Cervical Cancel by virus =HPV

Liver Cancer =Hep B

BIRAC
Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) is a not-for-profit Section 8,
Schedule B, Public Sector Enterprise, set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT),
Government of India as an Interface Agency to strengthen and empower the emerging
Biotech enterprise to undertake strategic research and innovation, addressing nationally
relevant product development needs.

The National Biopharma Mission (NBM) is an industry- Academia Collaborative Mission for
accelerating biopharmaceutical development in the country.

Under this Mission the Government has launched Innovate in India (i3) programme to create
an enabling ecosystem to promote entrepreneurship and indigenous manufacturing in the
sector.

It has a focus on following four verticals:

1. Development of product leads for Vaccines , Biosimilars and Medical Devices that are
relevant to the public health need by focussing on managed partnerships.
2. Upgradation of shared infrastructure facilities and establishing them as centres of product
discovery/discovery validations and manufacturing.
3. Developing human capital by providing specific training.
4. Developing technology transfer offices to help enhance industry academia inter-linkages.

Biologics are complex drugs that are made from living organisms or their products, such as
proteins, antibodies, or nucleic acids. They are used to treat a variety of diseases, including
cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions.

Biosimilars are similar versions of biologics that have been approved by regulatory agencies
based on their similarity to the original biologic. Biosimilars are not identical to the original
biologic, but they have been shown to have similar efficacy and safety profiles.
iNCOVACC
• Incovacc is the world’s first intranasal vaccine to be approved as a booster dose.
• iNCOVACC, co-developed by Bharat Biotech and the U.S.-based Washington University,
was approved in November for ‘restricted emergency use’ for those aged 18 or older.
• The nasal vaccine is approved both as a primary dose and a heterologous booster.
• Unlike Covaxin, which is an inactivated coronavirus injected along with an adjuvant,
iNCOVACC is an adenovirus-vectored vaccine with a “prefusion stabilised spike protein”,
which is more like the technology employed in the Covishield vaccines
− Developed by Oxford University

Malaria vaccine
• RTS,S/AS01 is an injectable vaccine targeting P. falciparum, the most prevalent malaria
strain in Africa.
• Trade name - Mosquirix
• It was developed by British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline in 1987.
• It is the first and only vaccine to show partial protection in young children.
• The vaccine's effectiveness at preventing severe cases of malaria in children is only around
30%, but it is the only approved vaccine.

World Malaria Report 2022

• Annual report released by World Health Organisation (WHO)

Key highlights of the report:

• The upward trend continued but at a slower rate — 247 million cases in 2021, compared
to 245 million cases in 2020 and 232 million in 2019.
• Despite continued impact of COVID-19, malaria cases and deaths remained stable in 2021.
• India accounted for 79% of cases and about 83% of all malaria deaths in WHO South-East
Asia Region
The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG)
− Jointly established by MoFgHW, DBT, CSIR and ICMR
− To assess SARS-CoV-2 variants from lndian patients
− To correlate whole genomics sequencing (WGS) data with clinical/epidemiological data
for advance preparedness for public health interventions.
− -Consortium of 58 laboratories

Viral spillover refers to the transmission of a pathogen from one species to another.

This can happen naturally through close contact between different animal populations, or
through human activity such as hunting, deforestation, or the global trade of
wildlife.

• Climate change also

InfluenzaVirus
• H3 N 2
• A subtype of the influenza A virus. Influenza A viruses are named based on two proteins
on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
• The H protein is responsible for the virus's ability to bind to and infect host cells, while the
N protein helps the virus to spread and exit from infected cells.
• There are 18 H-subtypes and 11 N-subtypes.
• 130 Subtypes of Influenza Virus