Motion Based Message Conveyer For

Paralytic/Disabled People
Professor. MANOJ AGARWAL1, SUBHASHCHANDRA KUMBHAR2, NIKHIL GHORPADE3
AVINASH PUJARI4

1PG Professor, Department of ECE, Alamuri Ratnamala College Of Engineering & Technology, Thane, Maharashtra
2UG Student, Department of ECE, Alamuri Ratnamala College Of Engineering & Technology, Thane, Maharashtra
3UG Student, Department of ECE, Alamuri Ratnamala College Of Engineering & Technology, Thane, Maharashtra
4UG Student, Department of ECE, Alamuri Ratnamala College Of Engineering & Technology, Thane, Maharashtra

Embedded systems have a microprocessor/ microcontroller and a

memory. Some have a serial port or a network connection. They
Abstract: We come across hospitals and NGO’s serving disabled usually do not have keyboards, screens or disk drives.
people. Now these people are not capable of full body movement as
compared to a normal person. In such a situation we propose a
II. B LOCK DIAGRAM AND MODUL ES DESCRIPTION
system that helps disabled person display a message by just simple
motion of any part of his body. Our proposed system works by
reading the tilt direction of the user part. This device needs to be
mounted on user finger of hand. The user now just needs to tilt the
device in a particular angle to convey a message. Tilting the device
in different directions conveys a different message.

Here we use accelerometer in order to measure the statistics of

motion. It then passes on this data to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller processes the data and displays the particular
message as per input obtained. The microcontroller now displays
the associated message on the LCD screen. It also sounds a buzzer
along with message as soon as it receives motion signal from the
accelerometer. The patient motion recorder device consists of an
RF transmitter in order to transfer the data signal. An RF receiver
on the other side receives the data and then decodes it before Fig.1. Block Diagram
passing it to the microcontroller for processing the input and
responding to it. A. Modules and Description
1. ACCELEROMETER.
Keywords: Accelerometer,Microcontroller,RF Transmitter,RF
Reciever,Display.
I. INTRODUCTION

An embedded system is any computer system hidden inside a product

other than a computer. They will encounter a number of difficulties
when writing embedded system software in addition to those we
encounter when we write applications. Throughput – Our system
may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time. Response–
Our system may need to react to events quickly.Testability–Setting
up equipment to test embedded software can be
difficult.Debugability–Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out
what the software is doing wrong (other than not working) is a
troublesome problem.Reliability – embedded systems must be able to
handle any situation without human intervention.Memory space – The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis
Memory is limited on embedded systems, and you must make the accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product
software and the data fit into whatever memory exists.Program measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of ±3 g. It can
installation – you will need special tools to get your software into measure the static acceleration of gravity in tiltsensing applications, as
embedded systems.Here we use accelerometer in order to measure well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or
the statistics of motion. It then passes on this data to the vibration.The user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using
microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the data and displays the CX, CY, and CZcapacitors at the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins.
the particular message as per input obtained. The microcontroller Bandwidths can be selected to suit the application, with a range of 0.5
now displays the associated message on the LCD screen. It also Hz to 1600 Hz for X and Y axes, and a range of 0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for
sounds a buzzer along with message as soon as it receives motion the Z axis.The ADXL335 is available in a small, low profile, 4 mm ×
signal from the accelerometer. The patient motion recorder device 4 mm × 1.45 mm, 16-lead, plastic lead frame chip scale package
consists of an RF transmitter in order to transfer the data signal. (LFCSP_LQ).

2. ATMEGA328 Microc ontr oller
Features include:
• High Performance, Low Power Design
• 8-Bit Microcontroller Atmel® AVR® advanced RISC
architecture
o 131 Instructions most of which are executed
in a single clock cycle
o Up to 20 MIPS throughput at 20 MHz
o 32 x 8 working registers
o 2 cycle multiplier
• Memory Includes
o 32KB of of programmable FLASH
o 1KB of EEPROM
o 2KB SRAM
o 10,000 Write and Erase Cycles for Flash and
100,000 for EEPROM
o Data retention for 20 years at 85°C and 100
years at 25°C
o Optional boot loader with lock bits
▪ In System Programming (ISP) by via
boot loader
▪ True Read-While-Write operation
o Programming lock available for software
security
• Features Include
o 2 x 8-bit Timers/Counters each with
independent prescaler and compare modes
o A single 16-bit Timer/Counter with an
idependent prescaler, compare and capture
modes
o Real time counter with independent
oscillator
o 10 bit, 6 channel analog to digital Converter
o 6 pulse width modulation channels
o Internal temperature sensor
o Serial USART (Programmable)
o Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface - (Philips
I2C compatible)
o Programmable watchdog timer with
independent internal oscillator
o Internal analog comparator
o Interrupt and wake up on pin change
• Additional Features Features
o Internal calibrated oscillator
o Power on reset and programmable brown out
detection
o External and internal interrupts
o 6 sleep modes including idle, ADC noise
reduction, power save, power down, standby,
and extended standby
• I/O and Package
o 23 programmable I/O lines
o 28 pin PDIP package
• Operating voltage:
o 1.8 - 5.5V
• Operating temperature range:
o 40°C to 85°C
• Speed Grades:
o 0-4 MHz at 1.8-5.5V
o 0-10 MHz at 2.7-5.5V
o 0-20 MHz at 4.5-5.5V
• Low power consumption mode at 1.8V, 1 MHz and
25°C:
o Active Mode: 0.3 mA
o Power-down Mode: 0.1 μA
o Power-save Mode: 0.8 μA (Including 32 kHz
RTC)
3. RF Transmitter.
This wireless data is the easiest to
use, lowest cost RF link we have
ever seen! Use these components
to transmit position data,
temperature data, and even
current program register values
wirelessly to the receiver. These
modules have up to 500 ft
range in open space. The
transmitter operates from 2-12V.
The higher the Voltage, the
greater the range . We have used these modules extensively and
have been very impressed with their ease of use and direct
interface to an MCU. The theory of operation is very simple. What
the transmitter 'sees' on its data pin is what the receiver outputs on
its data pin. If you can configure the UART module on a uC, you
have an instant wireless data connection. The typical range is 500ft
for open area.This is an ASK transmitter module with an output of
up to 8mW depending on power supply voltage. The transmitter is
based on SAW resonator and accepts digital inputs, can operate
from 2 to 12 Volts-DC, and makes building RF enabled products
very easy.
4. RF Reciever.
to
This receiver type is good for data rates up to 4800bps and will
only work with the 434MHz o 315 MHz transmitter. Multiple
434MHz or 315MHz receivers can listen to one 434MHz
transmitter or 315 MHz transmitter. This wireless data is the easiest
to use, lowest cost RF link we have ever seen! Use these
components to transmit position data, temperature data, and even
current program register values wirelessly to the receiver. These
modules have up to 500 ft range in open space. The receiver is
operated at 5V. We have used these modules extensively and have
been very impressed with their ease of use and direct interface to an
MCU. The theory of operation is very simple. What the transmitter
'sees' on its data pin is what the receiver outputs on its data pin. If
you can configure the UART module on a uC, you have an instant
wireless data connection. Data rates are limited to 4800bps. The
typical range is 500ft for open area. This receiver has a sensitivity
of 3uV. It operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC and has digital output.
The typical sensitivity is -103dbm and the typical current
consumption is 3.5mA for 5V operation voltage.
operating temperature range. Changing the display size or the
layout size is relat ively simp le which makes the LCD‟s
more customer friendly. The LCD s used exc lusively in
watches, calculators and measuring instruments is the simple
seven -segment displays, having a limited amount of numeric
data. The recent advances in technology have resulted in better
legibility, mo re informat ion displaying capability and a wider
temperature range. These have resulted in the LCD s being
extensively used in teleco mmunications and entertainment
electronics. The LCD s has even started replacing the cathode
ray tubes (CRTs) usedfor the display of text and graphics, and
also in small TV applications.
6. Transformer.

5. Li qui d Crystal Dis play (LCD)

Transformers convert AC
electricity from one voltage to another with a little loss of
power. Step-up transformers increase voltage, step-down
transformers reduce voltage. Most power supplies use a step-
Fig.4. Li qui d Crystal Dis play down transformer to reduce the dangerously high voltage to a
safer low voltage. The input coil is called the primary and the
Liquid crystal displays (LCD s) have materia ls which output coil is called the secondary. There is no electrical
combine the properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather connection between the two coils; instead they are linked by an
than having a me lting point, they have a temperature range alternating magnetic field created in the soft-iron core of the
within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they transformer. The two lines in the middle of the circuit symbol
would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered represent the core. Transformers waste very little power so the
form similar to a crystal. An LCD consists of two glass power out is (almost) equal to the power in. Note that as voltage
panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched in is stepped down and current is stepped up.
between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the
with transparent electrodes which define the character, turn’s ratio, determines the ratio of the voltages. A step-down
symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are transformer has a large number of turns on its primary (input)
present in between the electrodes and the liquid c rystal, wh coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a
ich makes the liquid crystal molecu les to ma intain a defined small number of turns on its secondary (output) coil to give a
orientation angle. One each polarize ris pasted outside the two low output voltage.
glass panels. These polarizers would rotate the light rays
passing through them to a definite an gle, in a particular d
irection. When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are
rotated by the two polarizers and the liquid crystal, such that
the light rays come out of the LCD without any orientation,
and hence the LCD appears transparent. When sufficient
voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal mo
lecules would be a ligned in a specific direct ion. The light
rays passing through the LCD would be rotated by the
polarizers, which would result in activating / highlighting the
desired characters. The LCD‟s are lightwe ight with only a
few millimete rs thickness. Since the LCD‟s consume less
power, they are compatible with low power e lectronic
circuits, and can be powered for long durations.

The LCD s won‟t generate light and so light is needed

to read the display. By using backlighting, reading is possible in
the dark. The LCD‟s have long life and a wide
 9. Result.

7. Transmitter Circuit.

Simulation of the project is done in the Arduino Software. The

figure below shows the output in a serial monitor of the
According to the proposed methodology, the following block
software. It shows the Real Time Clock (RTC) implementation
diagrams were proposed to meet the requirements of the system.
and the received signals from the patients. Medicine Reminder is
The heart of the transmitter unit is the accelerometer. This can be
in synchronization with the RTC. Along with that we can see the
a two axis or a three axis static accelerometer connected to the
different messages sent by the two patients. Our project result
analog inputs of the controller. It is interfaced with the controller
shows successful transmission of 4 messages from each patient.
to sense the acceleration. The controller is the second stage of
This window will be present at the receiver side that is at the
the transmitter. The controller processes the data from the
nurse side. When no signal is transmitted only real time clock
accelerometer and if the conditions are satisfied it sends the data
will be displayed on the screen. As soon as a message due to the
to the next stage that is the transmitter. We have proposed and
motion of accelerometer is received it will be displayed on the
implemented an RF transmitter for its simplicity.Another input
screen. Identification of the message from different patients is
to the controller is from push button which is used for
made easy as patient number is sent along with the message.
emergency.
Medicine reminder program will display its output at a
predefined stored time.
8. Reciever Circuit.

The receiver side includes the RF receiver which receives the

messages and sends to the controller. the message is to be
displayed on the LCD. For this the LCD is interfaced to the
controller. Another function of the controller is to access the real
time and set alarms for patients with the medicine name. This
can be done in two ways: one way is to use a real time module
and the second way is to do it using programming.
10. Conclusion.

This device has made conveyance of message possible only by the

motion of a body part. The ease of message conveyance is the main
advantage of this system along with the real time user defined
medicine alarm. By implementing this system a simple device for
paralyzed or disabled people can be achieved without the use of
complex form of inputs. The prototype we have made is fully
functional but restricted to a small area of operation. For a large area
and transmission distance the type of communication used have to be
more effective and faster. Our system successfully proves that this
system is an excellent approach to be implemented at hospitals for
patient-nurse communication. The project can be further developed
into an automatic wheel chair wherein the wheelchair will be moved
just by hand gesture. Also, along with only message transmission
other data like body temperature, pulse rate etc. can also be
transmitted to the nurse so that a real time record of all the patients is
maintained.

11. Reference.
1. Shreedeep Gangopadhyay; Somsubhra Mukherjee; Soumya
Chatterjee, Intelligent gesture controlled wireless wheelchair for
the physically handicapped, Proceedings of Fifth IRAJ
International Conference, 15th September 2013, Pune, India
2. https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_Time.html
3. Ronald Arroyo, B .E .E .E. Clinical Engineer, control and
communication devices for the severely disabled, Bioengineering
Research Service Veterans Administration Prosthetics Centre 252
Seventh Avenue New York, New York 10001
4. http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/DateTime
5. YVONNE MAY NOLAN B.E., control and communication for
physically disabled people, based on vestigial signals from the
body
6. D. Vishnu Vardhan1 , P. Penchala Prasad, Hand Gesture
Recognition Application for Physically Disabled People,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 3
Issue 8, August 2014
7. http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-and-why-to-add-a-real-
time-clock-to-arduino/

TEXT BOOKS REFERED.

ATMEGA 328 Data Sheets.

Websites.
• www.atmel.com
• www.beyondlogic.org
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.howstuffworks.com
• www.alldatasheets.com