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CERVICAL
• Foraminal Compression Test
• Shoulder Depression Test
• Shoulder Abduction Test
• Distraction Test
• Lhermitte’s Sign
• Jackson’s Test
• Scalene Cramp Test
• Valsalva Test
• Tinel’s Sign
• Brachial Plexus Compression Test
• Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT)
• Romberg’s Test
• Vertebral Artery Test
• Naffziger’s Test
• Caloric Test
• Sharp Purser Test
Foraminal Compression Test
Px: Sitting
(+) sign: pain radiates to arm toward which head is side flexed
Significance: Cervical Nerve Root Compression
Procedure:
First Phase: compress with head in neutral position
Second Phase: compress with head extended
Third Phase: compression with head extended and rotated to
unaffected side.
Px: stands forward flexed 45⁰ at the waist with arms pointing to
the floor.
(+) sign: sulcus sign
Significance: Multidirectional Instability
Procedure: hand on the px’s shoulder index and middle finger
(anterior) thumb (posterior)
Anterior: Shoulder extended 20⁰-30⁰, then push anteriorly
Posterior: Shoulder flexed 20⁰-30⁰, then push posteriorly
Inferior: Shoulder flexed 20⁰-30⁰, then push posteriorly and
apply traction
Clunk Test
Px: supine
(+) sign: clunk / grinding sound
Significance: Tear of the Labrum (Bankart)
Procedure:
One hand on posterior aspect of shoulder, one hand
holds the humerus above elbow. Fully abduct arm
over the px’s head. Push anteriorly with the hand
over the humeral head (place a fist under the GH
joint) . Other hand rotates the humerus into lateral
rotation.
Biceps Tension Test
Px: standing; shoulder abducted 90⁰, elbow extended;
forearm supinated
(+) sign: reproduction of symptoms
Significance: SLAP lesion
Procedure:
apply eccentric adduction force
Biceps Load Test
Px: supine; shoulder abducted 90⁰ and external rotate;
elbow flexed 90⁰; forearm supinated
(+) sign: Apprehension does not disappear
Significance: integrity of superior labrum
Procedure:
Fully externally rotate shoulder until apprehension,
stop external rotation and hold the position. Then
patient resist elbow flexion at the wrist.
SLAP Prehension Test
Px: sitting
(+) sign:
first = painful
second = relief of pain
Significance: SLAP Lesion
Procedure:
Patient actively abducts shoulder 90⁰; Forearm pronated
then horizontally adducts.
Then abducts shoulder 90⁰; Forearm supinated,
horizontally adducted
Lateral Scapular Slide Test
Px: sitting / standing with arms at the side
(+) sign: >1-1.5cm difference from the original measure
Significance: Scapular Instability
Procedure:
Measure distance from spine to scapula to T2/T3,
inferior angle to T7-T9 or superior angle to T2
*up to 12wks–6mos.
Barlow’s Test
Px: Supine
(+) sign: feels clunk, clink or jerk
Significance: Congenital Hip Dislocation
Procedure:
Grasp the thigh and leg with the thumb on the medial
knee and the fingers alongside the thigh and hip. Flex
the hip to 90⁰, then abduct then adduct while pushing
downward
*up to 12wks–6mos.
Galeazzi Sign
Px: Supine
(+) sign: One knee is Higher
Significance: Unilateral Congenital Hip Dislocation
Procedure:
Hip and knee is flexed to 90⁰ with feet flat on the table
Px: Supine
(+) sign: (-) appear/disappearing meniscus
Significance: Torn meniscus
Procedure:
Flex hip and knee to 90⁰ then medially and laterally
rotate the tibia.
Medial Rotation: Appearing
Lateral Rotation: Disappearing
Payr’s Test
Px: Supine
(+) sign: pain on the medial jt. line
Significance: Medial/posterior aspect of meniscus
lesion
Procedure:
Position test leg in figure-4 position
Bohler’s Sign
Px: Supine
(+) sign: pain
Significance: Meniscus Pathology
Procedure:
Apply valgus/varus stress on the knee
Bragard’s Sign
Px: Supine
(+) sign: increase/decrease pain upon doing the
procedure
Significance: Meniscus Pathology
Procedure:
Place the px’s knee in flexion. Then laterally rotate
the tibia and extend the knee = pain and tenderness.
Medially rotate the tibia and flex the knee =
decrease pain.
Childress Sign
Px: Standing
(+) sign: Pain, clicking, snapping
Significance: Posterior lesion of meniscus
Procedure:
Instruct px to squat and do the “duck waddle”
Cabot’s Popliteal Sign
Px: Supine; Figure-4 position
(+) sign: Pain
Significance: Meniscus Pathology
Procedure:
Ask the px to isometrically straighten the knee while
applying resistance.
Mediopatellar Plica Test
Px: Supine
(+) sign: Pain
Significance: Pinching of the edge of the plica b/n the
medial femoral condyle and the patella
Procedure:
Flex the knee 30⁰ then push the patella medially
with the thumb