Lellanveieve Balonio

GE-3

These Examples highlight instance where the Philippines has either incorporated or
transformed international legal principles, showcasting the dual approaches taken to align
domestic laws with Global Standards.

Doctrine of Incorporation:

1. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC): The Philippines
incorporated principles of UNCRC u=into domestic law through the passage of the
“Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act” (RA
7610)
2. Montreal Protocol on Substances the Deplete the Ozone Layer : The Philippines
Adopted regulations restricting ozone-depleting substances in alignment with the
Montreal Protocol.
3. International Health Regulations (IHR): In response to global health concerns, the
Philippines incorporated IHR principles into national health laws to enhance
preparedness and response to international health threats.

Doctrine of Transformation:

1. Rome Statue of the International Criminal Court : The creation of the “Philippines Act
on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and other Crimes Against
Humanity” (RA 9851) transformed international criminal law principles into Philippines
legislation.
2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) : The Philippines
transformed international climate change act of 2009 integrating strategies to address
climate-related issues at the national level.
3. Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) : The Philippines transformed
international standards on cybersecurity by adopting the Cybercrime Prevention Act,
aligning domestic laws with the Budapest Convention’s Principles.