PRE FACULTY WEEK 10

WEEKEND HANDOUT

GRAMMAR

A. Mark the best choice.

Nowadays scientists are trying to come up with an answer to this question “Can you die from a
broken heart?” Usually ‘having a broken heart’ is a turn of phrase. Someone might even refer to having
‘heartache’ when ____ 1 are sad or grief-stricken. But there is a medical condition known as Takotsubo
cardiomyopathy or ‘Broken Heart Syndrome’ ____ 2is all too real for some people in the UK. ____ 3 there
were historical mysteries and sudden, unexplained deaths from traumatic, emotional events, the first
medically described cases of Takotsubo were only reported in the 1990s, mostly in Japan. Cases involved
people ____ 4 to hospital after the death of loved ones with seemingly dramatic changes in their hearts.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurs when one of the heart’s chambers suddenly expands and weakens.
This means that the heart cannot pump blood around the body properly, and this extra stress can lead
to heart failure. The condition is still relatively rare and affects mainly women. ____ 5, we are starting
to learn more about it, and scientists believe that the phenomenon occurs as a reaction to a flow of
adrenaline to the heart after extreme emotional or physical stress. Dr. Dana Dawson from the University
of Aberdeen explained that when she and her team began ____ 6 the condition, they came across more
and more cases. One woman, for example, developed it simply after ____ 7 a heated argument with her
daughter. ____ 8, scientists realised that insufficient awareness and understanding of the condition
were the first obstacles to effective diagnosis. It is not easy to understand ____ 9 someone has
Takotsubo. On first appearance, someone with Takotsubo might look like they are having a heart attack,
even to a doctor. The symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) and even the blood tests, of someone ____ 10
Takotsubo can appear the same as someone who is having a heart attack. However, this paints a
misleading picture: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and a heart attack are two very different conditions.
Hence, there is a need for a number of further studies to be carried out.

1. A. it B. they C. him D. them

2. A. that B. this C. where D. when
3. A. Despite B. Due to C. Although D. Since
4. A. rushing B. to rush C. rushed D. are rushing
5. A. In contrast B. However C. Moreover D. Therefore
6. A. investigated B.to investigate C. investigates D. investigate
7. A. had B. had C. was having D. having
8. A. However B. On the other hand C. Thus D. Similarly
9. A. if B. that C. then D. as
10. A. experienced B. experience C. experiencing D. to experience

Adapted from https://blog.bhf.org.uk/can-you-die-from-a-broken-heart-192724c92e98

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B. Mark the best choice.

Phobias, such as an extreme fear of spiders or heights, can cause genuine suffering. In the past, one
approach to treatment involved the use of mind-altering drugs ____ 1 these often caused undesirable
side- effects in the patient. Another common method still ____ 2 use is behavioural therapy. This
involves exposing people to their particular phobia under controlled conditions. The theory behind this
is that a new memory ____ 3 says the feared object or situation in question is safe can be created. In
most cases, the effects seem to be more positive than those ____ 4 through chemical intervention. In
2009, a series of experiments that were led by Elizabeth Phelps at New York University looked at the
way ‘fear memories’ were retrieved and the way they could be manipulated. Originally, the
experiments _______ 5 on laboratory rats. Every time the rats were exposed to a certain sound, they
were given an electric shock, ____ 6 they learnt to fear the sound. Scientists discovered it was possible
to eliminate that fear through ‘extinction training’, ____ 7 which the rats were then exposed repeatedly
to the sound without any electric shock. Phelps’ study on human volunteers who were given electric
shocks when shown coloured cards, was based ____ 8 the rat tests. A year after the experiments,
nineteen of her subjects took part in ____ 9 tests. Those who had received 'extinction training’ more
than six hours after the fear memory was revived* still showed signs of fear towards the coloured
cards. Those who had been trained quickly showed ____ 10 signs of fear – indicating that the fear
memory had been removed. The research team’s findings seemed to offer hope for a new form of
phobia treatment.
*revive: start again, bring back to life

1. A. when B. although C. despite D. whereas

2. A. in B. out of C. out D. on
3. A. whose B. who C. where D. which
4. A. to achieve B. achieved C. achieve D. achieving
5. A. carried out B. had been carried out C. have been carried out D. had carried out
6. A. but B. whereas C. so D. instead
7. A. at B. with C. for D. in
8. A. on B. in C. into D. to
9. A. farthest B. furthest C. further D. farther
10. A. some B. no C. a few D. any

C. Complete the sentences.

1. I wish I __________ (be) the manager of this company.

2. Peter wishes he ___________ (not buy) that car.It breaks down so often and causes him trouble.
3. Asley's mother wishes she ___________ (do) well at school.
4. Larry wishes he ___________ (be) on a spa holiday relaxing rather than working in the office now.
5. Mary feels homesick.She wishes she ___________ (be) in her home with her parents now.
6. I wish you ___________ (bring) me a glass of water.I am very thirsty.
7. Karen wishes her father ____________ (not go) to Russia on business.She misses him.
8. It was a very hot and sunny.I wish I __________ (take) my sunglasses and sunlotion with me.
9. You look overweight.I wish you ___________ (attend) a gym.
10. My father wishes he __________ (not forget) to take the camera with him.The view was
wonderful.

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11. Joseph wishes he __________ (not cheat) in the exam.The teacher was very angry with him.
12. I wish I __________ (not speak) so loudly.My baby brother woke up.
13. Michael wishes his father _________ (not work) so hard so that he could be at home more.
14. Mr.Parker wishes there __________ (not be) mosquitoes around. They bite him badly.
15. I wish people ___________ (not cut) the trees anymore.
16. My mother wishes I __________ (take) her to the hospital for her operation last weekend.
17. Timothy wishes she _______ (not eat) too many strawberries.She has got a terrible stomachache.
18. Pam wishes she __________ (have) an mp3 player. She could listen to music now.
19. I wish I _________ (know) more about cooking.I have to prepare something special for my guests.
20. We wish we ___________ (win) the match last Sunday. We would have been this year's
champion then.
21. The students wish they ________ (study) more. They all got bad marks from the maths exam.

READING

A. Read the text and match the sentences (A-F) to the blanks (1-5). There is ONE EXTRA sentence.

A. Therefore, being responsible for a dog also means taking care of the dog so that it stays healthy.
B. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a
wonderful model of how to be a good friend.
C. Among all the animals, dogs are known to be the ones most loyal to human beings.
D. Having a dog develops a child's sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches the nature
of friendship.
E. The benefits of owning a dog will last during the child's entire lifetime.
F. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn how to interpret its behaviour.

The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on Children

Brendan's best friend is Tip. Tip and Brendan are inseparable. They teach each other things and they look after
each other. Tip has helped Brendan become more responsible, more caring, and a better friend. Brendan is a
nine-year-old boy, and Tip is a ten-year-old dog. Brendan and Tip are an example of how owning a dog can have a
positive effect on a child's development. ________ (1)

Having a dog helps a child learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animal's
daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day. A dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its
needs, including the need for a safe environment and good health. ________ (2) Furthermore, the owner must take
responsibility for the safety of the dog and the safety of the people it comes into contact with. If the child forgets
any of these duties and responsibilities, or ignores any of the dog's needs, the dog will suffer. This teaches the child
that his responsibility to the dog is more important than his desire to play with his toys, talk on the phone, or watch
TV. This is true not only for the care of a dog, but also for the care of oneself, another person, or one's job. Learning
how to take responsibility for the health and welfare of a dog leads to learning how to take responsibility for
oneself.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. Empathy is the ability to put
oneself in another person's, or in this case, another creature's situation and imagine that person's or creature's
feelings or problems. ________ (3) The child must learn to understand what the dog's behaviour means. Is the dog
frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog's mind. Understanding a
situation from the dog's perspective helps the child understand why the dog is behaving in a certain way and what
the dog needs. The result of learning to read a dog's behaviour is that the child develops empathy. By learning how
to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming

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a more considerate and caring person.……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend. One of the most significant benefits of
owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A
dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. The dog will wait patiently for
its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. ________ (4) A child soon realizes that his dog will always listen
to him, will always be ready to play with him, will always protect him, and will always forgive him. A child who has
learned to be even half as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable
lessons in life.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. ________ (5) The understanding and
appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog
will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.
Adapted from: https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca

B. Circle the correct option.

1. The friendship between Brendan and Tip is given as an example to show ___________.
A. children’s need to attach to animals emotionally
B. dogs’ contribution to children’s maturation process
C. children’s need to be given care and love at an early age
D. the importance of children’s integration with social life

2. Which of the following is NOT among a child’s duties for dog care?
A. Feeding the dog B. Providing a safe environment
C. Keeping it healthy D. Talking to the dog

3. Learning to read a dog’s behaviour ___________.

A. enables people to raise dogs easily C. makes it possible to protect dogs from dangers
B. helps children to learn empathy D. helps people to be cautious for future disasters

4. Which of the following is FALSE about dogs?

A. Dogs are sometimes dangerous for people. C. Dogs show patience for their owners.
B. Dogs have unconditional love to their owners. D. Dogs need to be shown love and care.

5. The underlined word “considerate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. considerable C. thoughtful
B. determined D. mature

6. The underlined pronoun “this” in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.

A. taking responsibility for the dog
B. empathy for people around
C. providing safety for the dog
D. desire to play with toys

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 ANKARA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

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2023-2024 ACADEMIC YEAR – SPRING SEMESTER

PRE FACULTY / WEEK 10

LISTENING

Read the statements. Listen to the class discussion. For each statement,check True or False.

1. The teacher asks the students what actions they would take if their computers had problems. ___

2. Most students in the class would take their computers to a shop if they weren't working
properly.____

3. Andrea says that a computer probably has a bug or a virus if it isn't working.____

4.There is probably a real insect inside a computer if it isn't working properly. ____

5. Grace Harper used the term "bug"in 1947 because it hadn't been invented yet. ____

6.Before 1947,researchers would have used the term "bug"to refer to insects causing problems in
machines. ____

7. If Harvard hadn't been working closely with the Navy, Grace Harper would not have written a
report about the "bug." ____

8. If Grace Harper and others hadn't started using the term "bug,"it might not have become the
accepted term for a computer problem. _____