Lecture 70 : GS Mains-ML1/P1: Urbanization-Problems, Remedies, SDG Goals,

Industrial Location

1- Mains Question:

Key points to include in answer:

a- Define terms in simple words

b- Why urbanization is good?

c- Urbanisation itself becomes a industrial location factor

d- 3 macro reforms in Urban- Infrastructure

RoK => Republic of korea, south korea has

followed this approach

e- Policymakers have embraced urbanization

f- Sustainable GOAL-11, also has urbanisation related growth

 g- Unopposed urbanization means prosperity

But it cannot be unopposed due to certain reasons:

Problem:1

Solution

problem 2:

Solution
1-vertical expansion:

2-Town Pooling scheme(TPS)

problem 3:

problem 4:

problem 5:

problem 6:

Eg of Granular street

multimodel transport

National Smart mobility card

 problem 7:

problem 8:

h- World bank report on south Asia => Indian urbanization is Messy, reasons given below:

1-

2-

3-
 4-

5- With urbanisation, mfg. industries shift on peripheral towns

outside megacities

-- Answer to the mains question asked

--Mains question 2 - on urbanization

Lecture 71 : GS Mains-ML1/P2: Urban Governance: new updates on Smart City,
Amrut, Rurban

-- Mains Question

--- Key points related to urban governance

a-

1- Deficit - Empowerment

2- Deficit - Resources

solution

Note: The Sixteenth Finance Commission was

constituted on 31.12.2023 with Shri Arvind
Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman,
NITI Aayog as its Chairman.
 3- Deficit - Accountability

--- Answer to the mains question

--conclusion

--Summary on urbanization
Note: Rurban & smart city related content has been added to previous pages(L-53 & L-56)

1- Question asked

2- Solution

a-

b-

c-

d-
Lecture 72: GS Mains-ML1/P3: Poverty-Meaning, Estimation methods, SECC-2011
for GS2 issues

1- Lecture's overview

2-Question

3- Key points for solution

a- Poverty - definition

b- India & millenium developement goals(MDG)

c- Sustainable development goals

1-
2-

3- SD Goal 10

4-
d- Poverty estimation methods Note: Update the stat using budget survey 2024

1-

2-

3- Socio economic & caste census(SECC-2011)

Also conducted by individual states as well

a-

b- Basics

c-
d-

so, Not a poverty line but the quantum of deprivation

e- Leveraging e-governance
NPR: National population register

f-Public participation to update SECC list, mainly gram sabha

g- SECC Potential application

h- SECC Criticism
Some SECC research data to understand the real scenario
1-Rural households income

2-Rural households ownership

3- Education - Rural houshold

-- Mains Question
-- Answer

1-

2- Conclusion
Lecture 73: ML2/P1: GS Mains Paper2- Govt Policy: Issues in design &
implementation
1-Overview

2- Mains Question

2- -- Key points to include in the answer

a-

b-
c- Poverty is a cognitive tax

d- Limited material resource => limited willingness to act

Note: Gandhiji said- When you do something, think of how it is going to affect the bottom strata.

-Match policy with bandwidth or move policy

Indira gandhi matritrva sahyog yojana for wage loss

during pregnancy
e-Simplified procedure

f- cognitive tax - fear of unknown

g- social tax

h- Implications of social tax

i- Social network benefits to rurals

-- Summary of discussion so far

-- Mindset diff between rich & poor

1- problem

-- Solution which policy maker can adopt

1- Policy maker-- DogFooding

Eg of officers themselves using

the facility first before passing it to
poors.
 -- Summary so far

Till now we have seen, the reason of less participation & enthusiasm from people's end, now will see the reason
of lower yield despite putting lots of funds in welfare schemes

1- Lots of funds getting utilised in subsidies

2- Subsidies distort market

 3- Avoiding multiple schemes leading to duplication

b-
a-

-- Self study
1- Read about NITI aayog

-- Answer frame to the question Asked

1-
 2-

-- conclusion of answer

-- 2013-Mains question
Lecture 74 : ML2/P2: GS Mains Paper 2|3: Hunger,Food security, food processing
& SDG

1- mains question

2- Key points to include in answer

a-

b-

c- Sustainable development GOAL-2

d-

e- UN-FAO Global Hunger report- 2015

Update this data with latest data

f- Hidden hunger

g- NFSA-2013
 h-criticism

2- SDG-Goal 12

a-

b-
3- SDG-Goal-9

a-

b-

c- To improve production yield, we can follow following approaches:

--- GS Mains 2013

3- Food inflation / food processing

a- Dal (pulses)

b- some keywords

c- Food processing industry -- Significance

d- Food processing - strength & opportunity

e- Food processing - weakness

f- Food processing industries - Threats

4- Supply chain management

Issues: APMC law - can't sell directly , uniform product - contract farming , landreforms
a- Types of integrations

b- Govt. scheme for vertical integration: Mega food Park

5- Food safety
a- FSSAI- functions & challenges
-- Mains Question

-- Answer
a- b-

c- Conclusion
Lecture 75 : ML2/P3: GS Mains Paper2: Social Sector-Public Health-IMR,MMR;
New policy,AYUSH
1- Topic coverage

2- SDG- Goal-3 : Good health & well-being

a-

b-
c-

d-

e-Maternal Mortality ratio

latest data

- Schemes - welfare of pragnent women

1- IG-Matritva sahyog: Ministry of women & child develop

-ment

1-
2-
Acc. to latest data, 'Jananai shishu suraksha
karyakram' & 'Janani surakshit yojana'
modified to : 'Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan'
(SUMAN) & Pradhan mantri surakshit
Matritva Anhiyan (PMSMA)
Both schemes under National Health mission

3-

4- Intensifid mission Indradhanush 3.0 - Vaccination

a- Launched in feb 2021 - extending routine immunisation to pragnant women & children
b- Scheme comes under - Ministery of health & family welfare, also supported by other ministry
- information & Broadcasting , Panchayati raj, women & child development & housing &
urban affairs.

5- Dengue
some latest updates:
1- Dengue virus - Genus Flavivirus, transmitted by female mos.
within genus Aedes - they also transmits chikungunya & zika
2- Dengue vaccine : India's developed - DNA Vaccine
Another is 'Dengavaxia'(CYD-TDV) developed by US
-- Health policy by Govt.

Latest update can be checked on

1-
1- https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/national-health-policy

Pluralism- means promoting alternate medicines along with allopa

--Crtticism of health policy

-- About alternate medicine systems

1- YOGA

b- Recognition

c- History of Yoga
d-School of Yoga
e-Yoga Sadhana
 -- Yoga & Ayurveda

2- Ayurveda

3- Unani

4- Siddha
-- Benefits

5- Naturopathy - Drugless treatment

6- Homeopathy
-- Significance of AYU-Nash system
(Image blur, brtter write by youself

-- NAM Mission

-- Limitations of AYUSH
 -- Mains question

--Try by yourself

--mains question

-- Keypoints to include in answer

1- Para-1 and Para-2

Lecture 76: ML3/P1: (Mains GS2-Revision) Education: Govt. Interventions, ASER
Report, SDG
1- SDG-Goal-4: Quality Education

2- current scenario & remedies to tackle them

3-Census data to validate improvement

a- Literacy

Improved

4- Education-whats the problem?

--ASER Report 2024

5- Analysing some valid reasons of poor education quality in the country

a- Right to education - problem

b- RTE-Criticism
-Mains question (2013)

6- Schemes by Govt. to promote children interest in learning

a- Padhe Bharat, badhe bharat scheme

b-Mid day meal (MDM)

-- Question asked in mains

c- Sarva siksha Abhiyaan (SSA)
It provides soft & hard infrastructures to support RTE Act 2009.

d- other schemes
- Mains question to practice

-- Key points to include in answer

Lecture 77: ML4/P1: (GS2) E-Governance-5 Models, Evolution; GIS, MIS in Disaster
management
1- E-Governance

a-

ICT: information communication technology

b-

c- 5 models of E-Governance

1- Broadcasting
 Pros & cons of Broadcasting

2-Critical Flow

3- Comparative analysis
 4- E-Advocacy Lobbying

5- Interactive services

d- Evolution stages of E-Governance

1-
 2-

e- E-Governance -- Tool Component

f- E-Governance-- Applications / Potential

-- Question:

-Answer 1-

2-

3-

4-

5- E-Office: Leave Management

6-
 7- 9-

8-

b- Planning GIS-MIS

1-Define GIS

2- MIS- Management Information System

3-
 Earthquake management & Flood management
4-

Lecture 78: ML4/P2: (GS3) E-Technology in Aid of Farmers & Extension services-
E-Dhara, mKisan

1- E-Tech in aid of farmers - GS3-Mains question

2- Extension services

a-
b-

c-

d- E-Krishi kiran (Dept. Agi & coop, Gujarat)

e- Soil Health card & its use

f- mKisan
 1- m-Kissan- USSD

2- m-kissan - selling 3- m-kisaan - Magzine

g- E-Mausam Krishi Sewa

h- mKissan - hallstrom
 i- Some other ICT Projects forAgriculture by public org.

j- Private sector : Mobile crop insaurance(Africa)

k- E-technology for farmers by private sector

Kisan Raja - GSM controller, for automation in farming

l- E-Dhara (Gujarat Revenue Department)

1- Record of rights: RoR
 2-

3-

m- E-gov not completely stopping corruption, Why?

--check mrunal.org/ETHICS
 -- Mains answer for question asked in the beginning

-- ICT inputs in rural development

a- E-Gram (Gujarat)

b- E-Gram civic service centre (CSC)

 c- Other information present

--Question

--ICT inputs in urban development

a- E-city
b-E-City benefits

c- d-

e- Smart city Manager

f-Smart city automation
eg: Dublin, ireland- using smart manager

eg-2London smart city dashboard

Lecture 79: ML4/P3: (GS2) E-Governance Applications in GST, Education,
Economy,Health & Police
--question

1- How can ICT help in improving education and skill training ?

a-

b-How ISRO Satellite helps?

c- E-Basta - E-Book Platforms

d- PM Vidhya Laxmi Portal e- National Apprentice Training scheme

f- Digital Locker
-- Role of ICT in economics

1-Question

2-What is GST?

3- Company to regulate GST

--Task
2-Tax Administration
1-
 -- Answer to question

1-

2-

3-

-- E-commerce

1-

2-Benefits of E-Commerce
 3-

-- Public health

1-NEHA 2-NPPA 3-IAP Healthphone

--Question
-- Policing Law and order

1-Khoya-paya

2- Judicial Datagrid 3- CCTNS

--E-Governance so far --Summary

Lecture 80: ML4/P4: (GS2) E-governance: Potential, Benefits, Limitations, Digital
India Mission
1- E-Governance potential benefits
a- Beauracary & administration

b- Society

c- Economy

d- Environment
 -- Overall

2- E-Governance challenges

a- Connectivity Digital divide

b- Capital

c- Content Development

d- Utility Awareness
 e- Cyber Laws

f- Complaints & Feedback

g- official mindset
1- How to change official Mindset for GS4 ?

--CONCLUSION
-- Question --Answer

a-

b-
Lecture 81: ML5/P1: (GS2) Role of NGO, Pressure Groups & Civil services in
Democracy for UPSC
1- Role of civil services in democracy
a-

b-

c-

d-
2- Role of NGO

a- Define

b- Evolution of NGOs

1-

2-

2-

c- Classification og NGOs
d- Role of NGOs in development processes
1-

2-

3-

4-

5- IB report 2014 on NGOs stalling projects

 6-

7- FCRA
a-

b-

-- Section related questions are also asked -- Questions expected from NGOs topic
3- Role of Pressure Groups

1- Definition

2- Evolution of pressure groups

3- Difference between Political party & pressure group

a-

b-
4- Types of Pressure group: Based on structure

Other pressure groups

-- Trade Union Problems

 5- Pressure groups methods, tools ,func.

6- Pressure groups : role in democracy

+ve

-ve

eg: Tobacco lobby of India

Golden gang of maharashtra

 IAS lobby vs 7th pay commission

-- UPSC mains question on pressure groups

Lecture 82: ML5/P2: (GS3) Investment Models: Hybrid Annuity, Swiss Challenge for
UPSC Mains

1- Investment Models ( Will complete it along with Win24 series)