HEALTH treat is complete state of physical, ental ava socal well beng, Healthy Ge the wall sing of the body in is entirety ie with all the noreual functions well eonalinate. ental wellbeing (5 do with a person's skate of mina ana octal well bring isto do with having decent acconusuodation, clothing) food ane bring pare of a functional eonunuanity and physient wellbeing tet dp with how well your body functions “Tocrjoy good health a person neue proper slop andl vst prep shaker, Doalanced dist and enough exeraises or phgsonl fbness DISEASES A disease canbe defined as adliserderor walfunstion of the body which Lencls to @ leparterefrove Bpod health causes of disease Poor nutritioweg, eatehorkeay Pothogaaé egutliharain (worms), malaria (petozen), plio (vines) ant eypadia (oaetera Chemicals and peizon eg. lung cancer, astestocis iver sirosis, euphyeeraa Genet defects 9, albinicns anaemia, elowr tlindnece, owns sypabrovn, dverfisme Methods of transmission of diseases - Disease transmission is the way in which a disease (s spread. These include;Contact ~ Pathogens ean be passed from one person to ansthey when people are bx lose eontnt, directly or iaivectly ~ Diredt requtves close physiealcontnet between av infected person and @ _susceplible person ana the physical transfer of ruiero-organisms. This includes toushing an infected person, Rissing, and sexual contact, contack with oral secretions or body lesions. Diseases include Cbala, STIS te ~ Indirect contact tyansneisston refers to situations where a susceptible person is infected front eontost with contaveinnted sunfaees 9. clothes Disenses include ring worn and Tinea, Ebola ee Droplet infection Refer to situations where droplet wvcle or dusk eontatning vaiovo- organisms can vernain suspended in tir Foren periods of tine. Airborne tranemiccton alone organienss to enter the per a Lovey respiratory bracts Sone diseases te rameter oy infeed droplets contacting surfaces of the eye, most o leh, roplis sonlabningywlore-organtsoms can be generated when an infected fzons ebughs pr enceze Cg, TB, typhoid, lnfiuence, poli, prownonin, sloping cough vectors = Are orgauisms capable of transmitting disenses eg. mosquito, flies or ticles eto. = vectors feed by biting through the skin and then sucking blood. if there were any pathogens in the saliva of the insect then. these would be injected iaiko the blood of the host animals.~ Mioro-organisms could also be losated on the outside surface of a vector oF cir facces nual spread through phyjcical contact with food, @ conneon. touch surface, or a susceptible individual. - Diseases include malaria, cholera Contaminated water = water is a favorable medivene for the dispersal of the organisms causing gastrointestinal infections such as dysentery, cholera and typhoid - When the organisvus reproduce in the gut eggs ave carried out with the ‘farce. the faeces or urine carrying pathogens are deposit direct in water that is used for drineing, the organisms nuay thus infect lage wander of people. - Disease organisms are washed into water supply and contaralnate tt. Contaninated food ~ Food muny be contancinated with pathogente organisras in a munber of ways it. contarainated hands, flies and tnfested neat or washing in contnnsinated water. ‘Bisenses include typhoid, dysentery BILHARZIA Causes of Bilharzta = ie baused by pavasitis flat worm. (olood fluke) ened Schistosoma which invade blood vessels of the gut and the walls of the gut and walls of the urinary bladder.Bilhavzia Life Cycle irside naman host roo Wing. Tarvae parasite insice The parasite’s tite cycle ocours in fresh walter snail and a ura Once flulees enter the body, they feed mainly ov. blood ana tissue dbrectly ‘frovs, the walt of the urinary bladder, to witich they attach themselves by suckers. “The flukes reproduce sexually and eggs are Latd iw the blood vessels of the gut or bladder.= Each egg has a conspieuous spine and, ac the entoryo develeps it vibrates, the spine outs a hole in the wall of blood vessels, The eggs with a litte bLocel enter the intestine or the bladder, to be disperse ether bn fences or im verine ~The eggs will then hattn anal develop into a series of different larvae inside ‘the water snail. The larvae reproduce themselves asexually in the smal. +The parasite leaves the snail aval enters the water. te wow has 0 forte al to help it to cwina, ~The larune ave abe to penetrate a person whois bave footed in stagnant “water or slow vaoving water bodies and ivamedintely pendiyate ard invade the blood vessels. The Lavvce vaay alse penetrate the body fromthe gut (f ‘they are swallowed in untreated driving water, Control or prevention 4. Avoid standing tn water epitining snails 2 Elindnate water snails by meolluseides, which clear weed on which snails fed 2. Fillvation nnstthloringion or otling of water efore use 4. Avold uatuatinng BF depecating, in water bedies 5. Ustofdrags e.g, oxaminquine