EOI_IN3 - Tema 5.

1: Wales: Not all who wander

are lost

Wales: Not all who wander are lost

Inglés Nivel Intermedio B1

Enseñanzas
Lesson
Oficiales de Idiomas

Wales
Not all who wander are lost

Focus on

Imagen de Heini Samulsen en Flickr. Licencia CC

In Wales, Tom has decided to rent a car to be able to visit places outside the bus
routes, also because he has a limited time to spend there.

People often rent cars when they go on vacation or travel on business, but there are
many things you should consider when choosing a rental car company.

Do you know the difference between hire and rent?

Show feedback
The meaning is the same: to rent or hire something, you pay money in order to be
allowed to use it for a limited amount of time. American English uses "to rent"
whereas British English uses "to hire" more often. It is simply a matter of usage. With
some nouns, you can use one or the other – it doesn’t matter which, as both are freely
used. You can rent or hire cars, bikes or electronic equipment. With other nouns, it is
customary in British English to use one and not the other. We would rent a flat,
caravan, cottage or house.

Note the difference in use, depending on whether it is used as a verb or a noun: flats
to rent, but bikes for hire. "Hire" and "charter" are both used when talking about
similar contexts, ie. the use of machinery/ transport that is not your own. "Hire" is
used more when I use and operate something myself, especially if it is easy to do so.
"Charter" is used to refer to larger forms of transport like planes which have more
regulation over their use. In both cases, money is paid for the use of something or for
a service.

"Hire" can also have the meaning of employ - engage someone to do a job. Like "hire"
and "charter", "hire" and "employ" are used slightly differently. Both "employ" and "hire"
can imply that a payment is involved. However, you can use "employ" when there is no
payment, whereas you would not use "hire" that way. You would typically use "hire" for
jobs that are temporary and the word usually refers to the beginning of the
transaction. As in I hired him last year to fix my roof. You would typically use "employ"
for an ongoing job, as in She is employed at my firm.

People often rent cars when they go on vacation or travel on business, but there are
many things you should consider when choosing a rental car company. Here are some
words and phrases you'll find helpful when renting a car:

Types of car

Rental car
Compact
Economy
Standard
Full size
Luxury
SUV (sports utility vehicle)
Pickup truck
 Minivan

Paying for the car

Rental agreement
Daily rate
Weekend special
Car insurance
Damage waiver
Driving record
Mileage limit
No-show fee

Verbs

Make a reservation
Sign a rental agreement
Do a visual inspection
Leave a deposit
Pick up the car
Return the car

Other phrases

How old do you have to be to rent a car?

Do you have any cars available?
I'd like to rent a standard-size car.
How much is car insurance per day?
When do I need to return the car?

And then you have to be careful with driving regulations, since they may be different
from the ones in your country. In England, you must drive on the left (unless road signs
tell you otherwise or if you are overtaking – passing another car). The driver's seat is on
the right hand side of the car, and the passenger's seat is on the left. The gearstick is to
the left of the driver.
Drivers and passengers have to wear a seatbelt, except if they have certain medical
conditions, and seatbelts should also be worn in the back seat. If you "drink drive" (drive
after drinking alcohol), the penalties can be serious. Most people will advise you not to
drink alcohol at all before driving.

Be especially careful to respect the speed limits on the roads. A sign tells you what the
maximum speed limit is and, if you break the speed limit, you may get a fine or points
on your licence. There are many hidden speed cameras in operation, so watch out!
1. Renting a car

Focus on

A street in an English town. A policeman stops a car. The driver is a foreigner...

Policeman: (Holding up his hand) Stop!

Driver: What's the matter?
Policeman: Why are you driving on the right side of the road?
Driver: Do you want me to drive on the wrong side?
Policeman: You are driving on the wrong side!
Driver: But you said I was driving on the right side!
Policeman: That's right. But you're on the right, and that's wrong!
Driver: What a strange country! If right is wrong, I'm right when I'm on the wrong side of
the road. So why did you stop me?
Policeman: My dear Sir, you must keep to the left. The right side is the left!
Driver: It's like a looking glass! I'll try to remember. Well, I want to go to Bellwood. Will
you kindly tell me the way?
Policeman: Certainly! At the end of this road, turn left.
Driver: Now let me think. Turn left! In England, left is right and right is wrong. Am I
right?
Policeman:You'll be right if you turn left. But if you turn right, you'll be wrong.
Driver: Thank you very much! It's as clear as daylight!

Click on the image to do a listening activity on renting a car (American English):

 Imagen de nateone en Flickr. Licencia CC

Mediation

Put the paragraphs in order writing 1, 2, 3... The first one has been done for you.

1 I went on a vacation last week, and I needed a

way to get around the area, so I rented a car for
the trip. I contacted a car rental agency and
asked them about the types of vehicles they had
available.

Before I left, we did a visual inspection of

Imagen de Atomic Taco en Flickr. Licencia CC
the SUV to see if it had any dents or scratches
on it, so I wouldn't be liable for previous
damage to the car. Finally, I signed the rental agreement and then started my vacation.
I returned the SUV a week later without a problem.

I was able to get the weekly rate of $55 a day, not including tax; however, the SUV
came with unlimited miles, so I didn't have to pay extra for the number of miles I drove.
Of course, I had to pay for my gas, and I had to return the SUV with the same amount of
gas that was in it when I started my trip.

As it turned out, I rented a SUV because I was planning to do some sightseeing and
driving in some national parks.

The manager of the car rental agency recommended me to buy the additional car
protection plan-insurance that would cover the vehicle in case of an accident, but I told
him that my own insurance covered rental cars, so I didn't bother to pay the extra
money for the additional insurance.

Do it yourself

Find a word in the text that means

a sunken director
area
 forming a
separate
space

sports
visiting
utility
monuments
vehicle

coverage
by contract
whereby
one party
undertakes
extra
to
guarantee
another
against
loss

accesible responsible

Mediation

Your Spanish friend Pedro is coming to spend a few days to Britain with his family and
some friends. They want to hire a car to visit different places in the country. As there are
some young people who are coming with them, he wants to know about car hire age
requirements in the United Kingdom.

Read this article and try to explain the most important issues about this topic to him

Talk for about 3 to 4 minutes.

1.1. A flat tyre

Focus on

When he was on his way to Cardiff, the car suddenly started to slow down. Tom thought
that it was just because he was going up a hill. He started hearing a noise and then
pulled over. He checked the tyres and there was one of those big nails that you screw
into furniture except this one was sharp.
He called the rental company and they sent out a truck. They fixed the tyre for free and
he continued on with his trip! He was lucky, but he might not have been. It is important
to be able to change a tyre. If you do not know how to, you can learn watching this
video:

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/fGp1meWKCD8

How to change a tyre

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

When a spare tyre is unavailable or is also in disrepair, you only have a few options. This
article will tell you how to fix a flat tire.

Culture counts
Although the majority of people living
in Wales speak English, the Welsh
language continues to thrive. Half a
million people in Wales can speak
Welsh, that’s around 19% of the
population.

It’s called Cymraeg, and is a language

with entirely regular and phonetic
spelling. The place names may look
complicated but, once you know the
rules, you can learn to read and
pronounce Welsh fairly easily.

This Celtic language is closely related

to Cornish and Breton and is one of Imagen de Still ePSiLon en Flickr. Licencia CC
Europe’s oldest living languages; the
Welsh we speak today is directly
descended from the language of the
6th century.

Welsh is a living language, used in

conversation by thousands and seen
throughout Wales and both are official languages. Both Welsh and English exist
harmoniously in Wales. The bilingual words of poet Gwyneth Lewis featured on the
design of the iconic Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay is a proud illustration of
this. The English reads ‘In These Stones Horizons Sing’ and the Welsh is ‘Creu Gwir Fel
Gwydr o Ffwrnais Awen’, which translates as "Creating truth like glass from the furnace
of inspiration".

Welsh is a compulsory subject for all pupils up to the age of 16 in English-medium

schools in Wales. Welsh is taught as a first language in Welsh-medium schools.

There is a national Welsh language television channel, S4C, and a Welsh language radio
station, BBC Radio Cymru. There is a weekly national paper as well as Welsh language
magazines and regional monthly papers.

Two Welsh language films have been nominated for Oscars – Hedd Wyn and Solomon a
Gaenor under the ‘Best Foreign Language Film’ category.

The Welsh language can be seen online with an increasing number of Welsh language
sites and blogs popping up. There are an increasing number of Welsh language Apps
and Games available – did you know you could play Minecraft in Welsh?

Source: http://www.wales.com/language
What is Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobllllantysiliogogogoch?

Show feedback

It is a Welsh town on the island of Anglesey, only known due to the fact that it has a
very long name, and is the longest railway station name in Britain, and probably the
longest domain name in the world.

The name translates as 'St Mary's church in the hollow of the white hazel near a rapid
whirlpool and the church of St Tysilio of the red cave'.

You can learn to pronounce the word here:

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/ZGEAKM_cDRU

Anglesey Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwy…
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwy…

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

1.2. Asking for help

Imagen de marc falardeau en Flickr. Licencia CC

In English, there are different ways to ask for help in formal and informal situations.

Asking for help

Could you . . . (for me) ?
Would you please . . . ?
Would you mind v+ing . . . ?
Could you possibly . . . ?
Do you have a minute?
Can you spare a few minutes?
Could you do me a favor?
Could I ask you a favor?
Can I ask you to . . . ?
I need some help (if you have time).
(If you're not busy) I could use your help.

Responding

Okay, no problem.
Sure, I'd be glad to.
Sorry, I'm (kind of) busy now.
I'm sorry. I don't have time right now.

Follow-up

Thanks for your help.

Thank you so much.
Thanks, I really appreciate it.
Listen to Steve Jobs talking about how asking for help is what may separate success
from failure.

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> https://www.youtube.com/embed/zkTf0LmDqKI

Steve Jobs on Failure

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

Listen to this famous song while you read the lyrics in this amazing piece of kinetic
typography:

https://es.lyricstraining.com/play/the-beatles/help/HeCaJ3y7Je#k6

Do it yourself

In the song find a word for the following meanings:

confident

land

disappear

cloud of suspended particles

2. Travel talk

Imagen de slices of life en Flickr. Licencia CC

Imagen de Christopher Michel en Flickr. Licencia CC

Travel/travelling (nouns)

"Travel" is the general term to describe going from one place to another, but we do not
often use it as a noun. We can talk about someone's travels to refer to the journeys he
makes:
 His travels abroad provided lots of background material for the novels he wrote.

"Travelling" is also a general term which refers to the activity of travel:

Travelling by boat between the islands is less tiring than travelling by road.
I don't do as much travelling as I used to now that I'm retired.

"Travel" is often part of compound nouns.

Make sure you keep all your travel documents safely.

You can obtain your tickets from the travel agents in the High Street if you don't
want to order them over the Internet.
Some of you may suffer from travel sickness.
Air travel may well give you a bumpy ride.

We often use travel as a verb:

I love travelling during the summer holidays.

This year I plan to travel all around the Iberian Peninsula.

Journey (noun)

A journey is one single piece of travel. You make journeys when you travel from one
place to another. (Note that the plural is spelt "journeys", not "journies"):

The journey from London to Newcastle by train can now be completed in under
three hours.

We occasionally use "journey" as a verb as an alternative to "travel", although it may

sound a bit formal or poetic:

We journeyed /travelled between the pyramids in Mexico on horseback.

(Go on a) trip

A trip usually involves more than one single journey and is usually for a purpose (school,
business, etc.). We talk about day trips, round trips and business trips. We make
journeys usually, but we go on trips:

I went on a day trip to France. We left at 6.30 in the morning and returned before
midnight the same day.
The round-trip ticket enabled me to visit all the major tourist destinations in India.
John's gone on a business trip to Malaysia and Singapore.
The trip went well. It was an old car, but we didn't break down in four weeks of
travelling.
(Go on an) expedition

An expedition is an organised trip whose purpose is usually "scientific exploration of the

environment".

Numerous expeditions to The Antarctic have ended in disaster.

Are you going to join the expedition up the Amazon this year, like the one Tom
went on last year?

Less dangerous and less adventurous are shopping expeditions when you are hunting
down particular goods or bargains and fishing expeditions when you go in search of fish
which are not easy to locate or catch.

A safari is a trip or expedition to observe wild animals in their natural habitat in Africa,
usually. You go on safari to safari parks.

A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship or boat and visit a number of
places en route. When we cruise, this is exactly what we do.

A voyage is a long journey, not necessarily for pleasure, on a ship. We don't talk about
voyages very much in the present time, but historically they were very significant.

Christopher Columbus's second voyage (1493 - 1496) led to the discovery of

several Caribbean islands. On his third voyage (1498 - 1500), he discovered the
South American mainland.

Do it yourself

Complete the sentences with a word from the section above.

The return was very tiring.

The Titanic sank on its first .

She's just back from a business to Tokyo.

Where do you keep your passport and documents?

Do it yourself
Write the right word from the box next to its definition.

cruise drive flight journey tour travel trip voyage

Journey in an An act of traveling

aeroplane. by water.

The act of traveling

Journey for some
from one place to
specific purpose.
another.

A journey or route
all the way around a
A holiday on a ship.
particular place or
area.

(Usually verb) Go A journey in a

from one place to vehicle driven by
another. someone else.

Do it yourself

Complete the sentences using the same words.

1. My boss has gone on a business to the Middle East.

2. We were planning a around the Aegean Islands, but it was too
expensive.
3. It's not worth flying there, it's only a four- hour from our home.
4. One of the most famous was the one made by the Mayflower, which
sailed from Southampton to America in 1620.
5. I love traveling, but I hate the . I always go sick!
6. When I graduate, I'll go on a around Europe.
7. You can book extremely cheap in low-cost online agencies.
8. My neighbours never . They say there's nothing like being at home.
2.1 Means of transport

Reading Activity

Read the following text and then answer the questions.

Imagen de MorBCN en Flickr. Licencia CC

Welcome to Barcelona

Getting here

By plane

Domestic and international flights land at El Prat de Llobregat Airport, 12km southwest
of Barcelona. The Aerobus links the airport to Pl. Catalunya, the center of Barcelona (40
min.; every 15 min.). RENFE trains provide cheaper airport transportation (20-25 min.;
every 30 min.). The most useful stops are Estació Barcelona- Sants and Plaça Catalunya,
which link up with the metro. Tickets are sold at the red machines. The city bus offers
inexpensive night service. A taxi ride between Barcelona and the airport costs around
30€. Taxi ranks are found directly outside the terminals, with services 24 hours. The
journey to Barcelona takes 25 minutes.

Three main national airlines operate at El Prat Airport: Iberia has extensive coverage
and student discounts. Air Europa and Spanair offer cheaper fares. All major
international airlines serve Barcelona, including British Airways and Delta and many low-
cost airlines. An alternative is flying to Gerona Airport, which is to the North and served
extensively by Ryanair, and catching a shuttle to Barcelona in under an hour.

By train
 A North-South coastal route is traversed by Spain's domestic rail services which are
renowned for their reliability, efficiency and good value. The views on this route are
often very attractive and it’s possible to travel directly, at least once a day, to Barcelona
from as far away as Seville. Regular services also run directly from many major Spanish
cities, with several trains running daily to Madrid. Then there are the services to France,
including services to Paris, Marseille and Nice, but they usually involve a change of
trains at the border. Trains run under the city centre and stop at Barcelona's main train
station Estació Sants, just west of La Ramblas. Some local services also stop at Plaça
de Catalunya, due north, while Estació França, east of Las Ramblas, is less frequented.
In Spain you have the option of the local Talgo, the faster Intercity and the long-
distance high-speed AVE. For general information about trains, call RENFE or visit its
web page.

By car

Arriving from France and the North, you have a choice of driving on the express
highway (E-15) or the more scenic coastal road along the Costa Brava. There is also a
route over the Pyrenees, through Andorra, which enters Spain at Puigcerdà and follows
the N-152 to Barcelona. From Madrid, the N-2 is an easy highway to follow, through
Zaragoza and onto the A-2 to El Vendrell and A-7 motorway to Barcelona. The E-15 also
arrives in Barcelona from the south making it easy to get to from the Costa Blanca and
Valencia. Vehicles drive on the right in Spain.

By bus

The main intercity bus station is located northeast of La Ramblas: Estació d'Autobuses
del Nord. The station has food, money exchange and luggage storage. Other buses,
particularly international buses, arrive at the Estació d'Autobuses de Sants, next to the
train station.

Do it yourself

Which one of the options is NOT true?

El Prat Airport...

is 12km southwest of Barcelona.

cannot be reached by bus at night.

 is the only airport for visitors going to Barcelona.

is served by both domestic and international flights.

Wrong. Try again.

Wrong. Try again.

Correct. An alternative is flying to Gerona Airport.

Wrong. Try again.

Solution

. Wrong
. Wrong
. Correct Option
. Wrong

If you take a train in Spain...

you will find the service is reliable.

you will have to change trains at the border.

you have the option of the local Talgo, the faster Intercity and the long-distance
high-speed AVE.

you will have to book your seat on the internet or by phone.

Wrong. Try again.

Wrong. Try again.

 Wrong. Try again.

Correct. The text does not mention this.

Solution

. Wrong
. Wrong
. Wrong
. Correct Option

If you go to Barcelona by car...

make sure you drive on the right.

you can come from France over the Pyrenees.

you have to pass Zaragoza if you come from Madrid.

you have a choice of highway and coastal road when you arrive from France.

Correct. Vehicles drive on the right in Spain.

Wrong. Try again.

Wrong. Try again.

Wrong. Try again.

Solution

. Correct Option
. Wrong
. Wrong
 . Wrong

The Estació d'Autobuses del Nord...

is the main intercity bus station in Barcelona.

is located northwest of La Ramblas.

has baggage storage facilities.

has food stalls.

Wrong. Try again.

Correct. It is located northeast of La Ramblas.

Wrong. Try again.

Wrong. Try again.

Solution

. Wrong
. Correct Option
. Wrong
. Wrong

You can now watch a video on how to get a taxi or a shuttle from the airport.

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/uT7ydXZ9MqI

 ESL Lesson: Hiring a Taxi, Limo, or Shuttle…
Shuttle…

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

2.2. Getting away from it all

Focus on

The Divine Comedy are a pop band from Northern Ireland fronted by Neil Hannon.
"National Express" was released as the third single from the album Fin de Siècle (1998)
and reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart.

The song is based on Neil Hannon's observations of life from the window of a National
Express bus. Read the lyrics. What do you think is his opinion on the working classes?
Can you picture the people described?

Now watch the video:

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/TiBI3A2WcrE

The Divine Comedy - National Express vid…

vid…

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

Did your interpretation of the song change after watching the video?

You can visit The Divine Comedy's official web page and its myspace.
Imagen de Nanette Turner en Flickr. Licencia CC

Here are some phrasal verbs about travel.

Get away (from someone or somewhere).

Leave or escape from a person or place, often when it is difficult to do this:

I didn't think I was ever going to get away. He just wouldn't stop talking to me!

Back up

Vehicles have to wait in a long line because there are too many of them:

The traffic has started to back up because of the accident.

Road works have caused a lot of delays and cars are backing up along the mains
roads into the city.

Get on (a vehicle)

Go onto a bus, train, plane or boat:

We got on the train at 9 o'clock, but it didn't leave until 9.30.

He got on the bus and then realised he'd left his wallet at home.

Hop on (informal)

Go onto a bus, train, plane or boat:

With a one-day travel card, you can hop on and off as many buses as you like.
Just hop on the 172 and you'll be in the city in 10 minutes.

Get off (a vehicle).

Leave a train, bus, plane or boat:

 Get off at the bus stop after the cinema and I'll meet you there.
We got off the ship for a few days and spent the time at the beach.

Check in

Show your ticket at an airport to confirm that you are flying a particular flight so that
your bags can be put on the plane:

We need to check in two hours before the flight.

You can't go through to passport control until you have checked in.

Pull over (a vehicle) / pull someone (a driver) over

A vehicle moves to the side of the road and stops:

Just pull over by the petrol station, and I'll run in and buy some chocolate.
The police pulled him over because he was speeding.

Pull out (a vehicle)

Move onto a road where the traffic is moving faster:

He just pulled out without even signalling. I almost crashed right into him.
Wait until there's a break in the traffic and then pull out.

Stop over (verb) a stopover (noun)

Stay at a place for one night or a few nights on the way to somewhere else:

They stopped over in Singapore for one night on the way to Australia.
Do you want a stopover in New York for a few days on your way back from Mexico?

Do it yourself

Complete each sentence with one phrasal verb from the list. You might have to put it in
the right tense.

check in drop off back up (x2) get away get on

get off pick up pull over pull out

1. the bus! It's about to leave.

2. I'll you after the class.

3. I don't know where to the train!

4. Does bus number 11 you at Trafalgar Square?

5. I often see cars on the coastal road.

6. You must at least two hours before the flight.

7. I don't think he'll ever leave his job and from it all.

8. Did the police you ?

9. No-one was moving. We had to sit there for ages because the traffic was
for miles.

10. He almost caused an accident. He without signalling and I

almost crashed right into him.

Write about an important journey you have made -perhaps it was the first time you went
abroad or perhaps it was a journey that was particularly difficult in some way. Then tell
your partners and tutor about it. Remember: do not read your notes. Speaking is not
reading!

Top tips

Don't write and then read. Make notes and then use them as prompts.
Check the pronunciation of difficult words beforehand.
Be careful with the verb tense sequence.
Take your time. Don't speak too fast.
Make it as interesting as possible. Include some surprising information.

Culture counts
From Murder on the Orient Express to Airplane!, many films feature means of transport.
Thrillers, comedies or docudramas, they all have something in common. United 93 is a
real time account of the events on United Flight 93, one of the planes hijacked on 9/11
that crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, when passengers foiled the terrorist plot. In
the hilarious comedy Airplane!, an airplane crew takes ill. Surely, the only person
capable of landing the plane is an ex-pilot afraid to fly. But don't call him Shirley. Airport
is a melodrama about a bomber on board an airplane, an airport almost closed by snow
and various personal problems of the people involved. In Murder on the Orient Express,
when his train is stopped by deep snow, detective Hercule Poirot is called on to solve a
murder that occurred in his car the night before.

In Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987), all Neal Page (Steve Martin) wants to do is
make it home from a business trip in New York City and spend Thanksgiving with his
family in Chicago. Instead, he finds himself rerouted from New York's La Guardia Airport
to Wichita, Kansas. With no other options, Neal decides to share a room in a fleabag
hotel with Del Griffith (John Candy), a shower-curtain-ring salesman and fellow stranded
traveler. Although Neal finds Del to be a buffoon, he just can't seem to get away from
him. To make matters worse, all their efforts to get back to Chicago fail as trains break
down and rental cars catch on fire. Along the way they encounter crazy cabbies, redneck
truck drivers, and oversexed bus passengers.

This film features fine performances from Martin and Candy. You can see them at their
best here:

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/_akwHYMdbsM

Going the Wrong Way - Planes, Trains & A…

A…

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

Neal: He says we're going the wrong way...
Del: Oh, he's drunk. How would he know
where we're going?
3. Deduction

Imagen de ricky shore en Flickr. Licencia CC

Modal verbs of deduction

We can use these modal verbs (also called modals of probability, speculation or
certainty) when we want to make a guess about something. We choose the verb
depending on how sure we are.

We use may, might or could to say that something is possible or probable in the present
or in the future.

May (more probable)

Where is Kurt? He may be at home or he might be at the sports pavilion.

Might (the possibility is quite remote)

I might study Medicine next year, but I don't think I will.

Could (less probable, too)

Where is Jane? I don't know, she could be at school. (might is also possible)

Must is used in an affirmative sentence to say that we are sure about something.
 My students get very high marks. They must study very hard. (I am sure that they
are studying a lot).
The lights are on. Someone must be in. (I am sure there is someone in the house)

Can't is used in negative sentences to say that something is impossible.

They can't be brothers. They are completely different. (It is impossible that they
are brothers)
They can't be in, as the lights are off. (It is impossible that there is someone in the
house)

When talking about the present, there is a line that goes from very probable to almost
impossible.

For example:

I am waiting for Julie with another friend, David. I ask: "Where is Julie?"

David guesses:

She must be on the bus. (about 95% possible).

She may be in the wrong room. (about 50% possible).
She might come soon. (about 30% possible).
She could be lost.(about 30% possible).
She can’t be at home. (about 5% possible).

Notice that the opposite of must is can’t in this case.

Read the sentences. Make deductions using "can't", "could" and "must". Write the
sentences in a separate piece of paper.

. Annie goes to school from 9 am to 2 pm. It's 1:30 pm. Where's Annie?
. Ron likes playing soccer on Saturday mornings. It's Saturday afternoon. What's Ron
doing?
. Joanna never leaves her house before eating breakfast. Today she's running late.
What's she doing?
. Pedro never skips work. Today is the final game of the Soccer World Cup. Where's
Pedro?
. Rhonda and Jackie love watching movies. Their favourite movies are comedies,
but they don't like animated movies very much. Today, a new 3D animated movie is
premiered. What are they doing?
 . She can't be at home. She could be in Biology class.
. He can't still be playing soccer, can he? He must be at home by now.
. She can't be leaving yet. She must be eating breakfast.
. He can't be at a bar watching the game. He could be watching the game
online, but he must be in the office.
. They can't be at the premiere. They don't like animated movies that much.
They could be home watching a comedy.

Do it yourself

Look at the following phrases and use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill the
gaps.

. They (may/must) be away for the weekend, but I'm not sure.
. He (can/could) be French, judging by his accent.
. They (can't/may) still be out!
. With luck, tomorrow (can't/could) be a sunny day.
. You (can/might) be right, but I'm going to check anyway.
. The exam (can't/might) be easy. You never know.
. It (may/can't) be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in
the Congo. It's impossible.
. Dave reckons she's from The States, but I think she (can't/might) be
from Scandinavia.
. I (can't/might) go to the party, but I'm not sure yet.
. This (must/could) be the right answer, but we'll have to check with
your teacher to make sure.
. She (can't/could) steal things from shops. She's rich and famous.
. I really think Real Madrid (can't/could) lose the final of the King's
Cup.
. She's been revising 10 hours a day for 3 weeks. She (could/must) be
exhausted.
. Nobody's answering. They (can't/must) be out.
. He (can't/may) be from the USA. He doesn't speak English.

Moving on
Here you have some extra exercises.

Modal verbs of deduction 1

Modal verbs of deduction 2

4. Wales

Watch the video about Wales and answer the questions. Take a separate piece of paper.

How many inhabitants are there in Wales?

How many languages are spoken in Wales?

Where is Cardiff, the capital of Wales, situated?

What sort of climate does Wales have?

How many miles of coastline does Wales have?

How long has Wales been inhabited by humans?

When did Dylan Thomas, Wales' most famous poet, live?

What is the most popular sport in Wales?

Enlace a recurso reproducible >> http://www.youtube.com/embed/8LEW5yEVCpw

Travel Guide: Wales

Vídeo alojado en YouTube

 There are over 3 million inhabitants in Wales.

Cardiff is situated in the south of Wales.

Wales has a maritime climate.

Wales has over 700 miles of coastline.

Wales has been inhabited by humans for tens of thousands of years.

Dylan Thomas lived in the 20th century.

The most popular sport in Wales is rugby.

Do it yourself

The famous Welsh people below were all either born, or grew up in Wales. Match the
names and the descriptions.

Imagen de Plumandjello en Flickr. Licencia CC

Writer of such classic children's books as "Matilda" 1. Jack

and "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory". Daniels

2. Tom
Creator of the famous Bourbon whisky.
Jones

Stage and film actor perhaps best known for his 3. Roald
relationship with actress Elizabeth Taylor. Dahl

4.
Pop singer whose sex appeal made him a major star
Richard
in the 60s and went on to become a Vegas performer.
Burton

Actor whose most famous role was Hannibal Lecter in 5. Dylan

"Silence of the Lambs". Thomas

6.
Poet whose most famous work was "Under Milkwood"
Anthony
and who dies young on a lecture tour in the USA.
Hopkins

7.
Scholar, arqueologist, adventurer, military strategist
Bertrand
and poet.
Russell

Mathematician who was the first to use pi as a 8. David

mathematical symbol. Hughes

9.
Philosopher, mathematician and the Nobel Prize for
William
Literature in 1950.
Jones

10.
First person in the world to transmit and receive
Lawrence
television.
of Arabia

SENTENCE STRESS

Sentence stress is the music of spoken English. Like word stress, sentence stress can
help you to understand spoken English, especially when spoken fast.

Sentence stress is what gives English its rhythm or "beat". You remember that word
stress is accent on one syllable within a word. Sentence stress is accent on certain
words within a sentence.

Most sentences have two types of words: content words and structure words.

Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry
the meaning or sense.

Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that make
the sentence correct grammatically. They give the sentence its correct form or
"structure".

If you remove the structure words from a sentence, you will probably still understand the
sentence.
If you remove the content words from a sentence, you will not understand the sentence.
The sentence has no sense or meaning.

Imagine that you receive this telegram message:

SELL CAR. GONE FRANCE.

This sentence is not complete. It is not a "grammatically correct" sentence. But you
probably understand it. These four words communicate very well. Somebody wants you
to sell their car for them because they have gone to France. We can add a few words:

Will you SELL my CAR because I've GONE to FRANCE.

The new words do not really add any more information. But they make the message
more correct grammatically. We can add even more words to make one complete,
grammatically correct sentence. But the information is basically the same:

In our sentence, the four key words (sell, car, gone, France) are accentuated or stressed.

Why is this important for pronunciation? It is important because it adds "music" to the
language. It is the rhythm of the English language. It changes the speed at which we
speak (and listen to) the language. The time between each stressed word is the same.

In our sentence, there is one syllable between SELL and CAR and three syllables
between CAR and GONE. But the time between SELL and CAR and between CAR and
GONE is the same. We maintain a constant beat on the stressed words. To do this, we
say "my" more slowly, and "because I've" more quickly. We change the speed of the
small structure words so that the rhythm of the key content words stays the same.
Source: https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/sentence-stress.htm
Bite size

Modals of deduction.

Sentence stress.

Travel.
Means of transport: cars, car rental
Phrasal verbs related to travel.

Asking for help.

Following instructions.

Travel literature.
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