EXCEL FORMULAS AND

FUNCTIONS: INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS

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VLOOKUP function and its
limitations
Only looks from left to right in the table

array. Requires the lookup value to be in

the leftmost column of the table array.

Limited to exact match or approximate

match (if sorted).

Not suitable for complex matching or

multiple criteria lookup.

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array,
col_index_num, [range_lookup])
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IF Function and Nested IF

Use the IF function for simple

conditional logic where you have two

outcomes.

Use Nested IF when you have multiple

conditions to evaluate.

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 Precedence Order for
Operators

Parentheses ()

Exponents ^

Multiplication * and Division /

Addition + and Subtraction -

Concatenation &

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SUM and SUMIF Functions

SUM: Adds all the numbers in a range of

cells.

SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a

given condition or criteria.

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Function to Retrieve Present
Date

The function TODAY() retrieves

the current date.

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COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTIF and
COUNTIFS
COUNT: Counts the number of cells that

contain numbers.

COUNTA: Counts the number of cells that

are not empty.

COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells that

meet a single condition.

COUNTIFS: Counts the number of cells

that meet multiple conditions.

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 Average, Median,
Mode,Correlation Coefficient

Average: Use the AVERAGE function.

Median: Use the MEDIAN function.

Mode: Use the MODE.SNGL or

MODE.MULT function

Correlation: Use the CORREL function.

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 INDEX and MATCH vs.
VLOOKUP

INDEX and MATCH is more flexible than

VLOOKUP, as it allows lookup from left

to right, and it can handle multiple

criteria.

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Difference between IF and
SWITCH Functions
IF: Evaluates a condition and returns one value

if the condition is TRUE and another value if

the condition is FALSE.

SWITCH: Compares an expression against a list

of values and returns a result corresponding

to the first matching value.

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 Difference between
SUBSTITUTE and REPLACE
SUBSTITUTE: Replaces occurrences of a

specified substring within a string with

another substring.

REPLACE: Replaces part of a text string

with a different text string.

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