekt dh dYiuk dh gS\
¼v½ Lora= lekt ¼c½ leku lekt ¼l½ vkn'kZ lekt ¼n½ xfr'khy lekt ¼l½
9- Lora=rk] lerk] Hkzkr`rk ij vk/kkfjr lekt dks ys[kd us dSlk lekt dgk gS\
¼v½ fefJr lekt ¼c½ Lora= lekt ¼l½ vkn'kZ lekt ¼n½ cgwy lekt ¼l½
10- lekt ds lHkh yksxksa dks vkjaHk ls D;k miyC/k djkuk pkfg,\
¼v½ vPNk ?kj ¼c½ vPNk Hkkstu ¼l½ leku volj ¼n½ rduhdh f'k{k.k ¼l½
11- lerk dks c<+kok nsus ls lekt esa fdldh LFkkiuk gksxh\
¼v½ HksnHkko dh ¼c½ ekuork dh
¼l½ /kkfeZdrk dh ¼n½ {kerkvks ij fHkUu O;ogkj dh ¼c½
39
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- tkfr çFkk dk nks"k D;k gS\
2- MkW- vacsMdj viuh dYiuk esa lekt dk dSlk :i ns[krs gaS\
3- ys[kd dh –f"V esa yksdra= D;k gS\
4- MkW- vEcsMdj lerk dks dSlh oLrq ekurs gSaA rFkk D;ksa \
5- ys[kd ds vuqlkj nklrk D;k gS\
6- Hkkjr dh tkfr izFkk dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\-
7- Hkkjr esa Jfedksa dk vLokHkkfod foHkktu gS dSls \
8- MkW- vEcsMdj lerk dks dkYifud oLrq D;ksa ekurs gSa \
9- tkfrokn ds leFkZu dk eq[; vk/kkj D;k crk;k tkrk gS \
10- ys[kd vkt ds m|ksxksa esa xjhch vkSj mRihM+u ls Hkh cMh leL;k fdls ekurs gaS \ vkSj D;ksa\
1- **tkfr&çFkk Hkkjrh; lekt esa csjkstxkjh o Hkq[kejh dk dkj.k dSls curh jgh gS** \ ikB ds vkèkkj ij
Li"V fdft,
2- tkfr&çFkk dks Je foHkktu dk gh :i ekuus ds ihNs Mkå vEcsMdj ds D;k rdZ gS\ Li"V dhft,A
3- tkfr vkSj Je foHkktu esa cqfu;knh vUrj D;k gS\ **Je foHkktu vkSj tkfr&çFkk** v/;k; ds vk/kkj
ij Li"V fdft,\
4- vleku ç;Ru ds dkj.k vleku O;ogkj ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ bl –f"Vdks.k ls vki dgk¡ rd
lger gS\ rdZ lfgr Li"V dhft,A
ys[kd ifjp;
1- ckck lkgsc vEcsMdj dk ifjp; fyf[k, A
40
forku
17- euksgj ';ke tks'kh
flYoj oSfMax
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- ;'kks/kj ckcw dk fookg dc gqvk Fkk\
¼v½ 6-02-1947 ¼c½ 6-02-1946 ¼l½ 05-02-1947 ¼n½ 6-02-1945 ¼v½
2- ;'kks/kj ckcw ds fdrus csVs Fks\
¼v½ nks ¼c½ rhu ¼l½ pkj ¼n½ ,d ¼c½
3- fd'ku nk dk iwjk uke D;k Fkk\
¼v½ d`".k ikaMs ¼c½ d`".kkuUn ikaMs ¼l½ fd'ku ikaMs ¼n½ d`".k O;kl ¼c½
4- ;'kks/kj ckcw dk thou fdlls izHkkfor Fkk\
¼v½ fd'ku nk ¼c½ vius rkmth ¼l½ vius firkth ¼n½ viuh iRuh ¼v½
5- *flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk fdls dgsxs\
¼v½ gkf'k, ij /kdsys tkrs ekuoh; ewY; ¼c½ ih<h dk vUrjky
¼l½ ik'pkR; laLd`fr dk izHkko ¼n½ v ,oa c nksuksa ¼n½
6- ;'kks/kj ckcw ds csVs Hkw"k.k us mUgs 'kknh dh 25 oh o"kZxkaB ij D;k migkj fn;k\
¼v½ dqrkZ itkek ¼c½ muh Msªflax xkmu ¼l½ ?kMh ¼n½ lkbZfdy ¼c½
7- dgkuh eas **tks gqvk gksxk** vksj **legkm bEizkij** bu tqeyks esa dkSulk Hkko fufgr gS \
¼v½ ;FkkfLFkfr dk Hkko ¼c½ vfu.kZ; dh fLFkfr ¼l½ }U} dk Hkko ¼n½ mi;qZDr lHkh ¼n½
8- ;'kks/kj ckcw dh iRuh ewy laLdkjksa ls vk/kqfud u gksrs gq, Hkh vk/kqfudrk esa dSls <y xbZ\
¼v½ cPpksa dh rjQnkjh djus dh ekr`lqyHk etcwjh ds dkj.k
¼c½ oDr dks ns[krs gq,
¼l½ eu dh bPNk ls
¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼v½
9- fd'ku nk dh fdl ijEijk dks ;'kks/kj us thoar j[kk\
¼v½ ?kj esa gksyh xokuk ¼c½ tUefnu eukuk
¼l½ 'kknh dh o"kZxkaB eukuk ¼n½ Hkkst dk vk;kstu ¼v½
10- fd'ku nk ds ekul iw= dkSu Fks\
¼v½ tuknZu tks'kh ¼c½ Hkxoku nkl ¼l½ ;'kks/kj iar ¼n½ Hkw"k.k ¼l½
41
11- fd'ku nk dh ijEijkvksa dks thfor j[kus dh dksf'k'k esa ;'kks/ku ckcw us fdldks ukjkt fd;k\
¼v½ fxjh'k dks ¼c½ viuh iRuh dks ¼l½ vius cPpksa dks ¼n½ vius firk dks ¼c½
12- dgkuh esa **pwusnkuh** 'kCn dk iz;ksx fdlds lUnHkZ esa gqvk\
¼v½ ?kM+h ds fy, ¼c½ lkbZfdy ¼l½ iks'kkd ¼n½ p'es ds fy, ¼v½
13- ubZ ih<+h dk joS;k ikB esa dSlk gS\
¼v½ laosnu'khy ¼c½ valosnu'khy ¼l½ lg;ksxRed ¼n½ lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ ¼c½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&
1- n¶rj ls ?kj ykSVus esa ;'kksèkj ckcw dks nsj D;ksa gks tkrh Fkh \
2- ;'kksèkj ckcw dh dgkuh dks fn'kk nsus esa fd'ku nk dh D;k Hkwfedk jgh gS\
3- **flYoj oSfMax** dgkuh dk mís'; Li"V dhft,\
4- ;'kksèkj ckcw ds flYoj oSfMax ds fo"k; esa D;k fopkj Fks \
5- ;'kksèkj ckcw us vkthou viuk ?kj D;ksa ugha cuk;k \
6 **flYoj oSfMax** dgkuh esa fdl ço`fÙk ij O;aX; fd;k x;k gS\
7- *flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
8 **orZeku le; esa ekuoh; thou ewY; gkf'k, ij èkdsys tk jgs gSa** *flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh ds vkèkkj
ij Li"V dhft,A
9-- D;k ihf<+;ksa ds vUrjky esa thou ewY; cny tkrs gSa\ dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
10- xzkeh.k ifjos'k ls vk;s yksx fdl rjg 'kgjh thou ls çHkkfor gksdj viuh thou 'kSyh cny nsrs gSa\
**flYoj osfMax** dgkuh ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
1- flYoj oSfMax dgkuh vkèkqfud ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa ds fo?kVu dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA mnkgj.k lfgr dFku
dh foospuk dhft,A
2- ;'kksèkj ckcw dk O;fäRo le; ds lkFk vk jgs lkekftd cnykoksa ds lkFk rkyesy D;ksa ugha cSBk
ik;k\ dkj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A
vFkok
**flYoj osfMax orZeku ;qx esa cnyrs thou ewY;ksa dh dgkuh gSA** mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,\
3- **flYoj oSfMax** dgkuh dk dFkkud ik'pkR; laL—fr dk vUèkkuqdj.k ,oa cnyrs ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh
çn'kZuh gSA dFku dh lksnkgj.k foospuk dhft,A
4- **uohu ih<+h vkSj iqjkuh ih<+h ds thou ewY;ksa ds eè; lnSo VdjkgV pyrh jgrh gSA** flYoj oSfMax
dgkuh ds vkèkkj ij dFku dh leh{kk dhft,A
42
18- vkuUn ;kno
**tw>**
cgqp;ukRed ç'u&
1- nknk dksYgw tYnh D;ksa yxkuk pkgrs Fks \
¼v½ dke tYnh [kRe djus ds fy, ¼c½ xqM+ dh T;knk dher ds fy,
¼l½ nwljh Qly ds fy, ¼n½ vkjke ds fy, ¼c½
2- Þtw>Þ dgkuh ds 'kh"kZd dk vFkZ gS&
¼v½ la?k"kZ djuk ¼c½ pkykdh ¼l½dfBukÃ ¼n½ esgur djuk ¼v½
3- *tw>* dgkuh fdl miU;kl ls yh xÃ gS \
¼v½ xqtjkrh miU;kl **uVjax** ¼c½ xqtjkrh miU;kl Þ>kschÞ
¼l½ ejkBh miU;kl ÞuVjaxÞ ¼n½ ejkBh miU;kl **>ksch** ¼n½
4- ys[kd ds firk us mudh i<+kÃ dc NqM+ok nh \
¼v½ pkSFkh d{kk esa ¼c½ ik¡poh d{kk esa ¼l½ NBh d{kk esa ¼n½ lkroÈ d{kk eas ¼c½
5- ys[kd ds firk dk uke D;k Fkk \
¼v½ dugIik ¼c½ jktIik ¼l½ jRukIik ¼n½ ljgIik ¼c½
6- ys[kd dh d{kk ds e‚uhVj dk uke D;k Fkk \
¼v½ olar ikfVy ¼c½ Pogk.k ikfVy ¼l½ euksgj ¼n½ jko dk yM+dk ¼c½
7- ikB'kkyk tkus dh ckr ys[kd us lcls igys fdlls dh \
¼v½ nknk ¼c½ ek¡ ls ¼l½ nÙkkth jko ¼n½ lkaSnyxsdj ¼c½
8- lkSanyxsdj fdl fo"k; ds vè;kid Fks \
¼v½ vaxzsth ds ¼c½ xf.kr ¼l½ ejkBh dk ¼n½ laL—r ¼l½
9- ys[kd i<+uk D;ksa pkgrk gS\
¼v½ Kku ds fy, ¼c½ dfo cuus ds fy,
¼l½ fo}ku cuus ds fy, ¼n½ ukSdjh ds fy, ¼n½
43
10 **tw>** dgkuh ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
¼v½ [ksrhckM+h esa dksÃ Hkfo"; ugh gksrk A
¼c½ vPNs dk;ksZ ds fy, >wB cksyuk xyr ugÈ gSA
¼l½ lgikBh rks eLrh etkd djrs gh gSA
¼n½ thou esa fdruh rdyhQsa D;ks u vk;sa] ges ges'kk tq>k# jguk pkfg, A ¼n½
11- ys[kd fdl cPps ls çHkkfor gksdj i<+kÃ ds lHkh dke djus yxk \
¼v½ olark lSuh ¼c½ clar ¼l½ olar ikfVy ¼n½ x.ks'k ¼l½
12- ekLVj lkSanyxsdj fdu dfo;ksa ds lkFk viuh eqykdkr ds laLej.k lqukrs \
¼i½ fnudj] ujsUæ dksgyh ¼ii½ fujkyk th
¼iii½ cksjdj] rk¡cs ¼iV½ fxjh'k vkSj ds'ko dqekj
mifjfyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@dkSu ls lgh gSaA
¼v½ dosy ¼i½ ¼c½ dsoy ¼ii½
¼l½ ¼ⅱ½ vkSj ¼iii½ ¼n½ ¼iii½ vkSj ¼iv½ ¼n½
13- Þpk¡n jkr ilfjrsÞ dfork ds lEcUèk esa dkSulh ckr lR; gS \
¼v½ fnudj gS ¼c½ ;g vuar dk.ksdj }kjk jfpr
¼l½ ;g dsjko dqekj jfpr gS ¼n½ ;g lkSnyxsdj jfpr gS ¼c½
14- *tw>* ikB ds vuqlkj ys[kd us viuh tUetkr izo`fÙk;kas dk ifjp; fdl çdkj fn;k \
¼v½ fo|ky; esa ços'k ysdj ¼c½ firk dk fojksèk djds
¼l½ u, u, fo"k;ks ij dfork fy[kdj ¼n½ ekrk dh vkKk dk ikyu djds ¼l½
I5. vkuUnk tc igys fnu ikB'kkyk x;k rks mldh D;k çfrfØ;k gqÃ \
¼v½ mldh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk uk jgk ¼c½ og Øksfèkr gqvk&
¼l½ og vR;ar mnkl Fkk ¼n½ mldh dksÃ çfrfØ;k ugÈ Fkh ¼l½
16- dgkuh esa vkuank ys[ku dk vH;kl dSls djrk Fkk\
¼v½ feVVh ij fy[kdj ¼c½ ';keiê ij fy[kdj
¼l½ vius i'kqvksa dh ihB ij fy[kdj ¼n½ nhokjksa ij fy[kdj ¼l½
44
17 ys[kd ds d{kk vè;kid dk uke D;k Fkk\
¼v½ olar ¼c½ lkSanyxsdj ¼l½ ea=h ¼n½ eksgu ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- ys[kd dk ikB'kkyk esa fo'okl dSls c<+k \ *tw>* dgkuh ds vkèkkj ij crkb,A
2 *tw>* ds ys[kd esa dfork jpuk ds çfr #fp dSls mRiUu gqÃ \
3- *tw>* dgkuh ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS\
4- **tw> es x¡obZ ¼xzkeh.k½ thou ds ;FkkFkZ ls tw>us dk thoau fp=.k gSAÞ bl dFku ij fVIi.kh
fyf[k,A
5 **vdsykiu vFkok ,dkUr euq"; dks ;ksX; cukrk gSÞ *tw>* ikB ds vkèkkj ij fl) dhft,A
6- dfork,¡ jprs gq, fdu nks 'kfä;ksa dks ikus dh ckr ys[kd us dh gS \
7- ys[kd ds firk us csVs ds lkeus Ldwy tkus ds fy, D;k 'krZ j[kh \
8- nÙkkjko us ys[kd dh i<+kÃ dh leL;k dk lekèkku fdl çdkj fd;k \
9- ys[kd dk vdsykiu dSls xk;c gks x;k \
1- Þtw>Þ dgkuh **vkèkqfud fd'kksj&fd'kksfj;ksa dks fdu thou ewY;ksa dh çsj.kk ns jgh gSÞ lksnkgj.k Li"V
dhft,A
2- **tw> dgkuh çfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp la?k"kZ dh dgkuh gSÞ dFku dh lksnkgj.k foospuk dhft,A
3- Þtw>** dgkuh ds fdl ik= us vkidks lokZfèkd çHkkfor fd;k vkSj D;ksa \ mldh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,¡
crkb,A
4- Þvkt Hkh lekt dks nÙkk th jko tSls O;fäRo dh vko';drk gS orZeku dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa
j[krs gq, dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
5- ÞdFkkuk;d ds firk mls Ldwy D;kas ugh Hkstuk pkgrs Fks** dFku ij foLr`r fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
vFkok
**tw>** dgkuh esa ys[kd ds firk csVs dh i<+kÃ&fy[kkÃ ds i{k esa D;ksa ugÈ Fkk\ dkj.k lfgr Li"V
dhft,A
45
19- vkse Fkkuoh
vrhr es ncs ikao
cgqp;ukRed iz'u&
1- **vrhr es ncs ikao** ikB ds ys[kd dkSu gS\
¼v½ vkse Fkkuoh ¼c½ t;'kadj izlkn ¼l½ mek'kadj tks'kh ¼n½ euksgj ';ke tks'kh ¼ v ½
2- **vrhr es ncs ikao** ikB esa fdl lH;rk dk o.kZu gS\
¼v½ feJ dh lH;rk ¼c½ eqvutks&nM+ksa ¼l½ gMIik lH;rk ¼n½ dkaL;;qxhu lH;rk ¼ c ½
3- eqvutks&nM+ksa fdl unh ds rV ij fLFkr gS\
¼v½ flU/kq ¼c½ lj;w ¼l½ xaxk ¼n½ >sye ¼v½
4- eqvutks&nM+ksa dh [kkst fdlus dh\
¼v½ O;kseds'k cuthZ ¼c½ jk[kynkl cuthZ ¼l½ cafde pUnz pVthZ ¼n½ lh-ih- cuthZ ¼c½
5- Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k ds rRdkyhu egkfuns'kd dkSu Fks\
¼v½ tk¡u ek'kZy ¼c½ vkj-,e tksulu ¼l½ ,-ih ,ysDtsMj ¼n½ dksbZ ugha ¼v½
6- vkj-Mh- cuthZ us eqvutks&nM+ksa dh [kkst dc dh\
¼v½ 1921 ¼c½ 1922 ¼l½ 1923 ¼n½ 1924 ¼c½
7- eqvutks&nM+ksa fdldh vuwBh felky gS\
¼v½ uxj&fu;kstu ¼c½ Hkou fuekZ.k ¼l½ f'k{kk ¼n½ LoNrk ¼v½
8- flU/kq ?kkVh lH;rk fdrus lky iqjkuh lH;rk gS\
¼v½ 4000 ¼c½ 300 ¼l½ 5000 ¼n½ 2000 ¼l½
9- eqvutks&nM+ksa dk lekt dSlk Fkk \
¼v½ lqlaLd`r o lk{kj ¼c½ vlk{kj ¼l½ vlE; o taxyh ¼n½ LokFkhZ ¼v½
10- ys[kd ds vuqlkj eqvutks&nM+ksa dh vkcknh yxHkx fdruh Fkh\
¼v½ 75000 ¼c½ 80000 ¼l½ 85000 ¼n½ 90000 ¼l½
11- flU/kq ?kkVh laLd`fr fdl izdkj dh ekuh tkrh gS\
¼v½ igkMh laLd`fr ¼c½ eSnkuh laLd`fr ¼l½ ouoklh laLd`fr ¼n½ ik'pkR; laLd`fr ¼c½
12- eqvutks&nM+ksa dk vFkZ D;k gS\
¼v½ eqnkZs dk Vhyk ¼c½ igkM dh pkSVh ¼l½ eqnZsk dk [ksy ¼n½ eSnkuh Hkkx ¼v½
13- **vrhr eas ncs ikao** ikB ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ fdl Qly ds lk{; ugha feys \
¼v½ xasgw ¼c½ Tokj ¼l½ cktjk ¼n½ dikl ¼n½
46
14- **vrhr esa ncs ikao** ikB ds vuqlkj dk'khukFk nhf{kr dks fdl /kkrq dh lqbZ;k feyh\
¼v½ yksgk ¼c½ rkack ¼l½ lksuk ¼n½ ihry ¼l½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&
1- flUèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dks **ty lH;rk** dgk tk ldrk gS \ dFku dks Li"V dhft, A
2- iqjkrRoosÙkkvkas us fdl Hkou dks **d‚yst v‚Q çhLV~l** dgk gS\ vkSj D;ksa\
3- eqvutks&nM+ksa vkSj paMhx<+ ds uxjf'kYi esa D;k lekurk ikbZ tkrh gS \
4- *eqvutks&nM+kas esa jaxjst dk dkj[kkuk Hkh Fkk** dFku dks Li"V dhft,A
5- eqvutks&nM+ksa dh lH;rk dks **yks&çksQkby lH;rk** D;ksa dgk gS \
6- eqvutks&nM+ksa es çkIr oLrqvksa esa vkStkj rks gS] ij gfFk;kj ugha** dFku dks Li"V dhft, A
7 flèkq&lH;rk esa [ksrh dk mUur :i Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA Li"V dhft,
8 iqjkrRofonksa us flUèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dks **rj&lH;rk** D;ksa dgk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
9- eqvutks&nM+ksa ds çfl) tydq.M ¼egkdq.M½ dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,\
nh?kZrjkRed ç'u
1- **flUèkq lH;rk lkèku lEiUu Fkh ij blesa HkO;rk dk vkMEcj ugha Fkk** çLrqr dFku dks rdZ lfgr
Li"V dhft,A
2- **VwVs&QwVs [k.Mgj lH;rk vkSj laL—fr ds bfrgkl ds lkFk lkFk èkM+drh ftUnfx;ksa ds vuNq, le;ksa
dk Hkh nLrkost gS**& **vrhr esa ncs ikao** ikB ds vkèkkj ij dFku dh iqf"V dhft, A
3- **flUèkq lH;rk dk lkSUn;Z ckSèk lekt&iksf"kr Fkk**A vrhr esa ncs ikao ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V fdft,A
4- **flaèkq lH;rk rkdr ls 'kkflr gksus dh vis{kk le> ls vuq'kkflr lH;rk Fkh**A vrhr esa ncs *ikao*
ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,]
5- eqvutks&nM+ksa dh uxj&;kstuk vkt dh lsDVj&ekdkZ d‚yksfu;ksa ds uhjl fu;kstu dh vis{kk T;knk
jpukRed gSA dFku dh foospuk dhft,A
6- fla/kq lH;rk esa uxj fu;kstu ls Hkh dgh T;knk lkSUn;Z cks/k ds n'kZu gksrs gSa **vrhr esa nos ikao** ikB
ds vk/kkj ij dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
47
20- vfHkO;fDRk vkSj ek/;e
ÞfofHkUu ek/;eksa ds fy, ys[kuß
cgqp;ukRed ç'u&
1- JO; tulapkj dk ekè;e dkSulk gS \
¼v½ lekpkj i= ¼c½ jsfM;ks ¼l½ baVjusV ¼n½ Vsyhfotu ¼c½
2- Hkkjr esa igyk Nkik[kkuk dc o dgk¡ yxk;k x;k \
¼v½ 1556] xksok ¼c½ 1546] dksydkrk ¼l½ 1656] fnYyh ¼n½ 1578] dkuiqj ¼v½
3- buesa ls dkSu&lk mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dk vax ugÈ gS\
¼v½ baVªks ¼c½ c‚Mh ¼l½ eè; Hkkx ¼n½ lekiu ¼l½
4- fgUnh es usV i=dkfjrk fdlds lkFk vkjaHk gqÃ \
¼v½ nSfud HkkLdj ds lkFk ¼c½ oSc nqfu;k ds lkFk
¼l½ nSfud tkxj.k ds lkFk ¼n½ mijksä lHkh ds lkèkq ¼c½
5- fØdsV eSp dk çlkj.k] fdl çdkj dk gS \
¼v½ ykbo ¼c½ Qksu&bu ¼l½ ,adj ckbV ¼n½ iSdst ¼v½
6- Hkkjr esa baVjusV i=dkfjrk dk nwljk nkSj dc vkjEHk gqvk \
¼v½ 2001 ¼c½ 2002 ¼l½ 2003 ¼n½ 2005 ¼l½
7- lekpkj i= esa [kcjksa dks çdkf'kr ;k çlkfjr djus ds fy, vkf[kjh le; lhek dks D;k dgk tkrk
gS\
¼v½ Cyq ykbu ¼c½ jsM ykbu ¼l½ MSM ykbu ¼n½ CysM ykbu ¼l½
8- v‚y bafM;k jsfM;ks dh fofèkor LFkkiuk dc gqÃ \
¼v½ 1936 ¼c½ 1928 ¼l½ 1935 ¼n½ 1947 ¼v½
9- ,Q-,e- jsfM;ks dh 'kq#Hkkr dc ls gqÃ \
¼v½ 1995 ¼c½ 1993 ¼l½ 1990 ¼n½ 1991 ¼c½
10- fdlh Hkh [kcj dks lEiw.kZrk ds lkFk is'k djuk D;k dgykrk gSa \
¼v½ ,adj& ckbV ¼c½ ykbo ¼l½ ,adj&iSdst ¼n½ Qksu &bu ¼l½
48
11- lekpkj ds baVªks ;k yhM+ dks fgUnh esa fdl uke ls tkurs gSa \
¼v½ eq[kM+k ¼c½ niZ.k ¼l½ ck¡Mh ¼n½ lekiu ¼v½
12- ÇçV ehfM;k ¼eqæ.k ekè;e½ dh 'kq#vkr ekuh tkrh gSa&
¼v½ tkiku ¼c½ phu ¼l½ vesfjdk ¼n½ Hkkjr ¼c½
13- ÞjsauslkÞ 'kCn dk vFkZ gS&
¼v½ iqutkZxj.k ¼c½ uotkxj.k ¼l½ jkf=tkxj.k ¼n½ tkxj.k ¼v½
14- vkèkqfud Nkis[kkus ds vkfo"dkj dk Js; fdls fn;k tkrk gS\
¼v½ xqVsucxZ ¼teZuh½ ¼c½ ,l- tksukFku ¼vÝhdk½
¼l½ dUI;qf'k;l ¼phu½ ¼n½ belZu ¼vesfjdk½ ¼v½
15- fgUnh usV lalkj dk lEiw.kZ iksVZy fdls ekuk tkrk gS\
¼v½ u;k lewg ¼c½ u;h nqfu;k ¼l½ u;k jkt ¼n½ dksÃ ugÈ ¼c½
16- baVjusV i=dkfjrk esa Hkkjr dh igyh lkbV fdls ekuk tkrk gS\
¼v½ lhQh ¼c½ bafM;k buQks ykbu ¼l½ jhfMQ+ M‚Vdke ¼n½ rgydk MksVdke ¼l½
17- jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku esa rS;kj dh tk jgh lekpkj dk¡ih es 'kCnksa dks fdrus Lisl ¼nwjh½ es fy[kk
tkrk gSA
¼v½ ,dy LFkku ¼c½ fVªiy Lisl ¼l½ Mcy Lisl ¼n½ dksÃ ugÈ ¼c½
18- jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku esa A ls 10 rd dh la[;k, fy[kh tkrh gSA
¼v½ vadks esa ¼c½ mnwZ esa ¼l½ 'kCnks esa ¼n½ dksÃ ugh ¼l½
19- ubZ osc Hkk"kk esa HTML dh Qqy Q‚eZ D;k gS\
¼v½ gkbij VsDLV e‚fMQkÃ] ySaXost A ¼c½ gk;j VsDLV e‚fMQkÃ ySaXostA
¼l½ gkbij VsDLV ekDMZvi ySaXost A ¼n½ gsdj VsDLV ehfM;k ySaXost A ¼l½
20- ewyr% jsfM;ks dSlk ekè;e gS \
¼v½ f}js[kh; ¼c½ cqnqjs[kh; ¼l½ csjkstxkjh ¼n½ ,d js[kh; ¼yhfu;j½ ¼n½
21- fo'o esa bUVjusV i=dkfjrk dk çFke nkSj ekuk tkrk gS &
¼v½ 1982 ¼c½ 1993 ¼l½ 1988 ¼n½ 2002 ¼v½
49
22- jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku esa ,d ykbu esa vfèkdre 'kCnks dh la[;k gksuh pkfg, &
¼v½ 10&11 'kCn ¼c½ 12&13 'kCn ¼l½ 9&10 'kCn ¼n½ 15&16 'kCn ¼c½
23- jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku esa 11 ls 999 rd dh la[;kvksas dks fy[kuk pkfg, &
¼v½ 'kCnksa esa ¼c½ vadks esa ¼l½ mijksä nksuksa esa ¼n½ fdlh esa ugha ¼c½
24- Vsyhfotu [kcj ds dqy fdrus pj.k gksrs gaSA
¼v½ 5 ¼c½ 7 ¼l½ 6 ¼n½ 8 ¼c½
25- dkSu lk v[kckj ÇçV :i esa u gksdj flQZ baVjusV ij gh miyCèk gS \
¼v½ jktLFkku if=dk ¼c½ fgUnqLrku ¼l½ çHkk lk{kh ¼n½ vej mtkyk ¼l½
26- jsfM;ks ekè;e gS &
¼v½ –'; ekè;e ¼c½ –';&JO; ekè;e ¼l½ JO; ekè;e ¼n½ buesa ls dksÃ ugÈ ¼l½
27- dkSulk tulapkj ekè;e fuj{kj O;fä ds fy, mi;ksxh ugÈ gS \
¼v½ lekpkj i= ¼c½ jsfM;ksa ¼l½ Vsfyfotu ¼n½ buesa ls dksÃ ugha ¼v½
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u&
1- ÇçV ehfM;k ls D;k vk'k; gS \
2- tulapkj ds eqfær ekè;e dkSu dkSu ls gS\
3- eqfnzr ekè;e dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A
4- bysDVªksfud ekè;e ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
5- jsfM;ks lekpkj fdl 'kSyh ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa \ fyf[k,A
6- mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh D;k gS\ fdrus Hkkxksa esa caVh gksrh gS\
7- nwjn'kZu tulapkj dk fdl çdkj dk ekè;e gS \ fyf[k,A
8- Vsyhfotu [kcjksa ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dks le>kb,A
9- baVjusV D;k gS\
10 baVjusV i=dkfjrk fdls dgrs gaS \
11- baVjusV ij i=dkfjrk djus okyh Hkkjr dh igyh lkbV dkSulh gS \ crkb,A
12 ,adj ckÃV D;k gS \
50
13- czsÇdx U;wt ls vki D;k le>rs gaS\
14- usV&lkmaM fdls dgrs gaS \
15- Qksu&bu ls D;k vk'k; gS \
16- MªkÃ&,adj fdls dgrs gSa \
17- ¶ys'k ;k czsÇdx U;wt fdls dgrs gaS\
18- eqfær ekè;eksa dh dksÃ 3 dfe;ka crkb, A
19- MsMykbu fdls dgrs gSa\
20- tulapkj ds ekè;e dkSu ls gS \
21- jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku dh dksÃ rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
22- i=dkfjrk fdls dgrs gSa \
23- Hkkjr esa v[kckjh i=dkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr dc vkSj dgk¡ ls gqÃ \
24- ÇçV ehfM;k ds ykHk crkb, A
25- jsfM;ks ds fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gaS\ fyf[k,A
26- DykbesDl fdls dgrs gaS\
27- mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb, A
28- jsfM;ks ds fy, lekpkj d‚ih rS;kj djrs le; fdu&fdu fdu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
29- ^^MªkbZ&,adj^^ ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k, A
30- jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfotu esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A
31- eqfær ek/;e ds ys[kd vkSj i=dkjksa dks D;k lko/kkuh j[kuh iM+rh gS \
51
21- ifBr x|ka'k
fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft, A
¼1½
bl naM&foèkku ds Hkhrj dksbZ ,slh èkkjk ugha Fkh] ftlds vuqlkj [kksVs flDdksa dh Vdlky&tSlh iRuh ls ifr
dks fojä fd;k tk ldrkA lkjh pqxyh&pckbZ dh ifj.kfr] mlds ifr çse dks c<+kdj gh gksrh FkhA
ftBkfu;k¡ ckr&ckr ij èkekèke ihVh&dwVh tkrh( ij mlds ifr us mls dHkh maxyh Hkh ugha NqvkbZA og cM+s
cki dh cM+h ckr okyh csVh dks igpkurk Fkk A
¼2½
;gk¡ ,d vUrj phUg ysuk cgqr t:jh gSaA eu [kkyh ugha jguk pkfg,] bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd og eu
can jguk pkfg,A tks can gks tk,xk] og 'kwU; gks tk,xkA 'kwU; gksus dk vfèkdkj cl ijekRek dk gS tks
lukru Hkko ls laiw.kZ gSA 'ks"k lc viw.kZ gSA blls eu can ugha jg ldrkA lc bPNkvksa dk fujksèk dj yksxs]
;g >wB gS vkSj vxj bPNkfujksèkLri% dk ,slk gh udkjkRed vFkZ gks rks og ri >wB gSA
¼3½
bu ckrksa dks vkt ipkl ls T;knk cjl gksus dks vk, ij T;ksa dh R;ksa eu ij ntZ gSA dHkh&dHkh dSls&dSls
lanHkksZa esa ;s ckrsa eu dks dpksV tkrh gS] ge vkt ns'k ds fy, djrs D;k gS \ ekaxsa gj {ks= esa cM+h&cM+h gS
ij R;kx dk dgha uke&fu'kku ugha gSA viuk LokFkZ vkt ,dek= y{; jg x;k gSA ge pV[kkjs ysdj blds
;k mlds Hkz"Vkpkj dh ckrsa djrs gSa ij D;k dHkh geus tk¡pk gS fd vius Lrj ij vius nk;js esa ge mlh
Hkz"Vkpkj ds vax rks ugha cu jgs gS\
¼4½
mlh fnu og <ksyd daèks ij yVdkdj vius nksuksa iq=ksa ds lkFk vius xk¡o esa ykSV vk;k vkSj ogha jgus yxkA
xk¡o ds ,d Nksj ij] xk¡o okyksa us ,d >ksaiM+h ck¡èk nhA ogha jgdj og xk¡o ds ukStokuksa vkSj pjokgksa dks
dq'rh fl[kkus yxkA [kkus&ihus dk [kpZ xk¡ookyks dh vksj ls ca/kk gqvk FkkA lqcg 'kke og Lo;a <ksyd
ctkdj vius f'k";ksa vkSj iq=ksa dks nkao&isap fl[kk;k djrk FkkA
¼5½
dkfynkl lkSan;Z ds ckã vkoj.k dks Hksndj mlds Hkhrj rd igq¡p ldrs Fks nq[k gks fd lq[k os viuk Hkko
jl ml vuklä —"khoy dh Hkkafr [khap ysrs Fks tks funZfyr bZ{kqnaM ls jl fudky ysrk gSA dkfynkl egku
Fks] D;ksafd os vuklä jg lds Fks dqN blh Js.kh dh vuklfä vkèkqfud fgUnh dfo lqfe=kuUn iar esa gSA
dfooj jfoUæukFk esa ;g vuklfä FkhA ,d txg mUgksaus fy[kk gSA &jktks|ku dk flag}kj fdruk gh vHkzHksnh
D;ksa u gks] mldh f'kYi dyk fdruh gh lqanj D;ksa u gks og ;g ugha dgrk fd geesa vkdj gh lkjk jkLrk
lekIr gks x;kA
¼6½
tkfr&çFkk ds iks"kd] thou] 'kkjhfjd lqj{kk rFkk laifÙk ds vfèkdkj dh Lora=rk dks rks Lohdkj dj ysaxs]
ijUrq euq"; ds l{ke ,oa izHkko'kkyh ç;ksx dh Lora=rk nsus ds fy, tYnh rS;kj ugha gkasxs] D;ksafd bl çdkj
dh Lora=rk dk vFkZ gksxk viuk O;olk; pquus dh Lora=rk fdlh ds ikl ugha gS] rks mldk mls nklrk ls
tdM+dj j[kuk gksxk] D;ksafd nklrk dsoy dkuwuh ijkèkhurk dks gh ugha dgk tk ldrkA
52
ifBr i|ka'k
fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A
¼1½
eSa Lusg&lqjk dk iku fd;k djrk gw¡]

eSa dHkh u tx dk è;ku fd;k djrk gw¡]
tx iwN jgk mudks] tks tx dh xkrs]
eSa vius eu dk xku fd;k djrk gw¡A
eSa fut mj ds mn~xkj fy, fQjrk gw¡]
eSa fut mj ds migkj fy, fQjrk gw¡(
gS ;g viw.kZ lalkj u eq>dks Hkkrk]
eSa LoIuksa dk lalkj fy, fQjrk gw¡A
¼2½
vxj os dHkh fxjrs gSa Nrkas ds [krjukd fdukjksa ls

vkSj cp tkrs gSa rc rks
vkSj Hkh fuMj gksdj lqugys lwjt ds lkeus vkrs gaSA
i`Foh vkSj Hkh rst ?kwerh gqbZ vkrh gS
muds cSpsu iSjksa ds iklA
¼3½
lkjh efq'dy dks èkS;Z ls le>s fcuk

eSa isap dks [kksyus ds ctk,
mls csrjg dlrk pyk tk jgk Fkk
D;ksafd bl djrc ij eq>s
lkQ+ lqukbZ ns jgh Fkh
rek'kchuksa dh 'kkck'kh vkSj okg okgA
¼4½
dfork ,d f[kyuk gS Qwykas ds cgkus

dfork dk f[kyuk Hkyk Qwy D;k tkus !
ckgj Hkhrj
bl ?kj] ml ?kj
fcuk eqj>k, egdus ds ekus
Qwy D;k tkus \
53
¼5½
fQj ge ijns ij fn[kyk,axs

Qqyh gqbZ vk¡[k dh ,d cM+h rLohj
cgqr cM+h rlohj
vkSj gksBks ij ,d dlelkgV Hkh
,d vkSj dksf'k'k
n'kZd
èkhjt jf[k,
nsf[k,]
gesa nksuksa ,d lax #ykus gSa
¼6½
cgqr dkyhfly tjk ls yky dslj ls

fd tSl èkqy xbZ gks
LysV ij ;k yky [kfM+;k pkd
ey nh gks fdlh us
uhy ty esa ;k fdlh dh
xkSj f>yfey nsg
tSls fgy jgh gks A
¼7½
vaxuk&vax ls fyiVs Hkh

vkrad vad ij dk¡i jgs gSaA
èkuh] otz xtZu ls ckny !
=Lr & u;u eq[k <‚i jgs gSaA
th.kZ ckgq] gS 'kh.kZ 'kjhj]
rq>s cqykrk —"kd v/khj] ,s foIyo ds ohjA
pwl fy;k gS mldk lkj]
gkM+ & ek= gh gS vkèkkj]
,s thou ds ikjkokj A
¼8½
[ksrh u fdlku dks] fHk[kkjh dks u Hkh[k] cfy]

cfud dks cfut] u pkdj dks pkdjh A
thfodk foghu yksx lh|eku lksp] cl] A
dgsa ,d] ,du lks dgk¡ tkbZ] dk djh \
csngw¡ iqjku dgh] yksdgw fcyksfdvr]
l‚djs lcSa iS] jke! jkojs —ik djh A
nkfjn&nlkuu nckbZ nquh] nhucUèkq A
nqfjr & ngu nsf[k rqylh ggk djh AA
54
¼9½
;g o`rkar nlkuu lqusmA vfr fc"kkn iqfu iqfu flj èkqusÅAA

C;kdqy dqaHkdju ifga vkokA fcfcèk tru dfj rkfg txkokAA
tkxk fuflpj nsf[kv dSlkA ekugq¡ dkyq nsg èkfj cSlkAA
dqaHkdju cw>k dgq HkkbZA dkgs ro eq[k jgs lq[kkbZAA
¼10½
dYiuk ds jlk;uks dks ih cht xy x;k

fu% 'ks"k( 'kCn ds vadqj QwVs]
iYyo&iq"iks ls ukfer gqvk fo'ks"kA
>weus yxs Qy] jl vykSfdd]
ve`r èkkjk, QwVrh jksikbZ {k.k dh]
dVkbZ vuarrk dh yqVrs jgus ls tjk Hkh ugha de gksrhA
55
23- vifBr i|ka'k@dkO;ka'k
fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn;s x;s iz'uksa ds mrj nhft,A
¼1½
u, ;qx es fopkjksa dh uÃ xaxk cgkvks rqe]
fd lc dqN tks cny ns ,sls rwQka es ugkvks rqeA
vxj rqe Bku yks rks vk¡fèk;kas dks eksM+ ldrs gks]
vxj rqe Bku yks ls rkjs vFkok xxu ds rksM+ ldrs gksA
vxj rqe Bku yks rks fo'o ds bfrgkl esa vius&
lq;'k dk ,d uo vè;k; Hkh rqe tksM+ ldrs gks]
rqEgkjs ckgqcy ij fo'o dks Hkkjh Hkjkslk gS&
mlh fo'okl dks fQj vkt tu&tu esa txkvksa rqe A
ilhuk rqe vxj bl esa viuk feyk nksxsA
djksM+ks nhu&ghuksa dks u;k thou fnyk nksxsA
rqEgkjh nsg ds Je&lhdjksa esa 'kfä gS bruh]
dgh Hkh èkwy esa rqe Qwy lksus ds f[kyk nksxs A
u;k thou rqEgkjs gkFk dk gYdk b'kkjk gSA
b'kkjk dj ogh bl ns'k dks fQj ygygkvks rqe A
y?kwÙkjkRed ç'u
1- dfo us u, ;qx esa fopkjksa dh xaxk cgkus ds fy, fdls çsfjr fd;k gS \
2- ;fn ;qok Bku ys rks D;k dj ldrs gSa \
3- djksM+ksa nhu&ghuksa dks u;k thou fdl rjg fey ldsxk \
4- Þèkwy esa lksus ds Qwy f[kyk nsusÞ dk D;k vk'k; gS\
5- tu tu esa fdl fo'okl dks txkus dh ckr dgh gS\
6- mä dkO;ka'k dk mi;qä 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
56
¼2½
fpfM;k¡ dks yk[k le>kvks
fd ÇitMs ds ckgj
èkjrh cM+h gS] fueZe gS]
ogk¡ gok esa mls
vius ftLe dh xaèk rd ugha feysxhA
;wa rks ckgj leqæ gS] unh gS] >juk gS]
ij ikuh ds fy, HkVduk gSA
;gk¡ dVksjh esa Hkjk ty xVduk gSA
ckgj nkus dk VksVk gS
;gk¡ pqXxk eksVk gSA
ckgj cgsfy, dk Mj gS
;gk¡ fu)ZU) dB&Loj gSA
fQj Hkh fpfM;k¡ eqfä dk xkuk xk,xh]
ekjs tkus dh vk'kadk ls Hkjs gksus ij Hkh
ÇitMs ls ftruk vax fudy ldsxk fudkysxh]
iwjk tksj yxk,xh
vkSj ÇitMk VwV tkus ;k [kqy tkus ij mM+ tk;sxhA
y?kwrjkRed ç'u
1- dfo ds vuqlkj fpfM;k¡ ds fy, ÇitMs+ ds ckgj D;k dfBukÃ gS \
2- ckgj leqæ] unh] >juk gksrs gq, Hkh fpfM+;k¡ dks ikuh ds fy, D;ks HkVduk iMsxk \
3- **;gk¡ pqXxk eksVk gSÞ iafä dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
4- fpfM+;k¡ eqfä dk xkuk D;ksa xk,xh\
5- ckgjh okrkoj.k eas fpfM+;k¡ dks viuh gh xaèk D;ksa ugh vk,xh\
6- mDr dkO;ka'k dk mi;qä 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
57
¼3½
;g volj gS] LoÆ.ke lq;qx gS
[kks u bls uknkuh esa
jaxjsfy;ksa esa] NsM+&NkM+ esa
eLrh esa euekuh es A
r:.k] fo'o dh ckxMksj ys]
rq vius dBksj dj esa]
LFkkfir dj js ekuork
ccZj u`'kal ds mj esaA
naHkh dks dj /oLr /kjk ij
vLr&=Lr ik[kaMks dks
d:.kk 'kkfUr lq[k Hkj ns]
ckgj esa] vius ?kj esaA
;kSou dh Tokyk okys
ns vHk;nku in& nfyrksa dks
rsjs pj.k 'kj.k esa vkgr
tx vk'oklu 'okl xgs A
vfry?kwrjkRed iz'u
1- fo'o dh ckxMksj fdlds gkFkksa esa 'kksHkk ikrh gS\
2- **;g volj gS] LoÆ.ke lq;qx gSaÞ iafä es fdl volj dh ckr dh xbZ gS \
3- **ns vHk;nku in&nfyrksa dks** iafä dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
4 Þckgj esa] vius ?kj esaÞ iafä gekjh fdl fo'ks"krk dk cksèk djkrh gS \
5 mi;qZä dkO;ka'k dk o.;Z fo"k; D;k gS\
6- ekuork dks dgk¡ LFkkfir djus dh ckr dgh xÃ gS \
58
4
rqedks u;k xkSjo ns jgh gSA
jktk cSBs Çlgklu ij( ;g rktksa ij vklhu dye
esjk èku gS Lokèkhu dye
ftlus ryokj f'kok dks nh
jks'kuh mèkkj fnok dks nh
irokj Fkek nh ygjksa dks
[katj dh èkkj gok dks nh
vx&tx ds mlh fo/kkrk us] dj nh esjs vk/khu dye
esjk èku gS Lokèkhu dye
jl&xaxk ygjk nsrh gS
eLrh & èot igjk nsrh gS
pkyhl djksM+ dh Hkksyh
esjs vèkhu dye
fdLer ij igjk nsrh gS
laxzke ØkfUr dk fcxqy ;gh gS] ;gh çse dh chu dye
esjk /ku gS Lokèkhu dyeA
vfry?kwrjkRed ç'u&
1- dfo dk èku D;k gS\
2- dye dgk¡ vklhu gS \
3- dye dfo dks u;k xkSjo dSls ns jgh gS\
4- pkyhl djksM+ dh Hkksyh fdLer ij igjk nsus dk D;k vfHkçk; gS \
5- mi;qZä i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
6- foèkkrk us dfo dks D;k nh gS\
59
¼5½
vkvks feysa lc ns'k ckaèko gkj cudj ns'k ds
lkèkd cus lc çse ls lq[k 'kkafre; mís'; dsA
D;k lkEçnkf;d Hksn ls gS ,sD; feV ldrk vgks \
curh ugÈ D;k ,d ekyk fofoèk lqeuksa dh dgksaA
jD[kks ijLij esy] eu es NksMdj vfoosdrk]
eu dk feyu gh feyu gS] gksrh mlh ls ,drk A
lc oSj vkSj fojksèk dk cy cksèk ls okj.k djks A
gS fHkUurk esa f[kUurk gh ,drk èkkj.k djks A
gS dk;Z ,slk dkSu&lk lkèksu ftldks ,drk A
oks ,d ,dkn'k gq, fdlus ugha ns[ks lqus]
gk¡] 'kwU; ds Hkh ;ksx ls gS vad gksrs n'k xqus A
vfry?kwrjkRed iz'u
1- dfo fdl çdkj ns'k okfl;ksa ls feyus dh ckr dg jgk gS \
2- lkEçnkf;d fofoèkrk dh rqyuk fdlls dh gS \
3- dfo us fdldh ekyk cukus dks dgk gS \
4- vkilh esy dc gksxk\
5- ,drk dk Hkko dc c<sxk \
7- fdlds ;ksx ls vad nl xqus gks tkrs\
60
¼6½
/keZjkt! ;g Hkwfe fdlh dh] ugha Øhr gS nklhA
gS tUeuk leku ijLij] blds lHkh fuoklhA
gS lcdks vf/kdkj e`fÙkdk iks"kd&jl ihus dkA
fofo/k vHkkoksa ls v'kad gksdj tx esa thus dkA
lcdks eqä çdk'k pkfg,] lcdks eqä lehj.k
ck/kk jfgr fodkl] eqä vk'kadkvksa ls thouA
mfn~Hkt uHk pkgrs lHkh uj] eqä xxu esa
viuk pje fodkl <w¡<+uk] fdlh çdkj Hkqou esaA
U;k;ksfpr lq[k lqyHk ugha] tc rd ekuo&ekuo dks
pSu dgk¡ /kjrh ij rc rd] 'kkafr dgk¡ bl Hko dks
tc rd euqt&euqt dk ;g] lq[k Hkkx ugha le gksxkA
'kfer u gksxk dksykgy] la?k"kZ ugha de gksxkA
czãk ls dqN fy[kk HkkX; esa] euqt ugha yk;k gSA
viuk lq[k mlus vius] Hkqt&cy ls gh ik;k gSA
czãk dk vfHkys[k i<+k djrs fu#|eh çk.kh
/kksrs ohj dqvad Hkky dk] cgk Hkzqoksa dk ikuhA
HkkX;okn vkoj.k iki dk] vkSj 'kL= 'kks"k.k dk
ftlls j[krk nck ,d tu] Hkkx nwljs tu dkA
,d euqt lafpr djrk gS] vFkZ iki ds cy ls
vkSj Hkksxrk mls nwljk] HkkX;okn ds Ny lsA
ç'u&
1- çLrqr i|ka'k esa fdldks lEcksf/kr fd;k x;k gS\
2- /kjrh dk iks"kd jl ihus dk vf/kdkjh dkSu gS\
3- ;fn /kjrh ij euq"; dks U;k;ksfpr vf/kdkj ugha feyrs rks D;k gksrk gS\
4- HkkX;okn dk Ny fdls dgk x;k gS\ bl i|ka'k esa fdl jl dh O;atuk gqbZ gS\ mldk LFkk;hHkko Hkh
fyf[k,A
5- çLrqr i|ka'k esa iki dk vkoj.k fdls dgk x;k gS \
6- dkO;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
61
¼7½
dgs ifjos'k& eSa /kU;k] dgs ;g ns'k&eSa /kU;k]
dystk Dys'k ls dafir ;s eSa gw¡ ns'k dh dU;k !
rqEgkjh pkdjh esa uhan iwjh Hkh uk lksbZ eSa]
losjs }kj rd vk¡xu cqgkjk fQj jlksbZ esa yxh]
cPps iBk, ikB'kkyk fQj fVfQu&lTtk]
xbZ [kqn dke ij vkbZ ugha rqedks rfud yTtk]
fd ykSVh rks rqEgs fQj pkfg, lsok ozrh nklh]
rqEgs D;k cks/k] thou 'kks/k] Hkw[kh gS fd oks I;klh !
dgk gS vkt eSaus tks cjkcj Hkh dgw¡xh eSa
cjkcj Fkh cjkcj gw¡] cjkcj gh jgw¡xh eSaA
ç—fr us bl ;qxy Nfo dks euksgkjh cuk;k gS]
cjkcj 'kfä nsdj 'kh'k Hkh viuk uok;k gSA
eSa jpuk gw¡ pjkpj dh] eSa ukjh gw¡ cjkcj dh
ugha D;ksa rqe eq>s esjk çrhf{kr eku nsrs gks
—ik,¡ gh yqVkrs gks Qdr vuqnku nsrs gksA
;s eSa gw¡ ns'k dh dU;k] cgu] iRuh] tufu tU;kA
ç'u&
1- ns'k vkSj ifjos'k /kU;k fdls dgk x;k gS \ mldh ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr D;k gS \
2- bu dkO;&iafä;ksa esa Hkkjrh; efgyk ds fdu nSfud dk;ksaZ dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS\
3- ^xbZ [kqn dke ij--- lsok ozrh nklh^ esa iq#"kksa dh fdl eukso`fÙk dk o.kZu gqvk gS \
4- ukjh dks lekt esa lEeku u feydj D;k feyrk gS\
5- lekt esa efgyk ds dkSu&dkSu ls :i gSa\
6- bl dkO;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
62
¼8½
ns[kdj ck/kk fofo/k] cgq fo?u ?kcjkrs ughaA
jg Hkjksls Hkkx ds] nq%[k Hkksx iNrkrs ughaA
dke fdruk gh dfBu gks] fdUrq mdrkrs ughaA
HkhM+ esa papy cus tks ohj fn[kykrs ughaA
gks x, bd vku esa] muds cqjs fnu Hkh HkysA
lc txg lc dky esa os gh feys Qwys&QysA
ioZrksa dks dkVdj lM+dsa cuk nsrs gSa os A
lSdM+ksa e#Hkwfe esa ufn;k¡ cgk nsrs gSa osA
xHkZ esa tyjkf'k ds csM+k pyk nsrs gSa osA
taxyksa esa Hkh egk eaxy jpk nsrs gSa osA
Hksn uHk&ry dk mUgksaus gS cgqr cryk fn;kA
gS mUgksaus gh fudkyh rkj dh lkjh fØ;k A
O;kse dks Nwrs gq, nqxZe igkM+ksa ds f'k[kj A
os ?kus taxy tgk¡ jgrk gS re vkBksa çgj A
xtZrh tyjkf'k dh mBrh gqbZ Å¡ph ygj A
vkx dh Hk;nkf;uh QSyh fn'kkvksa esa ygjA
;s d¡ik ldrs dHkh] ftuds dysts dks ugha A
Hkwydj Hkh os dHkh] ukdke jgrs gSa ughaA
ç'u&
1- thou esa vkus okyh fo?u&ck/kkvksa ls u ?kcjkus dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS\
2- HkkX; ds Hkjksls jgus okyksa dks D;k nq"ifj.kke Hkksxuk iM+rk gS \
3- deZ'khy iq#"k ioZrksa rFkk jsfxLrku esa D;k peRdkj djrs gSa \
4- mi;qZä i|ka'k dk 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
5- ioZrksa dks dkVdj lM+ds dkSu cuk nsrs gSa \
6- ^taxyksa esa Hkh egkeaxy^ esa D;k dkO;kRed fo'ks"krk gS \
63
¼9½
fopkj yks fd eR;Z gks] u e`R;q ls Mjks dHkh]
ejks ijUrq ;ksa ejks fd ;kn rks djsa lHkh A
gqbZ u ;ksa lqe`R;q rks o`{kk ejs o`Fkk ft;s]
ejk ugha ogh fd tks ft;k u vkids fy,A
;gh i'kq ço`fÙk gS fd vki vki gh pjs A
euq"; gS ogh fd tks euq"; ds fy, ejs A
mlh mnkj dh dFkk ljLorh c[kkurh]
mlh mnkj ls /kjk —rkFkZHkko ekurh]
mlh mnkj dh lnk ltho dhfrZ dwtrh]
rFkk mlh mnkj dks leLr l`f"V iwtrh]
v[k.M vkReHkko tks vlhe fo'o esa Hkjs A
euq"; gS ogh fd tks euq"; ds fy, ejs A
lgkuqHkwfr pkfg,] egkfoHkwfr gS ;gh]
o'kh—rk lnSo gh cuh gqbZ Lo;a eghA
fo#)okn cq) dk n;k&çokg ls cgk]
fouhr yksdoxZ D;k u lkeus >qdk jgk \
vgk ogh mnkj gS ijksidkj tks djsA
euq"; gS ogh fd tks euq"; ds fy, ejsA
euq"; ek= cU/kq gS] ;gh cM+k foosd gS]
iqjk.k iq#"k Lo;a firk çfl) ,d gSA
Qykuqlkj deZ ds vo'; cká Hksn gSaA
ijUrq varjSD; esa] çek.kHkwr osn gSaA
vuFkZ gS fd cU/kq gh u cU/kq dh O;Fkk gjsA
euq"; gS ogh fd tks euq"; ds fy, ejsA
ç'u&
1- lqe`R;q dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
2- i'kq ço`fÙk D;k gksrh gS\
3- euq"; gksus ds fy, D;k xq.k vko';d gSa\
4- ^mlh mnkj dh lnk ltho dhfrZ dwtrh^ esa vyadkj fyf[k,A
64
5- mi;qZä i|ka'k dh çsj.kk D;k gS\
6- mi;qZä jpuk ij vius ;qx dk D;k çHkko gS\
65
24- vifBr x|ka'k
¼1½
ncko esa dke djuk O;fä ds fy, vPNk gS ;k ugha bl ckr ij çk;% cgl gksrh gSA dgk tkrk gS
fd O;fä vR;f/kd ncko esa udkjkRed Hkkoksa dks vius mij gkoh dj ysrk gS] ftlls mls vDlj dk;Z esa
vlQyrk çkIr gksrh gSA og viuk ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd LokLF; Hkh [kks cSBrk gSA ncko dks ;fn rkdr
cuk fy;k tk, rks u flQZ lQyrk çkIr gksrh gS] cfYd O;fä dke;kch ds u, ekinaM jprk gSA ,sls cgqr
lkjs mnkgj.k tc yksxksa us vius dke ds ncko dks vo#) ugha] cfYd rkdr cuk fy;kA lq[k&nq[k] lQyrk
vlQyrk 'kkfUr Øks/k vkSj fØ;k& deZ gekjs –f"Vdks.k ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA tksl flYok bl ckr ls
lger gksrs gq, viuh iqLrd **;w n ghyj** eas fy[krs gSa fd eu efLr"d dks pykrk gS vkSj efLr"d 'kjhj
dksA bl rjg 'kjhj eu ds vkns'k dk ikyu djrk gqvk dke djrk gSA nckc esa O;fä ;fn ldkjkRed gksdj
dke djs rks og viuk loZJs"B çn'kZu djus esa dke;kc gksrk gSA ncko ds le; ekStwn leL;k ij è;ku
dsfUær djus vkSj cks> eglwl djus dh ctk, ;fn lkspk tk, fd ge vR;ar lkSHkkX;'kkyh gS tks ,d dfBu
pqukSfr dks iwjk djus ds fy, rRij gS gks gekjh csgrjhu {kerk,¡ Lo;a tkx`r gks mBrh gSA gekjk fnekx ftl
fpt ij Hkh viuk è;ku dsfUær djus yxrk gS og ges c<+rh çrhr gksrh gSA ;fn ge viuh leL;kvksa ds ckjs
esa lkspsaxs rks og Hkh cM+h eglwl gksxhA bl ckr dks ges'kk è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, fd thruk ,d vknr gS] ij
vQlkslA gkjuk Hkh vknr ghA
ç'u&
1- O;fä viuk loZJs"B çn'kZu dc djrk gS\
2- x|ka'k ds vuqlkj efLr"d dks dkSu pykrk gS\
… viuh {kerkvksa dks txkus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fdldh gksrh gS\
4- **;q n ghyj** ds ys[kd dkSu gS \
5- lQyrk] lq[k&nq[k] 'kkafr&Øks/k lc fdl ij fuHkZj djrk gS\
6- 'kjhj fdlds vkns'k dh ikyuk djrk gS\
66
¼2½
lalkj esa vejrk ,sls gh yksxksa ls feyrh gS tks vius ihNs dqN vkn'kZ NksM+ tkrs gaSA cgqèkk ns[kk x;k
gS fd ,sls O;fä lEiUu ifjokj esa cgqr de iSnk gksrs gSaA vfèkdka'k ,sls yksxksa dk tUe eè;e oxZ ds ?kjksa es
;k xjhc ifjokjksa esa gh gksrk gSA bl rjg mudk ikyu iks"k.k lkèkkj.k ifjokj esa gksrk gS vkSj og lknk thou
fcrkus ds vknh gks tkrs gaS euq"; esa foUk;] mnkjrk] lfg".kqrk vkSj lkgl vkfn pkfjf=d xq.kksa dk fodkl
vR;ko';d gSA bu xq.kksa dk çHkko mlds thou ij iM+rk gSA ;s xq.k O;fä ds thou dks vgadkjghu vkSj
ljy cukrs gSaA lknxh dk fopkjksa ls ?kfu"B lacaèk gSA lknk thou O;rhr djuk pkfg, vkSj fopkjksa dks mPp
cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A O;fä dh lPph igpku mlds fopkjksa vkSj mldh djuh mlds deZ ls gksrh gSA euq"; ds
fopkj mlds vkpj.k ij çHkko Mkyrs gSaA mls foosd'khy cukrs gaSA
ç'u&
1- lalkj esa vej dkSu gks ikrs gSa \
2 vejrk ikus okyks dk tUe dSls ifjokj esa gksrk gS\
3- O;fä dh lPph igpku fdlls gksrh gS\
4- vPNs pkfjf=d xq.k O;fDRk dks dSlk cukrs gSa\
5- lknk thou O;frr djus ls fopkj dSls cu tkrs gSa\
6- euq"; ds fopkjksa ls D;k çHkkfor gksrk gS\
67
¼3½
yksdra= ds ewy Hkwr rRoksa dks le>k ugh x;k gS vkSj blfy, yksx le>rs gSa fd lc dqN ljdkj
dj nsxh] gekjh dksbZ ftEesnkjh ugha gSA yksxksa esa viuh igy ls ftEesnkjh mBkus vkSj fuHkkus dk Lrj fodflr
ugha gks ik;k gSA QyLo:i ns'k dh fo'kky ekuo 'kfä vHkh [kjkZVs ysrh iM+h gS vkSj ns'k dh iw¡th mi;ksxh
cukus ds cnys vkt cks>:i cu cSBh gSA ysfdu mls uhan ls >d>ksj dj tkxzr djuk gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dks
egku cukrs gSa] muesa jgus okys yksxA ysfdu vHkh gekjs ns'k ds ukxfjd viuh ftEesnkjh ls cprs jgs gSaA pkgs
lM+d ij pyus dh ckr gks vFkok lkQ&lQkbZ dh ckr gks tgk¡&rgk¡ ge yksxksa dks xUnxh QSykrs vkSj
csrjrhc <ax ls okgu pykrs ns[k ldrs gSaA fQj pkgrs gSa lc dqN ljdkj Bhd dj nsA
ljdkj us cgqr lkjs dk;Z fd, gSa] bls vLohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA oSKkfud ç;ksx'kkyk] [kksyh
gS] fo'kky] ck¡èk cuok, gSa] QkSykn ds dkj[kkus [kksys gS] vkfn&vkfn cgqr lkjs dke ljdkj ds }kjk gq, gSaA
ij vHkh djksM+ksa yksxksa dks dk;Z ls çsfjr ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA
okLro esa gksuk rks ;g pkfg, fd yksx viuh lw>cw> ds lkFk viuh vkarfjd 'kfä ds cy ij [kM+s gks
vkSj vius ikl tks dqN lkèku lkexzh gks mls ysdj dqN djuk 'kq: dj nsa vkSj fQj ljdkj mles vko';d
enn djsA mnkgj.k ds fy, xk¡o okys cM+h&cM+h iapo"kÊ; ;kstuk,¡ ugha le> ldsaxs ij os yksx ;g ckr
t:j le> ldsaxs fd vius xk¡o esa dgk¡ dqv¡k pkfg,] dgk¡ flapkbZ dh t:jr gS] dgk¡ iqy dh vko';drk gS
ckgj ds yksx bu lc ckrksa ls vufHkK gksrs gaSA
ç'u&
1- fdlh Hkh ns'k dh egkurk fdl ij fuHkZj djrh gS\
2- iapo"kÊ; 'kCn esa dkSulk lekl gS \
3- ns'k ds ukxfjd viuh dkSulh ftEesnkjh fuHkkrs gaS \
4- yksdra= dk ewyHkqr rRo D;k gS\
5- fdldks uhan ls txkus dh vko';drk gS \
6- oSKkfud 'kCn es ewy 'kCn vkSj çR;; crkb,A
68
¼4½
rqEgsa D;k djuk gS pkfg,] bldk Bhd&Bhd mÙkj rqEgha dks nsuk gksxk] nqljk dksbZ ugha ns ldrkA
dSlk Hkh fo'okl ik= fe= gks] rqEgkjs bl dke dks og vius Åij ugha ys ldrkA ge vuqHkoh yksxksa dh ckrksa
dks vknj ds lkFk lqusa] cqf)ekuksa dh lykg dks —rKrkiwoZd ekusa] ij bl ckr dks fuf'pr le>dj dh gekjs
dkeksa ls gh gekjk mRFkku vFkok iru gksxkA gesa vius fopkj vkSj fu.kZ; dh Lora=rk dks –<+rkiwoZd cuk,
j[kuk pkfg,A ftl iq#"k dh –f"V lnk uhph jgrh gS mldk flj dHkh mij u gksxkA uhph –f"V j[kus ls
;|fi jkLrs ij jgsaxs ij jkLrk dgk¡ ys tkrk gSA bl ckr dks u ns[ksaxs fdfpr dh Lora=rk dk eryc ps"Vk
dh dBksjrk ;k ç—fr dh mxzrk ugha gSaA vius O;ogkj esa dksey jgks vkSj vius mís';ksa dks mPp j[kks] bl
çdkj uez vkSj mPpk'k; nksuksa cuksA vius eu dks dHkh ejk gqvk u j[kksA tks euq"; viuk y{; ftruk gh
Åij j[krk gS] mruk gh mldk rhj Åij tkrk gSA
lalkj esa ,sls ,sls –<+ fpÙk euq"; gks x;s gSA ftUgksaus ejrs ne rd lR; dh Vsd ugha NksM+h] viuh
vkRek ds fo#) dksbZ dke ugha fd;kA jktk gfj'pUæ ds Åij bruh & bruh foifÙk;k¡ vkbZ] ij mUgksaus viuk
lR; ugha NksMkA
ç'u&
1- euq"; ds drZO;&deZ ds fuèkkZj.k esa dkSu lgk;d gksrk gS\
2- dSls yksxksa dh ckrksa dks vknj ds lkFk lquuk vkSj ekuuk pkfg,\
3- dSls iq#"k dk flj dHkh mij ugha gksxk \
4- rqEgs Lo;a ds ç'uks dk tokc dkSu nsxk\
5- eu dh Lora=rk D;k gS\
6- thou esa Hk;kud foifÙk;k¡ vkus ij Hkh D;k ugha NksM+uk pkfg,\
69
¼5½
okLro esa euq"; Lo;a dks ns[k ugha ikrkA mlds us= nwljksa ds pfj= dks ns[krs gSa] mldk ân; nwljksa
ds nks"kksa dks vuqHko djrk gSA mldh ok.kh nwljksa ds voxq.kksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj ldrh gS] fdarq mldk viuk
pfj=] mlds vius nks"k ,oe~ mlds voxq.k] feF;kfHkeku vkSj vkRexkSjo ds dkys vkoj.k esa bl çdkj
çPNUu jgrs gSa fd thoui;aZr mls –f"Vxkspj gh ugha gks ikrsA blhfy, euq"; Lo;a dks loZxq.k laiUu nsork
le> cSBrk gSA O;fä Lo;a ds }kjk ftruk Nyk tkrk gS mruk fdlh vU; ds }kjk ughaA vkRefo'ys"k.k dksbZ
lgt dk;Z ughaA blds fy, mnkjrk] lgu'khyrk ,oe~ egkurk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g
ugha gS fd vkRe fo'ys"k.k euq"; dj gh ugha ldrkA vius xq.k&voxq.kksa dh vuqHkwfr euq"; dks lnSo jgrh
gSA vius nks"kksa ls og gj iy voxr jgrk gS] fdUrq vius nks"kksa dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj u jguk gh mldh
nqcZyrk gksrh gS vkSj ;gh mls vkRe&fo'ys"k.k dh {kerk ugha ns ikrhA mlesa bruh mnkjrk vkSj ân; dh
fo'kkyrk gh ugha gksrh fd og vius nks"kksa dks Lo;a ns[kdj Bhd dj ldsA blds foijhr ij fuank ,oe~ ij
nks"k n'kZu esa viuk dqN ugha fcxM+uk] mYVs euq"; vkuUn vuqHko djrk gS] ijarq vkRefo'ys"k.k djds vius
nks"k ns[kus ls euq"; ds vgadkj dks pksV igq¡prh gSA
ç'u&
1- ôkLro esa euq"; Lo;a dks ns[k ugha ikrk*& bl okD; dk vk'k; çdV dhft,A
2- euq"; }kjk nwljksa ds voxq.k ns[kus rFkk vius voxq.kksa dks u ns[k ikus ds ihNs D;k dkj.k gS\
3- euq"; dks vius ckjs esa D;k Hkze gks tkrk gS\
4- euq"; fdlds }kjk Nyk tkrk gS rFkk D;ksa \
5- vkRe&fo'ys"k.k fdldks dgrs gSa\
6- mi;qZä x|ka'k dk 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
70
¼6½
ljy Hkk"kk ds nks vFkZ gks ldrs gSaA ,d ;g gS fd Hkk"kk gtkj&ik¡p lkS 'kCnksa rd lhfer dj nh
tk,] tks çFke csfld baxfy'k ds lEcU/k esa fd;k x;k gSA nwljk vFkZ gS fd Hkk"kk ljy gks vkSj cgqtu
leqnk; dh le> esa vk,A eSaus ekyoh; th dh fgUnh lquh gSA mlls T;knk ljy vkSj vklku fgUnqLrkuh eSaus
ugha lquhA muds 'kCn T;knkrj nks ;k rhu v{kj ds gksrs FksA vxj mudh Hkk"kk dks bl dlkSVh ij dlk tk,
fd mlesa vjch vFkok vaxzsth ls mits fdrus 'kCn gksrs Fks] rks og cM+h dM+h Hkk"kk FkhA ysfdu ;g ukle>
dlkSVh gksxhA cgqtu leqnk; vkSj 'kk;n eqlyekuksa dh Hkh le> ds yk;d ftruh og Hkk"kk Fkh] mlls T;knk
vkSj dksbZ ughaA vkf[kj jghe vkSj tk;lh eqlyeku Fks ;k ughaA
jsfM;ks ds lekpkj esa eq>s ,d ckj nks 'kCn ckj&ckj lquus dks feys] ^QSDVjh^ vkSj ^fcyÂ ^jsfM;ks^ dk
bLrseky eSaus tkucw>dj fd;k gS] u fd jsfMvksA tc Hkkjrh; fo}ku~ vkSj ljdkjh yksx vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kCnksa dh
ckr djrs gSa] rc os ikrs gSa fd bu 'kCnksa ds vusd :i gSaA os vaxzsth :i dks gh ewy vUrjkZ"Vªh; :i eku cSBs
gSa] tks cM+h uk&le>h gSA
ç'u &
1- Hkk"kk dks ljy fdl çdkj cuk;k tk ldrk gS \
2- ekyoh; th dh fgUnh fdl çdkj dh Fkh \
3- ys[kd us ukle> dh dlkSVh fdldks dgk gS \
4- cgqtu lekt rFkk eqlyekuksa dh le> ds fy, ekyoh; th dh Hkk"kk dSlh Fkh \
5- vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kCnksa ds fdrus :i gSa \
6- mi;qZä x|ka'k dk 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
71
¼7½
Kku jkf'k ds lafpr dks"k gh dk uke lkfgR; gSaA lc rjg ds Hkkoksa dks çdV djus dh ;ksX;rk j[kus
okyh vkSj funksZ"k gksus ij Hkh] ;fn dksbZ Hkk"kk viuk fut dk lkfgR; ugha j[krh rks og] :iorh fHk[kkfju dh
rjg] dnkfi vknj.kh; ugha gks ldrhA mldh 'kksHkk] mldh JhlEiUurk] mldh eku&e;kZnk mlds lkfgR;
ij gh voyfEcr jgrh gSA tkfr fo'ks"k ds mRd"kkZid"kZd dk] mlds mPpuh; Hkkoksa dk] mlds /kkfeZd fopkjksa
vkSj lkekftd la?kVu dk mlds ,sfrgkfld ?kVukpØksa vkSj jktuSfrd fLFkfr;ksa dk çfrfcac ns[kus dks ;fn
dgha fey ldrk gS rks mlds xzaFk lkfgR; gh esa fey ldrk gSA lkekftd 'kfä ;k lthork] lkekftd
v'kfä ;k futhZork vkSj lkekftd lH;rk rFkk vlH;rk dk fu.kkZ;d ,dek= lkfgR; gSA tkfr;ksa dh {kerk
vkSj lthork ;fn dgha çR;{k ns[kus dks fey ldrh gS rks mlds lkfgR;:ih vkbZus esa gh fey ldrh gSA bl
vkbZus ds lkeus tkrs gh gesa ;g rRdky ekywe gks tkrk gS fd veqd tkfr dh thouh & 'kfä bl le;
fdruh ;k dSlh gS vkSj Hkwrdky esa fdruh vkSj dSlh FkhA
ç'u &
1- lkfgR; fdls dgrs gSa \
2- futh lkfgR; ls foghu fdlh Hkk"kk dh n'kk dSlh gksrh gS \
3- fdlh Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; ls fdlh tkfr ds ckjs esa D;k irk pyrk gS \
4- lkfgR; fdl ckr dk ,dek= fu.kkZ;d gksrk gS \
5- lkfgR; dh rqyuk vkbZus ls djus dk D;k dkj.k gS \
6- bl x|ka'k ds fy, ,d mi;qä 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
72
¼8½
ftUnxh ds vlyh ets muds fy, ugha gSa] tks Qwyksa dh Nk¡g ds uhps [ksyrs vkSj lksrs gSa cfYd Qwyksa
dh Nk¡g ds uhps vxj thou dk dksbZ Lokn fNik gS] rks og Hkh mUgha ds fy, gS] tks nwj jsfxLrku ls vk jgs
gSa] ftudk d.B lw[kk gqvk] vksaB QVs gq, vkSj lkjk cnu ilhus ls rj gSA ikuh esa tks ve`r okyk rÙo gS]
mls og tkurk gS tks /kwi esa lw[k pqdk gS] og ugha tks jsfxLrku esa dHkh iM+k gh ugha gSA
lq[k nsus okyh phtsa igys Hkh Fkha vkSj vc Hkh gSa] QdZ ;g gS fd tks lq[kksa dk ewY; igys pqdkrs gSa vkSj muds
ets ckn esa ysrs gSa] mUgsa Lokn vf/kd feyrk gSA ftUgsa vkjke vklkuh ls fey tkrk gS] muds fy, vkjke gh
ekSr gSA
tks yksx ik¡o Hkhxus ds [kkSQ ls ikuh ls cprs jgrs gSa] leqæ esa Mwc tkus dk [krjk mUgha ds fy, gSA
ygjksa esa rSjus dk ftUgsa vH;kl gS] os eksrh ysdj ckgj vk,¡xsA
ç'u &
1- Qwyksa dh Nk¡g ds uhps [ksyus vkSj lksus dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \
2- jsfxLrku esa ;k=k djus ls D;k d"V gksrk gS \
3- ftUnxh dk etk dkSu mBk ldrk gS \
4- lq[k nsus okyh phtksa ls vf/kd lq[k fdudks feyrk gS \
5- ikuh esa fLFkr ve`r okys rRo dks dkSu igpkurk gS \
6- mi;qZä x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A
73
¼9½
lkfgfR;d Kku ds [kks[kysiu ds lkFk] ftldks eSa çk;% çdV ugha gksus nsrk] eq>esa uSfrd xkEHkh;Z dk
vHkko jgk gSA ;|fi ijfgr ds /keZ dk mfpr ls de ek=k esa gh ikyu dj ldk gw¡] rFkkfi ij&ihM+u dh
v/kekbZ ls ;FkklEHko cprk jgrk gw¡] eq>esa detksfj;k¡ jgha fdUrq eSaus mu detksfj;ksa dks detksfj;k¡ gh dgkA
;|fi eSaus egkRek xk¡/kh dh Hkk¡fr mudk mn~?kkVu ugha fd;k fQj Hkh mudks fdlh HkO; vkpj.k ds uhps
fNikus dk ç;Ru Hkh fd;kA viuh detksfj;ksa ds Kku us eq>s nwljksa dh detksfj;ksa ds çfr mnkj cuk;kA nwljs
i{k dks eSaus lnk eku fy;kA viuh Hkwy dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, lnk rS;kj jgkA blh dkj.k eSa nwljksa ds
oSj&fojks/k ls cpk jgk] ;|fi dHkh&dHkh ,slh ckr lquus dks fey xbZ Þnwljksa ds çfr vijk/k dj mudk
uqdlku dj] {kek ek¡xus ls D;k ykHk \ ;g rks twrk ekjdj nq'kkys ls iksaNus dh uhfr gqbZA^^ nwljs ds fd;s
gq, midkjksa dk eSa çR;qidkj rks ugha dj ldk] ij vius midkjh ds fy, ;gh 'kqHk&dkeuk djrk jgk fd og
,slh ifjfLFkfr esa u vk;s fd mldks esjs çR;qidkj dh t:jr iM+s vkSj eSa Hkh vkyL; dk lq[kn /keZ R;kxdj
d"V esa iMw¡] fdUrq eSaus midkj ds cnys vidkj djus dh ps"Vk Hkh ugha dh vkSj u dHkh midkjh dk —r?u
gh gqvkA esjs fojksf/k;ksa }kjk fd;k gqvk vidkj esjs ân; ls ikuh dh ydhj dh Hkk¡fr lgt esa rks foyhu ugha
gks x;k] fdUrq og iRFkj dh ydhj ugha cukA
ç'u &
1- ys[kd us viuh fdu nks dfe;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS \
2- îjfgr^ vkSj îjihM+u^ ds ckjs esa ys[kd us D;k dgk gS \
3- viuh detksfj;ksa dks tkuus ls ys[kd dks D;k ykHk gqvk \
4- nwljksa ds fojks/k ls cpus dk mik; bl x|ka'k ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k,A
5- **twrk ekjdj nq'kkys ls iksaNus** dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \
6- bl x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
74
¼10½
lkfgR;dkj cgq/kk vius ns'kdky ls çHkkfor gksrk gSA tc dksbZ ygj ns'k esa mBrh gS] rks lkfgR;dkj
ds fy, mlls vfopfyr jguk vlaHko gks tkrk gSA mldh fo'kky vkRek vius ns'k cU/kqvksa ds d"Vksa ls fody
gks mBrh gS vkSj bl rhoz fodyrk esa og jks mBrk gS( ij mlds #nu esa Hkh O;kidrk gksrh gSA og Lons'k dk
gksdj Hkh lkoZHkkSfed jgrk gSA ^Vke dkdk dh dqfV;k^ xqykeh dh çFkk ls O;fFkr ân; dh jpuk gS ij vkt
ml çFkk ds mB tkus ij Hkh mlesa og O;kidrk gS fd ge yksx Hkh mls i<+dj eqX/k gks tkrs gSaA lPpk
lkfgR; dHkh iqjkuk ugha gksrkA og lnk u;k cuk jgrk gSA n'kZu vkSj foKku le; dh xfr ds vuqlkj
cnyrs jgrs gSa ij lkfgR; rks ân; dh oLrq gS vkSj ekuo ân; esa rCnhfy;k¡ ugha gksrhaA g"kZ vkSj foLe;]
Øks/k vkSj }s"k] vk'kk vkSj Hk;] vkt Hkh gekjs eu ij mlh rjg vf/k—r gSa] tSls vkfn dfo okYehfd ds le;
esa Fks vkSj dnkfpr vuUr rd jgsaxsA jkek;.k ds le; dk le; vc ugha gS] egkHkkjr dk le; Hkh vrhr gks
x;k] ij ;s xzUFk vHkh rd u;s gSaA lkfgR; gh lPpk bfrgkl gS D;ksafd mlesa vius ns'k vkSj dky dk tSlk
fp= gksrk gS] oSlk dksjs bfrgkl esa ugha gks ldrkA ?kVukvksa dh rkfydk bfrgkl ugha gS vkSj u jktkvksa dh
yM+kb;k¡ gh bfrgkl gSA bfrgkl thou ds fofHkUu vaxksa dh çxfr dk uke gS vkSj thou ij lkfgR; ls
vf/kd çdk'k vkSj dkSu oLrq Mky ldrh gS D;ksafd lkfgR; vius ns'kdky dk çfrfcEc gksrk gSA
ç'u&
1- lkfgR;dkj fdl ckr ls çHkkfor gksrk gS \
2- ns'kdky dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \
3- lkfgR;dkj ds #nu esa O;kidrk gksus dk D;k vk'k; gS \
4- dkj.k Li"V dhft, ^^lPpk lkfgR; dHkh iqjkuk ugha gksrk og lnk u;k cuk jgrk gSA^^
5- g"kZ] foLe;] Øks/k] }s"k] vk'kk] Hk; bR;kfn dSls euksfodkj gSa \
6- mi;qZä x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
75
25- fucaèk ys[ku
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij lkjxfHkZr fucUèk fyf[k, \ ¼'kCn lhek 300 'kCn½
1- fMftVy bafM;k
vFkok
Hkkjr% fMftVyhdj.k dh vksj
2 csVh cpkvks% csVh i<+kvks
vFkok
dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k% egkiki
3- dksjksuk ok;jl egkekjh ds lkekftd vkfFkZd çHkko
4- dS'kysl vFkZO;oLFkk pqukSfriw.kZ% ldkjkRed dne
5- Hkkjrh; laL—fr dk vuqie migkj% ;ksx
vFkok
;ksx LokLF; dh dqath
6- jk"Vªh; ,drk dh lqj{kk & gekjk drZO;
vFkok
jk"Vª ds çfr gekjs nkf;Ro
7- u;s Hkkjr dh vk'kk% ;qokoxZ
vFkok
;qok ih<+h vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo";
8- tula[;k o`f)% ?kVrh le`f)
76
9- jktLFkku esa ty&ladV
vFkok
e#Hkwfe dk thou èku&ty
10- ekuo lH;rk dk ladV& vkradokn
vFkok
vkradokn ,d% oS'ohd leL;k
11- vusdrk esa ,drk %& Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk
12- lekt ds uofuekZ.k esa lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk
13- lekt esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk
14- efgyk l'kähdj.k vkSj f'k{kk
15- i;kZoj.k laj{k.k% çnq"k.k fu;a=.k
16- eg¡xkbZ dh ekj % thou csgky
17- ?kVrs jkstxkj % c<+rh csjkstxkjh
18- orZeku eas dEI;qVj f'k{kk dh vfuok;Zrk
19- dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k % ekuo lekt ij dyad
20- jktLFkku esa i;ZVu
21- bDdhloha lnha vkSj fodflr Hkkjr
77
26- i= ,oa çk:i ys[ku
¼1½ v)Z'kkldh; i=
1- Lo;a dks 'kklu lfpo] f'k{kk foHkkx egsUæ dqekj ekurs gq, jkT; ds leLr laLFkk çèkkuksa dks
xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dh lqfuf'prk gsrq ,d v)Z'kkldh; i= fyf[k,A
2- ftyk dyDVj ckalokM+k dh vksj ls jftLVªkj jln foHkkx] t;iqj dks ljdkjh jk'ku dh nqdkuksa ij
gksus okyh vfu;ferrkvkas ds lacaèk esa mfpr dk;Zokgh dk vkxzg djrs gq, ,d v)Zljdkjh i=
fyf[k,A
3- lfpo] ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj dh vksj ls iqfyl egkfuns'kd jktLFkku] t;iqj dks
,d v)Zljdkjh i= fyf[k, ftlesa cksMZ ijh{kk ç'u i=ks dh lqj{kk dk vkxzg gksA
4- lfpo] f'k{kk foHkkx] jktLFkku ljdkj] t;iqj dh vksj vk;qä] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx dks
v)Zljdkjh i= fyf[k, ftlesa ljdkjh fo|ky; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh fu;fer LokLF; tkap dk vkxzg
fd;k x;k gksA
5- fof'k"V 'kklu lfpo jktLFkku t;iqj dh vksj ls vtesj e.My vk;qä dks is;ty dh vkiwfrZ ds
lEcUèk esa iw.kZ fooj.k Hkstsus gsrq funZsf'kr djrs gq, v)Zljdkjh i= fyf[k,A
¼2½ fufonk
iz- fufonk fdls dgrs gSa \
1- vfèk'kklh vfHk;ark] vtesj fo|qr ifj;kstuk dh vksj ls lkexzh Ø; lacaèkh eksgjcan fufonk,a vkef=r
djus dk fufonk lwpuk i= rS;kj dhft, A
2- çcaèkd jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe] t;iqj dh vksj ls iath—r Bsdsnkjksa ls cl LVs'ku pkSaew ,oa
Hkokuh eaMh ds foLrkjhdj.k dk;Z gsrq fufonk vkea=.k çk:i rS;kj dhft,
3- vk;qä] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx t;iqj dh vksj ls jkT; ds leLr fpfdRlky;ksa esa fu%
'kqYd nok forj.k gsrq iath—r nok daifu;ksa gsrq fufonk vkea=.k çk:i rS;kj dhft,A
4- Hkkjr lhek lqj{kk cy dh vksj ls jk'ku rsy vkfn dk ljdkjh HkaMkjks esa <qyku gsrq fufonk vkea=.k
dk çk:i rS;kj dhft,A
78
¼3½ foKfIr
iz- foKfIr fdls dgrs gSa\
1 uxj fuxe t;iqj }kjk deZpkfj;ksa ds ikfjJfed esa c<+ksrjh ds lacaèk esa ,d çsl foKfIr rS;kj dhft,A
2- Hkkjrh; [ksy ifj"kn ubZ fnYyh }kjk f[kykfM+;kas dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; ind
fotsrk ds iqjLdkj o`f) lacaèkh çsl foKfIr fyf[k,A
3- xzkeh.k e#/kjk {ks=h; cSad] {ks=h; dk;kZy;] nkSlk dh vksj ls dk;kZy; LFkku&ifjorZu dh vke&lwpuk
lacaèkh ,d foKfIr rS;kj dhft,A
4- ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ vtesj] jktLFkku ds lfpo dh vksj ls foKfIr çk:i rS;kj dhft, ftlesa
ijh{kkvksas dh rkjh[k ifjofrZr djus dh lwpuk nh xbZ gksA
¼4½ vfèklwpuk
1- jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky; t;iqj }kjk nh{kkUr lekjksg ds vk;kstu dh ,d vfèklwpuk dk çk:i rS;kj
dhft,A
2- ftyk fuokZpu vfèkdkjh] lhdj }kjk ernkrk lwph esa uke tksM+us ;k gVkus ,oa ukekoyh lqèkkj dks
ysdj vfèklwpuk dk çk:i rS;kj dhft,A
3- jktLFkku ljdkj jkT; esa i;ZVu m|ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ftyk i;ZVu dsUæ [kksyus ds lEcUèk
esa milfpo i;ZVu foHkkx dh vksj ls ,d vfèklwpuk dk çk:i fyf[k,A
4- eq[; lfpo] jktLFkku ljdkj] 'kklu lfpoky; dh vksj ls lHkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa ds vkns'k jktHkk"kk
fgUnh esa çdkf'kr djus ls lEcfUèkr vfèklwpuk rS;kj dhft,A
¼5½ Kkiu
iz- Kkiu fdls dgrs gSa\
1- uxj fodkl lfefr ds vè;{k ds ukrs ftyk dysDVj vtesj dks i= fy[kdj viuh uo fufeZr
d‚yksuh ds fu;ferhdj.k djus dh O;oLFkk **ç'kklu 'kgjksa ds lax** tSls vk;kstu fd, tkus dh
frfFk fuf'pr djus ds fy, vuqjksèk fd;k tkos A
2- Hkkjr ljdkj] j{kk ea=ky; dh vksj ls Jh ujsUæ flag ds fyfid in ij fu;qfä ds lanHkZ esa ,d
Kkiu çLrqr dhft,A
3- xzke iapk;r ds lfpo dh vksj ls vius ftyk dysDVj dks xk¡o esa QSyh ekSleh chekfj;ksa] ;Fkk
eysfj;k] Msaxw ,oa fpduxqfu;k ds mipkjkFkZ fpfdRldksa dh Vhe Hkstus gsrq Kkiu çk:i rS;kj dhft,A
79
27- ¼i½ vkys[k ¼100 'kCn½
1- **cnyrk Hkkjr & c<+rk Hkkjr** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
2- **Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa vfrfFk dk LFkku** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
3- **uDlyokn dh leL;k** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
4- **eksckby fcu lc lwu** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
5 **vktknh dk ve`r egksRlo** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
6- **fu'kqYd dU;k f'k{kk ds ifj.kke** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
7- Hkkjrh; thou 'kSyh esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dh fLFkfr ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
8- **vUrfj{k esa Hkkjr dk opZLo** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
9- **ns'k esa jkstxkj dh fLFkfr** ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
10- **fo'o di fØdsV esa Hkkjrh; Vhe dk çn'kZu** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
11- **L=h f'k{kk dh egrk** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
12- **fe'ku pUæ;ku&3** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
13- **Hkkjrh; efgyk fØdsVj& ferkyh jkt** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
14- **ngst ,d vfHk'kki** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
15- **[kk|&inkFkksZ esa feykoV** fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A
80
¼ii½ Qhpj ¼100 'kCn½
1- Qhpj fdls dgrs gaS \
2- Qhpj vkSj vkys[k esa D;k vUrj gS\ fyf[k,A
3- Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh fo'ks"krkvks ij ,d Qhpj fyf[k,A
4- **i;ZVu dk egRo** fo"k; ij ,d Qhpj fyf[k,A
5- **Hkz"Vkpkj dh QSyrh fo"k csy** fo"k; ij Qhpj fyf[k,A
6- **Hkkjr esa fdlkuksa dh nqjoLFkk** fo"k; ij Q+hpj rS;kjh dhft,A
7- **tad QwM+ dh c<+rh ?kqliSB** fo"k; ij Qhpj rS;kj dhft,A
8- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij Qhpj fyf[k,&
¼ⅰ ½ 'kgj ls igys lekt dks LekVZ cuk, A
¼ⅰⅰ½ lksp cnysxh & lekt cnysxk A
¼ⅰⅰⅰ½ ty gh thouA
¼ⅰv½ lc i<s+a & lc c<+sa A
¼v½ f'k{kk dk cktkjhdj.k A
¼+vi½ cPpksa dk fNurk cpiuA
¼vii½ ;qok ih<+h ds ?kVrs laLdkj A
¼viii½ jk"Vªh; iqjLdkjkas esa jktuhfrA
9- esjs fo|ky; dk iqLrdky;
10- fØdsV txr dh 'kku %& M.S. /kksuh
81
28- O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k
¼ⅰ½ Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k ,oa fyfi
cgqp;ukRed ç'u&
1- Hkk"kk ds {ks=h; :i dks D;k dgrs gSa \

¼v½ fyfi ¼c½ cksyh ¼l½ eq[; Hkk"kk ¼n½ ekSf[kd Hkk"kk
2- Hkk"kk dks 'kq) :i ls fy[kuk] i<+uk vkSj cksyuk fl[kkus okyk 'kkL= D;k dgykrk gS\
¼v½ NUn ¼c½ fyfi ¼l½ O;kdj.k ¼n½ jl
3- ekSf[kd èofu;ksa dks ftu fpàksa }kjk fy[kdj çdV fd;k tkrk gS mls D;k dgrs gSa \
¼v½ fyfi ¼c½ cksyh ¼l½ Hkk"kk ¼n½ O;kdj.k
4- fgUnh Hkk"kk dh fyfi gS\
¼v½ Qkjlh ¼c½ xq#eq[kh ¼l½ nsoukxjh ¼n½ jkseu
5- Hkk"kk dh fdruh bdkbZ;k gksrh gS\
¼v½ 3 ¼c½ 4 ¼l½ 5 ¼n½ 6
6- fuEufyf[kr esa if'pe fgUnh ds vUrxZr ugha vkrh gS&
¼v½ czt ¼c½ [kM+h cksyh ¼l½ voèkh ¼n½ dUukSth
7- O;kdj.k ds vax ekus x;s gS &
¼v½ 4 ¼c½ 2 ¼l½ 5 ¼n½ 6
8- Hkk"kk ds eq[;r% fdrus :i gS\
¼v½ 2 ¼c½ 3 ¼l½ 4 ¼n½ 5
9- fgUnh dh cksfy;ksa dks fdrus Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS \
¼v½ 4 ¼c½ 5 ¼l½ 6 ¼n½ 7
10- vUèks yksxksa ds fy, dkSulh fyfi ç;ksx esa vkrh gS \
¼v½ czsy fyfi ¼c½ ckS) fyfi ¼l½ czkãh fyfi ¼n½ bues ls dksbZ ugha
11- fopkjksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus dk ek/;e gS &
¼v½ ladsr ¼c½ Hkk"kk ¼l½ in ¼n½ /ofu
12- foHkfä ;qä 'kCn D;k dgykrk gS\
¼v½ 'kCn ¼c½ okD; ¼l½ in ¼n½ o.kZ
13- fdlh Hkk"kk dks cksyus rFkk fy[kus ds fu;eks dh O;ofLFkr i)fr D;k dgykrh gS \
¼v½ okD; fopkj ¼c½ 'kCn 'kfä ¼l½ lekl ¼n½ O;kdj.k
82
mÙkjekyk& 1- c 2- l 3-v 4-l 5-l 6- l 7-v 8- v 9- c 10 v 11- c] 12- l] 13- n
fuEufyf[kr fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dh fdft,

1- cksyh dk {ks= lhfer rFkk Hkk"kk dk {ks= -------------------------------------- gksrk gSA
2- Hkk"kk 'kCn laL—r ds --------------------------------------- /kkrq ls cuk gSA
3- Hkk"kk ds LFkkuh; :i dks -------------------------------------- dgrs gaSA
4- o.kksZ ds lkFkZd lewg ds -------------------------------------- dgrs gSaA
5- nsoukxjh fyfi dk fodkl -------------------------------------- fyfi ls gqvk A
6- euq";ksa dh O;ä o.kZukRed ok.kh -------------------------------------- dgykrh gSA
7- 14 flrEcj] 1949 dks fgUnh dks Hkkjr dh ------------------------------------ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
8- voèkh] c?ksyh] NÙkhlx<h -------------------------------------- lewg esa 'kkfey gSA
9- fgUnh Hkk"kk -------------------------------------- fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh gSA
10- usikyh -------------------------------------- fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh gSA
83
¼ii½ 'kCn 'kfä
cgqp;ukRed ç'u
1- vfHkèkk 'kCn 'kfä esa çdV gksus okyk vFkZ dgykrk gS &
¼v½ okP;kFkZ ¼c½ vfHkèks;kFkZ ¼l½ ewykFkZ ¼n½ mijksä lHkh
2- y{;kFkZ dk cksèk djkus okyh 'kCn 'kfä gS &
¼v½ vfHk/kk ¼c½ y{k.kk ¼l½ O;atuk ¼n½ dksbZ ugh
3- dkSulh 'kCn 'kfä èofu ij vkèk`r gksrh gS \
¼v½ vfHkèkk ¼c½ O;atuk ¼l½ :<+k y{k.kk ¼n½ iz;kstorh y{k.kk
4- lkekU;r% tc 'ys"k vyadkj ;qä in gks rks dkSu lh 'kCn 'kfä gksrh gS \
¼v½ vfHkèkk ¼c½ miknku y{k.kk ¼l½ y{k.kk ¼n½ O;atuk
5- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdls o`fr ;k O;kikj dgrs gSa\
¼v½ jl ¼c½ NUn ¼l½ xq.k ¼n½ 'kCn 'kfä
6- 'kCn 'kfä ds eq[;r% fdrus Hksn ekus x;s gS\
¼v½ 2 ¼c½ 3 ¼l½ 5 ¼n½ 8
7- fdls *'kCn dh çFkek 'kfä* dgk tkrk gS\
¼v½ vfHkèkk ¼c½ O;atuk ¼l½ y{k.kk ¼n½ vyadkj
8- 'kkCnh vkSj vkFkÊ fdl 'kCn 'kfä ds Hksn gS \
¼v½ vfHkèkk ¼c½ O;atuk ¼l½ y{k.kk ¼n½ rkRi;kZ
9- **bl cqf<;k dks u lrkvks] ;g rks fujh xk; gS** okD; esa dkSulh 'kCn 'kfä gS\
¼v½ vfHkèkk ¼c½ y{k.kk ¼l½ O;atuk ¼n½ vfHkèkk vkSj dtuk
10- 'kCn dk dYiuk vk/kkfjr vFkZ tks vfHk/ks; rFkk y{;kFkZ ls ijs gks ogk¡ dkSulh 'kCn 'kfä gksrh gS \
¼v½ y{k.kk ¼c½ O;atuk ¼la½ vfHk/kk ¼n½ :<+k y{k.kk
11- **;g rktegy dc rd iwjk gksxk^^ okD; esa dkSulh 'kCn 'kfä gS\
¼v½ y{k.kk ¼c½ O;atuk ¼la½ vfHk/kk ¼n½ y{k.kk vfHk/kk
12- **thou esa euq"; dks vusd ioZr ikj djus iM+rs gSaA^^ okD; esa dkSulh 'kCn 'kfä gS\
¼v½ vfHk/kk O;atuk ¼c½ y{k.kk ¼l½ O;atuk ¼n½ vfHk/kk
mÙkjekyk& 1- n 2-c 3-c 4-n 5-n 6-c 7-v 8-c 9-c 10-c 11- v 12- c
fjäLFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,

1- **vaèksjk gks x;k gS& lsB us ukSdj ls dgk** okD; esa -------------------------------- -'kCn 'kfä gSA
2- **;g ;equk iq=ksa dk uxj gS** okD; esa -------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfä gSA
3- **lhrk [kkuk cuk jgh gS** okD; esa -------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfä gSA
4- ftl 'kCn ls eq[; vFkZ fudyrk gS mls -------------------------------------'kCn 'kfä dgrs gaSA
5- :<] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:n 'kCnks dk ç;ksx -------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfä esa gksrk gSA
6- ikuh x, u mHkjs] eksrh ekul pwu eas -------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfä gSA
7- ç;kstu ;k mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq -------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfä dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
84
¼iii½ vaydkj
cgqp;ukRed ç'u
1- vyadkj fdrus çdkj ds gksrs gSa \
¼v½ 2 ¼c½ 3 ¼l½ 4 ¼n½ 5
2- vyadkj dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ D;k gksrk gS \
¼v½ oL= ¼c½ vkHkw"k.k ¼l½ oxZ ¼n½ èku
3- mieku vkSj mies; ds vHksn dks D;k dgrs gSa \
¼v½ miek ¼c½ :id ¼l½ mRçs{kk ¼n½ vuqçkl
4- mies; esa dfYir mieku dh laHkkouk dks D;k dgrs gSa \
¼v½ #id ¼c½ –"VkUr ¼l½ mRçs{kk ¼n½ 'ys"k
5- tgk¡ 'kCnks dh vko`fr gks fdUrq vFkZ fHkUu fHkUu gks ogk¡ vyadkj gksrk gS &
¼v½ 'ys"k ¼c½ #id ¼l½ oØksfä ¼n½ ;ed
6- **lUrksa HkkbZ vkbZ Kku dh vkaèkh js** iafä esa dkSulk vyadkj gS \
¼v½ miek ¼c½ :id ¼l½ ;ed ¼n½ vuqçkl
7- *tsrs rqe rkjs] rsrs uHk esa u rkjs* iafDRk esa dkSulk vyadkj gS \
¼v½ miek ¼c½ :id ¼l½ 'ys"k ¼n½ ;ed
8- Þjhf> jhf> jgfl jgfl galh galh mBsß iafä esa vuqçkl vyadkj dk dkSulk Hksn gS\
¼v½ o`R;kuqçkl ¼c½ JqR;kuqçkl ¼l½ Nsdkuqçkl ¼n½ vUR;kuqçkl
9- miek vyadkj ds fdrus vax gS \
¼v½ 4 ¼c½ 6 ¼l½ 8 ¼n½ 10
10- fuEu esa ls miek dk vax ugha gS &
¼v½ mies; ¼c½ okpd 'kCn ¼l½ mieku ¼n½ y{k.k
¼11½ **fo"ke; ;g xksnkojh] ve`ru ds Qy nsr^^ iafä esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ miek ¼c½ ;ed ¼l½ fojks/kkHkkl ¼n½ mRçs{kk
¼12½ tgk¡ dksbZ 'kCn ,d ckj ç;qä gks fdUrq çlax Hksn ls mlds ,d ls vf/kd vFkZ gks] ogk¡ dkSulk
vyadkj gksrk gS\
¼v½ HkzkfUreku ¼c½ 'ys"k ¼l½ lUnsg ¼n½ :id
¼13½ ^^lwj&lwj rqylh lfl mMx.k ds'konkl^^ çLrqr iafä esa dkSulk vyadkj gS\
¼v½ vuqçkl ¼c½ lUnsg ¼l½ ;ed ¼n½ HkzkfUreku
85
¼14½ **og eFkqjk dktj lh dksBjh^^ iafä esa dkSulk vyadkj gS \
¼v½ miek ¼c½ ;ed ¼l½ mRçs{kk ¼n½ ekuohdj.k
mÙkjekyk& 1- c 2- c 3- c 4- l 5- n 6- c 7- n 8- l 9 v 10- n 11- l] 12- c] 13- l] 14- v
fuEufyf[kr fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, A

1- tgk¡ ,d tSls o.kkZs dh vko`fr ckj ckj gks ogk¡ ---------------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
2- vyadkjksa dk vuko';d ç;ksx dfork ds lkSUn;Z dks --------------------------------------- djrk gS A
3- **meM+ jgh Fkh Qsu mxyrh Qu QSyk, liksasZ lh** iafDr esa -------------------------------------- vyadkj gSA
4- dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+kus okys xq.k èkekZsa dks --------------------------------------- dgrs gSaA
5- **j?kqifr jk?ko jktk jke** iafä esa ---------------------------------------- vyadkj gSA
6- ftl vyadkj esa 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ls peRdkj mRiUu gks og --------------------------------------- vyadkj dgykrk gSA
7- **tgk¡ ,d gh mPpkj.k LFkku okys o.kksZ dh vko`fr gks** ogk¡ ---------------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
8- tgk¡ mies; vkSj mieku esa Hksn gksrs gq, Hkh mies; esa mieku dh laHkkouk çdV dh tk, ogk¡
--------------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSSA
9- dkj.k dk vHkko gksus ij Hkh dk;Z lEiUu gks tk, ogk¡ --------------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
10- tc fdlh O;fDRk ;k oLrq dk o.kZu djus esa yksd lekt dh lhek ;k e;kZnk VqV tk;s ogk¡ ----------------
---------------------------------------- vaydkj gksrk gSA
86
ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh
fuEufyf[kr vaxzsth ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dk fgUnh vFkZ fyf[k,!
1- Acknowledgement &ikofr 2- Parliamentary& lalnh;
3- Unique &vf}rh; 4- Census &tux.kuk
5- Employer &fu;ksäk 6- Grant& vuqnku
7- Minutes &dk;Zo`r 8- Petition& ;kfpdk
9- Referendum& tuer laxzg 10- Statutory &oSèkkfud
11- Manifesto &?kks"k.kk i= 12- Honorarium &ekuns;
13- Invoice &pkyku 14- Agenda &dk;Zlwph
15- Constitution &lafoèkku 16- context &çlax] lUnHkZ

17- Disaster &foink 18- Ecology &ikfjfLFkfrdh
19- Gazetted &jktif=r 20- Hoarding &tek[kksjh
21- Homage J)katyh 22- Memo &Kkiu
23- Migrant &çoklh 24- Motion & çLrko
25- Protocol &uokpkj@f'k"Vkpkj 26- Provision & çkoèkku
27- Quorum- &x.kiwfrZ 28- Remuneration & ikfjJfed
29- Terminology& 'kCnkoyh 30- Union & la?k
31- Zonal vk¡pfyd 32- Warrant & vfèki=
33- Vocational O;kolkf;d 34- Summit & f'k[kj
35- Standard & ekud 36- Security & çfrHkwfr
37- Scrutiny& laoh{kk 38- Sanitation & LoPNrk
39- Sanction laLoh—fr 40- Revenue &jktLo
41- Rescue & cpko 42- Patron& laj{kd
43- Occupation &O;olk; 44- Integration & ,dhdj.k
45- Federation &ifjla?k 46- EXTENT &foLrkj
47- Escort &vuqj{kd 48- Decode& dwVokpu
49- Currency eqæk 50- Circular& ifji=
51 Accuracy & ;FkkFkZrk 52- Interview &lk{kkRdkj
53- Adjournment & LFkxu 54- Literate & lk{kj
55- Affidavit & 'kiFk i= 56- Livestock & i'kq/ku
87
57- Agitiation & vkUnksyu 58-- Manipulation & gLrdkS'ky
59- Amendment & la'kks/ku 60- Minority & vYila[;
61- Annexure & layXud 62- Negotiation & ckrphr
63- Appropriate & fofu;kstu djuk 64- Notification & vf/klwpuk
65- Auction & uhykeh 66- Objection & vkifÙk
63- Bequest & olh;r 68- Occupation & O;olk;
69- Bilingual & f}Hkk"kh 70- Ordinance & v/;kns'k
71- Bureaucracy & ukSdj'kkgh 72- Parliament & laln
73- Campaign & vfHk;ku 74- Passward & ladsr 'kCn
75- Catagory & Js.kh 76- Privilege & fo'ks"kkf/kdkj
77- Commission& vk;ksx 78- Quartery & =Sekfld
79- Commutation & ifjorZu 80- Recurring & vkorhZ
81- Concept & ladYiuk 82- Rehabilitation & iquokZl
83- Condolence & laonsuk 84- Resolution & ladYi
85- Constitution & lafo/kku 86- Technology & izkS|ksfxdh
87- Corporation & fuxe 88- Treasury & dks"k@[ktkuk
89- Correspondence & i=kpkj 90- Upgrade & mUu;u djuk
91- Determination & fu/kkZj.k@vo/kkj.kk 92- Verification & lR;kiu
93- Diplomacy & jktu;@dwVuhfr 94- Warrant & vf/ki=
95- Grivience & f'kdk;r 96- Withdraw & izR;kgj.k@okilh
97- Guarantee & izR;kHkwfr 98- Witness & lk{kh
99- Inaugurution & mn~?kkVu 100- Zonal & vk¡pfyd
88
29- e‚My ç'u i=&,d
mPp ekè;fed ijh{kk 2024 ¼fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øekuqlkj½
fo"k;% & fgUnh vfuok;Z
le; & 3%15 ?kaVs iw.kkZad & 80

ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, lkekU; funZs'k
1- ijh{kkFkÊ loZçFke vius ç'u i= ij ukekad vfuok;Zr% fy[ksa A
2- lHkh ç'u djus vfuok;Z gSaA
3- çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj nh xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa gh fy[ksa A
4- ftu ç'uksa esa vkUrfjd [kaM gS] mu lHkh ds mÙkj ,d lkFk fy[ksa A
[k.M ¼v½
1- fuEufyf[kr cgqp;ukRed iz'uksas ds mÙkj viuh mÙkjiqfLrdk esa fyf[k,& 12
¼i ½ fuEu esa ls dkSu mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh dk Hkkx ugha gS\
¼v½ bUVªks ¼c½ ck¡Mh ¼l½ eè; Hkkx ¼n½ lekiu
¼ii½ jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku esa ,d ls 10 rd dh la[;kvksa dks fdlesa fy[kk tkrk gS\
¼v½ vadks esa ¼c½ 'kCnkas esa ¼l½ jkWeu esa ¼n½ mi;qä lHkh
¼iii½ çoklh dk vaxzsth ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn crkb, &
¼v½ Migrant ¼c½ motion ¼l½ homage ¼n½ Grant
¼iv½ Sanitation dk fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn D;k gS\
¼v½ LoPNrk ¼c½ ukxfjdrk ¼l½ fuEurk ¼n½ jk"Vhª;rk
¼v½ Þpk¡n jkr ilfjrsß dfork ds laca/k esa dkSulh ckr lR; gS\
¼v½ ;g fnudj }kjk jfpr gSA ¼c½ ;g vuar dk.ksdj }kjk jfpr gSA
¼l½ ;g ds'ko dqekj }kjk jfpr gSA ¼n½ ;g lkSanyxsdj }kjk jfpr gSA
¼vi½ eqvutks&nM+ksa dh vuwBh felky D;k gS\
¼v½ uxj&fu;kstu¼c½ [ksrh ds vkStkj ¼l½ Hkou fuekZ.k ¼n½ LoPNrk
¼vii½ Lora=rk] lerk] Hkzkr`rk ij vk/kkfjr lekt dks ys[kd us dSlk lekt dgk gS\
¼v½ fefJr lekt ¼c½ Lora= lekt ¼l½ vkn'kZ lekt ¼n½ cgqy lekt
¼viii½ lalkj dh lcls ljl jpuk,¡ fdlds eq¡g ls fudyh gS\
¼v½ x`gLFkksa ds ¼c½ vo/kwrksa ds ¼l½ jktkvksa ds ¼n½ iafMrksa ds
89
¼ix½ fdlesa ifjfLFkfr dks rkM+us dh fo'ks"k cqf) gksrh gS\
¼v½ euq";ksa ds ¼c½ isM+ ikS/kksa ds ¼l½ dqRrksa esa ¼n½ cPpksa esa
¼x½ dfo us lkfgR; dk jlk;u fdls dgk gS\
¼v½ [kk| ¼c½ /ku ¼l½ cht ¼n½ dYiuk,
¼xi½ jkepfjrekul egkdkO; fdl Hkk"kk esa jfpr gS\
¼v½ czt ¼c½ vo/kh ¼l½ [kM+h cksyh ¼n½ Hkkstiqjh
¼xii½ ØkfUr dh vk'kadk ls dkSu Hk;Hkhr jgrk gS\
¼v½ 'kksf"kr oxZ ¼c½ dfo ¼l½ 'kks"kd oxZ ¼n½ ikBd
2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,& 6
¼i½ Hkk"kk dk LFkkuh; :i -------------------------------------------- dgykrk gSA
¼ii½ #<+] ;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:<+ 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ------------------------------------------ 'kCn 'kfDRk esa gksrk gSA
¼iii½ **tsrs rqe rkjs] rsrs uHk esa u rkjs** iafDr esa -----------------------------------------vyadkj gSA
¼iv½ tgk¡ ,d gh mPpkj.k LFkku okys o.kksZ dh vko`fÙk gks ogk¡ ---------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
¼v½ ------------------------------------- fyfi cka;h ls nka;h vksj fyf[k tkrh gSA
¼vi½ **ikuh x, u mHkjs eksrh ekul pwu** esa ------------------------------------------ 'kCn 'kfDr gSA
3- fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka'k dks i<+dj ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A 6
¼d½ gekjh laL—fr ds ewy vaxks ij çdk'k Mkyk tk pqdk gSA Hkkjr esa fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ds ikjLifjd
lEidZ es vkus ls laL—fr dh leL;k dqN tfVy gks xbZA iqjkus tekus esa æfoM+ vkSj vk;Z laL—fr dk
leUo; cgqr mÙke jhfr ls gks x;k FkkA bl le; eqfLye vkSj vaxzsth laL—fr;ksa dk esy gqvk gSA ge
bu laLd`fr;ksa ls vNwrs ugha jg ldrs gaSA bu laL—fr;ksa esa ls ge] fdruk NksMs+] ;g gekjs lkeus cM+h
leL;k gSA viuh Hkkjrh; laL—fr dks frykatyh nsdjA bldks viukuk vkRegR;k gksxhA Hkkjrh;
laL—fr dh leUo;&'khyrk ;gk¡ Hkh visf{kr gS fdUrq leUo; esa viuk u [kks cSBuk pkfg,A nwljh
laL—fr;ksa ds tks vax gekjh laL—fr esa vfojksèk :i ls viuk, tk lds muds }kjk viuh laL—fr dks
lEiUu cukuk vkifÙktud ughA viuh viuh laL—fr dh ckrsa pkgsa vPNh gks ;k cqjh pkgs nwljksa dh
laL—fr ls esy [kkrh gksa ;k u [kkrh gksa] muls yfTtr gksus dh dksbZ ckr ughaA
¼i ½ çkphu Hkkjr esa fdu nks laL—fr;ksa dk leUo; gqvk \
¼ii½ orZeku esa fdu nks laL—fr;ksa ds leUo; dh leL;k gS\
¼iii½ eqfLye rFkk vaxzsth laL—fr;ksa ds lkFk leUo; esa dfBukbZ D;k gS\
¼iv½ ys[kd fdldks yTtk dk fo"k; ugha ekurk \
¼v½ eqfLye rFkk vaxzsth laL—fr;ksa ls leUo; djrs le; D;k –f"Vdks.k viukuk pkfg, \
¼vi½ mi;Zqä x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A
90
4- fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<+dj fn;s x;s ç'uks ds mÙkj fyf[k,A 6
ns[kdj ckèkk fofoèk] cgq fo?u ?kcjkrs ughaA
jg Hkjksls Hkkx ds] nq%[k Hkksx iNrkrs ugha A
dke fdRkuk Hkh dfBu gks] fdUrq mdrkrs ugha
HkhM+ esa papy cus tks ohj fn[kykrs ugha A
gks x, bd vku esa] muds cqjs fnu Hkh Hkys A
lc txg lc dky esa os gh feys Qwys&Qys A
ioZrksa dks dkVdj lM+ds cuk nsrs gaS os
lSdM+ks e#Hkwfe esa ufn;ka pyk nsrs gSa os !
xHkZ esa tyjkf'k tyjkf'k ds csM+k pyk nsrs gSa os AA
taxyks esa Hkh egk eaxy Lpk nsrs gSa os
Hksn uHk&ry dk mUgksaus gS cgqr cryk fn;k A
gS mUgksaus gh fudkyh rkj dh lkjh fØ;k A
O;kse dks Nwrs gq, nqxZe igkM+ks ds f'k[kj A
os ?kus taxy tgk¡ jgrk gS re vkBks çgj A
xtZrh tyjkf'k dh mBrh gqbZ Å¡ph ygj A
vkx dh Hk;nkf;uh QSyks fn'kkvksa esa ygj A
;s d¡ik ldrs dHkh] ftuds dysts dks ugha A
Hkwydj Hkh os dHkh] ukdke jgrs gSa ugha A
¼i ½ thou esa vkus okyh fo?u&ck/kkvks ls u ?kcjkus dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS \

¼ii½ HkkX; ds Hkjksls jgus okyksa dks cqjs ifj.kke Hkqxrus iM+rs gSaA
¼iii½ deZ'khy iq#"k ioZrksa vkSj jsfxLFkku esa D;k peRdkj djrs gSa \
¼iv½ çLrqr ia|k'k dh Hkk"kk dSlh gS \
¼v½ taxyks esa Hkh egkeaxy iafä dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
¼vi½ mi;Zqä i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A
[k.M& c
fuEufyf[kr y?kwÙkjkRed iz'uksa ds mrj nhft,& ¼'kCn lhek 40 'kCn½
5- **eSa] gk; fdlh dh ;kn fy, fQjrk gw¡** dfo ds eu esa fdldh ;kn gS \ vkSj bldk dfo ij D;k
izHkko iM+rk gS \ 2
6- **Hkfäu okDiVqrk esa cgqr vkxs Fkh** ikB ds vkèkkj ij mnkgj.k nsdj Li"V dhft,A 2
7- **flYoj oSfMax** dgkuh ls D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS \ 2
91
8- **vdsykiu vFkok ,dkUr euq"; dks ;ksX; cukrk gS** tw> ikB ds vkèkkj ij fl) dhft,A 2
9- usV&lkmaM fdls dgrs gaS\ crkb,A 2
[k.M & l
iz'u 10 ls 13 ds mÙkj 60 ls 80 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, rFkk 14 ,oa 15 ds mÙkj yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
10- ØkfUr esa xtZuk dk 'kks"kd oxZ ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\ mudk eq[k <kaiuk fdl ekufldrk dk |ksrd
gS\ **ckny jkx** ds dfork ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft, A 3
vFkok
**dfo us Hkzkr`'kksd esa Mwcs jke dh n'kk dks mudh ujyhyk dh vis{kk lPph ekuoh; vuqHkwfr ds :i esa
jpk gSA** rdZ iw.kZ fopkj fyf[k,A
11- Hkxr th cktkj dks lkFkZdrk vkSj lekt dks 'kkafr ns jgs gSaA **cktkj n'kZu** ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V
dhft,A 3
vFkok
f}osnh th us f'kjh"k ds ekè;e ls dksykgy o la?k"kZ ls Hkjh thou&fLFkfr;ksa esa vfopy jg dj
ftthfo"kq cus jgus dh lh[k nh gSA fucU/k ds vk/kkj ij dFku dh foospuk dhft,A
12- **tw> çfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp la?k"kZ dh dgkuh gS dFku dks fl) dhft,A 3
vFkok
flaèkq&lH;rk rkdr ls 'kkflr gksus dh vis{kk le> ls vuq'kkflr lH;rk Fkh] *vrhr esa ncs ikao* ikB
ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
13- flYoj oSfMax dgkuh vkèkqfud ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa ds fo?kVu dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA mnkgj.k lfgr dFku
dh foospuk dhft, 3
vFkok
**VwVs&QwVs [k.Mgj lH;rk vkSj laL—fr ds bfrgkl ds lkFk&lkFk èkM+drh ftUnfx;ksa ds vuNq, le;ksa
dk Hkh nLrkost gS**A **vrhr ls ncs ikao** ikB ds vkèkkj ij dFku dh leh{kk dhft, A
14- vktknh dk ve`r egksRlo fo"k; ij vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A 3
vFkok
Qhpj vkSj vkys[k esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A
15- dfo j?kqohj lgk; dk O;fäRo ,oa —frRo ifjp; fyf[k,A 4
92
vFkok
ckck lkgsc Hkhejko vacsMdj dk O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo ifjp; fyf[k,A
[k.M &n
16- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k fyf[k,& 6
vxj os dHkh fxjrs gaS Nrksa ds [krjukd fdukjksa ls
vkSj cp tkrs gSa rc rks
vkSj Hkh fuMj gksdj lqugys lwjt ds lkeus vkrs gSaA
i`Foh vkSj Hkh rst ?kwerh gqbZ vkrh gS
muds cspSau iSjksa ds iklA
vFkok
eSa ;kSou dk mUekn fy, fQjrk gw¡]
mUeknksa esa volkn fy, fQjrk gw¡
tks eq> dks ckgj galk] #ykrh Hkhrj]
eSa] gk;] fdlh dh ;kn fy, fQjrk gw¡A
dj ;Ru feVs lc] lR; fdlh us tkuk
uknku ogh gS] gk; tgka ij nkuk A
fQj ew<+ uk D;k tx] tks bl ij Hkh lh[ksa \
eSa lh[k jgk gw¡ lh[kk Kku Hkwykuk A
17- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k fyf[k, & 6

fot;h yqVVu dwnrk Qkanrk rky Bksdrk lcls igys ckts okys dh vksj nkSM+k vkSj <ksyksa dks
J)kiwoZd ç.kke fd;kA fQj nkSM+ dj mlus jktk lkgc dks xksn esa mBk fy;kA jktk lkgc ds dherh
diMs+ feêh ls lu x,A eaSustj lkgc us vkifÙk dh gSa&gsa---- vjs jsA fdUrq jktk lkgc us Lo;a mls
Nkrh ls yxkdj xn~xn~ gksdj dgk thrs jgks cgknqj ! rqeus feêh dh ykt j[k yhA
vFkok
93
;gk¡ ,d vUrj fpUg ysuk cgqr t:jh gSaA eu [kkyh ugh jguk pkfg,] bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd
og eu can jguk pkfg,A tks can gks tk,xk] og 'kq.; gks tk,xkA 'kw.; gksus dk vfèkdkj cl
ijekRek dk gS tks lukru Hkko ls laiw.kZ gSA 'ks"k lc viw.kZ gSA blls eu can ugha jg ldrkA lc
bPNkvks dk fujksèk dj yksxs] ;g >wB gS vkSj vxj bPNkfujksèkLri% dk ,slk gh udkjkRed vFkZ gks rks
og ri >wB gSA
18- lfpo] jktLFkku ikBîiqLrd eaMy dh vksj ls ,d fufonk lwpuk dk çk:i rS;kj dhft, ftleas
QuÊpj ,oa LVs'kujh Ø; djus dk fooj.k gksA 4
vFkok
uxj fuxe t;iqj }kjk deZpkfj;ksa ds ikfjJfed esa c<+ksrjh ds lacaèk esa ,d çsl foKfIr rS;kj
dhft,A
19- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij lkjxfHkZr fucUèk fyf[k,A ¼'kCn lhek 300 'kCn½ 5
¼i½ vusdrk esa ,drk & Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk A
¼ii½ ;qok ih<+h vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo";A
¼iii½ dS'kysl vFkZO;oLFkk ,d pqukSfriw.kZ dneA
¼iv½ e#Hkwfe dk thou èku & ty A
94
30- e‚My ç'u i=&nks
mPp ekè;fed ijh{kk 2024 ¼fuèkkZfjr ikB~;Øekuqlkj½
fo"k;% & fgUnh vfuok;Z
le; & 3%15 ?kaVs iw.kkZad & 80

ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, lkekU; funZs'k
1- ijh{kkFkÊ loZçFke vius ç'u i= ij ukekad vfuok;Zr% fy[ksa A
2- lHkh ç'u djus vfuok;Z gSaA
3- çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj nh xbZ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa gh fy[ksa A
4- ftu ç'uksa esa vkUrfjd [kaM gS] mu lHkh ds mÙkj ,d lkFk fy[ksa A
[k.M ¼v½
1- fuEufyf[kr cgqp;ukRed iz'uksas ds mÙkj viuh mÙkjiqfLrdk esa fyf[k,& 12
¼i ½ dfo mek'kadj tks'kh dk tUe dc gqvk \
¼v½ 1911 bZ- ¼c½ 1905 bZ- ¼l½ 1917 bZ- ¼n½ 1929 bZ-
¼ii½ jkepfjrekul fdl Hkk"kk esa jfpr gS \
¼v½ czt ¼c½ vo/kh ¼l½ [kM+h cksyh ¼n½ dUukS/kh
¼iii½ vk/kqfud fgUnh esa **eqDRk NUn** ds iz.ksrk dkSu gS \
¼v½ lw;ZdkUr f=ikBh *fujkyk* ¼c½ lqfe=kuUnu iar
¼l½ ukxktqZu ¼n½ egknsoh oekZ
¼iv½ *ipZsftax ikoj* D;k gS \
¼v½ foØ; 'kfDr ¼c½ Ø; 'kfDr ¼l½ cktkj ?kweuk ¼n½ cktkj ns[kuk
¼v½ jkf= dh Hkh"k.krk dks dkSu yydkjrk Fkk \
¼v½ jktk ¼c½ eSustj ¼l½ igyoku dh <ksyd ¼n½ dqÙks
¼vi½ *flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh esa ubZ ih<+h dk joS;k dSlk crk;k gS \
¼v½ laosnu'khy ¼c½ valosnu'khy ¼l½ lg;ksxkRed ¼n½ lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ
95
¼vii½ lkSanyxSdj fdl fo"k; ds v/;kid Fks \
¼v½ vaxzsth ds ¼c½ xf.kr ds ¼l½ ejkBh ds ¼n½ laLd`r ds
¼viii½ ubZ osc Hkk"kk esa HTML dh Qqy QkWeZ D;k gS \
¼v½ gkbij VsDLV ekWfMQkbZ ySaXost ¼c½ gk;j VsDLV ekWfMQkbZ ySaXost
¼l½ gkbij VsDLV ekDMZvi ySaXost ¼n½ gsdj VsDLV ehfM+;k ySaXost
¼ix½ Vsyhfotu [kcjksa ds dqy fdrus pj.k gksrs gSa \
¼v½ 5 ¼c½ 6 ¼l½ 7 ¼n½ 8
¼x½ Decode ¼fMdksM+½ 'kCn dk lgh vFkZ gS &
¼v½ ?kks"k.kk i= ¼c½ ekuns; ¼l½ dwVokpu ¼n½ foLrkj

¼xi½ *O;kolkf;d* 'kCn dk vaxzsth feafux gksxk \
¼v½ Warrant ¼c½ Vocational ¼l½ Security ¼n½ Patron
¼xii½ f'kjh"k dgk¡ ls jl [khaprk gS \
¼v½ /kjrh ls ¼c½ ok;qeaMy ls ¼l½ /kwi ls ¼n½ ikrky ls
2- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,& 6
¼i ½ **j?kqifr jk?ko jktk jke** iafDr esa -------------------------------------------- vyadkj gSA
¼ii½ **dkj.k ds vHkko gksus ij Hkh dk;Z lEiUu gks** ogk¡ -------------------------------------------- vyadkj gksrk gSA
¼iii½ Hkk"kk dk {ks=h; :i -------------------------------------------- dgykrk gSA
¼iv½ **jktLFkku ohj gS** esa -------------------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfDr gSA
¼v½ fgUnh dh cksfy;ksa dks -------------------------------------------- Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA
¼vi½ iz;kstu ;k mn~ns'; dh iwfr gsrq -------------------------------------------- 'kCn 'kfDr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
3- fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, & 6
tks vux<+ gS] ftlesa dksbZ vkd`fr ugha] ,sls iRFkjksa ls thou dks vkd`fr çnku djuk] mlesa dykRed
laosnuk txkuk vkSj çk.k&çfr"Bk djuk gh laL—fr gSA oLrqr% laL—fr mu xq.kksa dk leqnk; gS] ftUgsa
vusd çdkj dh f'k{kk }kjk vius ç;Ru ls euq"; çkIr djrk gSA laL—fr dk lacaèk eq[;r% euq"; dh
cqf) ,oa LoHkko vkfn eukso`fr;ksa ls lacafèkr gS vkSj bu fo'ks"krkvksa dk vfuok;Z lacaèk thou ds ewY;kas
ls gksrk gSA ;s fo'ks"krk,¡ ;k rks Lo;a esa ewY;oku gksrh gS vFkok ewY;ksa ds mRiknu dk lkèkuA çk;%
O;fäRo esa fo'ks"krk, lkè; ,oa lkèku nksuksa gh :iksa esa vFkZiw.kZ le>h tkrh gSA laL—fr lkewfgd
96
mYykl dh dykRed vfHkO;fDr gSA laL—fr O;fä dh ugha] lef"V dh vfHkO;fä gSA Mkå laiw.kZUkUn
us dgk gSA laL—fr ml –f"Vdks.k dks dgrs gSaA ftlesa dksbZ leqnk; fo'ks"k thou dh leL;kvksa ij
–f"V fu{ksi djrk gSA la{ksi esa og leqnk; dh psruk cudj çdk'keku gksrh gSA
;gh psruk çk.kksa dh çsj.kk gS vkSj ;gh Hkkouk çse esa çnhIr gks mBrh gSA ;g çse laL—fr dk rstl
rRo gS] tks pkjksa vksj ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA çse og rRo gS] tks laL—fr ds dsUæ esa fLFkr gSA blh çse ls
Jènk mRiUu gksrh gS] leiZ.k tUe ysrk gS vkSj thou Hkh lkFkZd yxrk gSA 6
¼i ½ laL—fr ,d fu"çk.k iRFkj dks fdl çdkj thoar cuk ldrh gS \
¼ii½ laL—fr dk lacaèk euq"; dh eukso`fÙk;ksa ls D;ksa gS\
¼iii½ laL—fr lef"V dh vfHkO;fä D;ksa gS
¼iv½ MkWå laiw.kkZuUn us laL—fr dks fdl çdkj dk –f"Vdks.k dgk gS \
¼v½ laL—fr dk rstl rRo D;k gS \
¼vi½ mi;Zqä x|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A
4- fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<+dj ç'ukssa ds mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A 6
tkfr&èku] fç; uo&;qod lewg
foey ekul ds eatq ejkyA
ns'k ds ije euksje jRu]
yfyr Hkkjr& yyuk ds ykyA
yksd dh yk[kksa vk¡[ksa vkt]
yxh gS rqe yksxksa dh vksj]
Hkjh mueas gS d#.kk Hkwfj]
ykylke; gS yyfdr dksjA
mBks] yks vk¡[ksa viuh [kksy]
foyksdks vofury dk gky]
vukyksfdr esa Hkj vkyksd]
djks deuh; dyafdr HkkyA
Hkjs mj esa tks vfHkuo vkstA
lquk nks og èofur gS lqUnj >udkj]
97
/ofur gks ftlls ekul&;a=]
NsM+ nks ml rU=h ds rkj
jxksa esa fctyh tkosa nkSM
txs Hkkjr&Hkwry dk Hkkx]
çHkkfor èkqu ls gw¡ Hkjiwj]
meax xkvks og jkspd jkxA
¼i ½ tkfr&èku fç; uo;qod fduds fy, dgk x;k gS\
¼ii½ dfo us uo;qodksa dks dSlk jkx xkus ds fy, dgk gS\
¼iii½ **djks deuh; dyafdr Hkky** ls D;k vk'k; gS \
¼iv½ ns'k ds uo;qodks dks D;k çsj.kk nh xbZ gS \
¼v½ dfo us uo;qodksa dks vk¡[ksa [kksyus ds fy, D;kas dgk gS \
¼vi½ mi;Zqä i|ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A
[k.M&c
fuEufyf[kr y?kwrjkRed ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, A
5- mYVk fijkfeM+ 'kSyh dks le>kb, A 2
6- eqvutks&nM+ksa dh lH;rk dks **yks&çksQkby lH;rk** D;ksa dgk tkrk gS \ 2
7- **tw> esa x¡obZ ¼xzkeh.k½ thou ds ;FkkFkZ ls tw>us dk thoar fp=.k gS** bl dFku ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 2
8- esjk xq# dksbZ igyoku ugha ;gha <ksy gS yqêu us ,slk D;ksa dgk gksxk \ le>kb, A 2
9- jl dh iqryh dkSu gS \ mls ;s laKk D;ksa nh xbZ gS \ 2
[k.M&l
iz'u 10 ls 13 ds mÙkj 60 ls 80 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, rFkk 14 ,oa 15 ds mÙkj yxHkx 100 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
10- dfork esa dfo Hkk"kk ds fo"k; ij O;aX; djds D;k fl) djuk pkgrs gSa\ **ckr lhèkh Fkh ij** dfork
ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft, A 3
vFkok
[krjukd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk dgus ds ckn vki nqfu;ka dh pqukSfr;ksa ds lkeus Lo;a dks dSlk
eglwl djrs gSa\ **iarx** dfork ds vkèkkj ij lksnkgj.k Li"V dhft,A
98
11- Hkfäu dk vrhr ifjokj vkSj lekt dh fdu leL;kvksa ls tw>rs gq, chrk gS\ laLej.k ds vkèkkj ij
Li"V dhft,A 3
vFkok
igyoku dh <ksyd dgkuh esa fdl çdkj iqjkuh O;oLFkk vkSj ubZ O;oLFkk ds Vdjko ls mRiUu
leL;k dks O;ä fd;k x;k gS\ le>kb,A
12- **flYoj oSfMax** ih<+h;ksa ds oSpkfjd vUrjky dh dgkuh gSA mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A 3
vFkok
**tw>** dgkuh vkèkqfud ;qod ;qofr;ksa dks fdu thou ewY;ksa dh çsj.kk ns jgh gS\ lksnkgj.k Li"V
dhft,A
13- eqvutks&nM+ksa dh uxj ;kstuk vkt dh lsDVj&ekdkZ d‚yksfu;ks ds uhjl fu;kstu dh vis{kk T;knk
jpukRed gS vrhr esa ncs ikao ikB ds vkèkkj ij Li"V dhft,A 3
vFkok
vkt Hkh lekt esa nÙkk th jko tSls O;fDrRo dh vko';drk gS orZeku ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs
gq, dFku dh iqf"V dhft, A
14- **LoPN Hkkjr LoLFk Hkkjr** fo"k; ij vkys[k fyf[k,A 3
vFkok
**tad QwM+ dh c<rh ?kqliSB** fo"k; ij Qhpj fyf[k,A
15- dq¡oj ukjk;.k vFkok èkeZohj Hkkjrh dk ifjp; fyf[k,A 4
[k.M&n
16- fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k fyf[k,& 6
vaxuk&vax ls fyiVs Hkh]
vkrad vad ij dk¡i jgs gSaA
èkuh] otz&xtZu ls cknyA
=Lr&u;u eq[k <‚i jgs gaSA
th.kZ ckgq gS] 'kh.kZ 'kjhj]
rq>s cqykrk —"kd vèkhj gS
99
,s foIyo ds ohj A
pwl fy;k gS mldk lkj]
gkM+&ek= gh gS vkèkkj]
,sa thou ds ikjkoj A
vFkok
dYiuk ds jlk;uksa dks ih
cht xy x;k fu%'ks"k(
'kCn ds vadqj QqVs
iYNo&iq"iksa ls ufer gqvk fo'ks"k A
>weus yxs Qy
jl vykSfdd]
ve`r èkkjk, QwVrh
jksikbZ {k.k dh]
dVkbZ vuUrrk dh
yqVrs jgus ls tjk Hkh ugha de gksrh A
17- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k fyf[k,A 6

bl naM&foèkku ds Hkhrj dksbZ ,slh èkkjk ugha Fkh] ftlds vuqlkj [kksVs flDdks dh Vdlky&tSlh iRuh
ls ifr dks fojä fd;k tk ldrkA lkjh pqxyh&pckbZ dh ifj.kfÙk] mlds ifr çse dks c<+kdj gh
gksrh FkhA ftBkfu;k¡ ckr ckr ij èkekèke ihVh&dwVh tkrh] ij mlds ifr us mls dHkh maxyh Hkh ugha
NqvkbZA og cM+s cki dh cM+h ckr okyh csVh dks igpkurk FkkA
vFkok
tkfr&çFkk ds iks"kd thou] 'kkjhfjd &lqj{kk rFkk laifÙk ds vfèkdkj dh Lora=rk dks rks Lohdkj dj
ysaxs] ijUrq euq"; ds l{ke ,oa çHkko'kkyh ç;ksx dh Lora=rk nsus ds fy, tYnh rS;kj ugha gksaxs] ijUrq
D;ksafd bl çdkj fd Lora=rk dk vFkZ gksxk viuk O;olk; pquus dh Lora=rk fdlh ds ikl ugha gS]
rks mldk mls nklrk esa tdM+dj j[kuk gksxk] D;ksa fd nklrk dsoy dkuwuh ijkèkhurk dks gh ugha
dgk tk ldrk A
100
18- eq[; lfpo] jktLFkku ljdkj 'kklu lfpoky; dh vksj ls lHkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa ds vkns'k jktHkk"kk
fgUnh esa çdkf'kr djus ls lEcfUèkr vfèklwpuk rS;kj dhft,A 4
vFkok
ftyk dysDVj ikyh dh vksj jftLVªkj jln foHkkx t;iqj dks ljdkjh jk'ku dh nqdkuksa ij gksus
okyh vfu;ferkvksa ds lacaèk esa mfpr dk;Zokgh dk vkxzg djrs gq, ,d v)Zljdkjh i= fyf[k,A
19- fuEukfyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij lkjxfHkZr fucU/k fyf[k,A ¼'kCn lhek&300 'kCn½ 5
¼i ½ jktLFkku esa i;ZVu
¼ii½ orZeku esa dEi;qVj f'k{kk dh vfuok;Zrk
¼iii½ ;ksx LokLFk dh daqth
¼iv½ fMftVy bafM;k
101

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सरं क्षक

ीमान मदन िदलावर

अिवचल चतुवेर्दी (आईएएस)

ी आशीष मोदी (आईएएस)

डॉ. अिनल कुमार पालीवाल

संयोजक एवं मागर्दशर्क

ीमती उिमर्ला चौधरी

nh?kZ mÙkjkRed iz’u&

1- Þiraxß dfork dk ewy Hkko LIk"V dhft,A

1- dfo vkyksd /kUok dk ifjp; fyf[k,A

1- Þdfork ds cgkusß dfork es dfo dks fdl ckr dk lUnsg gS\

nh?kZ mÙkjkRed iz’u&

1- Þdfork ds cgkusß ds vkèkkj ij dfork ds vlhfer vfLrRo dks Li"V dhft,\

1- dfo da¡qoj ukjk;.k dk thou ifjp; fyf[k,A

1- Þckr lh/kh Fkh ijß dfork ds jpf;rk dkSu gS\

1- Hkksj ds le; vkdk’k dk jax dSlk gS\

1- ckny jkx dfork ds jpukdkj dkSu gS\

fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dh lçlax O;k[;k dhft,A

eSa Lusg&lqjk dk iku fd;k djrk gw¡]

vxj os dHkh fxjrs gSa Nrkas ds [krjukd fdukjksa ls

lkjh efq'dy dks èkS;Z ls le>s fcuk

dfork ,d f[kyuk gS Qwykas ds cgkus

fQj ge ijns ij fn[kyk,axs

cgqr dkyhfly tjk ls yky dslj ls

vaxuk&vax ls fyiVs Hkh

[ksrh u fdlku dks] fHk[kkjh dks u Hkh[k] cfy]

;g o`rkar nlkuu lqusmA vfr fc"kkn iqfu iqfu flj èkqusÅAA

dYiuk ds jlk;uks dks ih cht xy x;k

Hkkjr% fMftVyhdj.k dh vksj

2 csVh cpkvks% csVh i<+kvks

dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k% egkiki

3- dksjksuk ok;jl egkekjh ds lkekftd vkfFkZd çHkko

4- dS'kysl vFkZO;oLFkk pqukSfriw.kZ% ldkjkRed dne

5- Hkkjrh; laL—fr dk vuqie migkj% ;ksx

;ksx LokLF; dh dqath

6- jk"Vªh; ,drk dh lqj{kk & gekjk drZO;

jk"Vª ds çfr gekjs nkf;Ro

7- u;s Hkkjr dh vk'kk% ;qokoxZ

;qok ih<+h vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo";

8- tula[;k o`f)% ?kVrh le`f)

e#Hkwfe dk thou èku&ty

10- ekuo lH;rk dk ladV& vkradokn

vkradokn ,d% oS'ohd leL;k

11- vusdrk esa ,drk %& Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krk

12- lekt ds uofuekZ.k esa lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk

13- lekt esa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk

14- efgyk l'kähdj.k vkSj f'k{kk

15- i;kZoj.k laj{k.k% çnq"k.k fu;a=.k

16- eg¡xkbZ dh ekj % thou csgky

17- ?kVrs jkstxkj % c<+rh csjkstxkjh

18- orZeku eas dEI;qVj f'k{kk dh vfuok;Zrk

19- dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k % ekuo lekt ij dyad

20- jktLFkku esa i;ZVu

21- bDdhloha lnha vkSj fodflr Hkkjr

1- Hkk"kk ds {ks=h; :i dks D;k dgrs gSa \

fuEufyf[kr fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dh fdft,

fjäLFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,

fuEufyf[kr fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, A

15- Constitution &lafoèkku 16- context &çlax] lUnHkZ

le; & 3%15 ?kaVs iw.kkZad & 80

¼i ½ thou esa vkus okyh fo?u&ck/kkvks ls u ?kcjkus dk D;k ifj.kke gksrk gS \

17- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k fyf[k, & 6

le; & 3%15 ?kaVs iw.kkZad & 80