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Ancient Arya Society

Conference Paper · August 2023

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 Abstract

The evolution of ancient Arya Society progressed from egalitarian unity to a caste-based
hierarchy. Indo-European Aryans migrated to India, encountering the advanced Anarya
civilization, resulting in the "Devasur-Sangrama" conflict and Aryan dominance. Aryans upheld
equality and brotherhood, as evident in texts like the Rigveda and Mahabharata. The absence of
casteism emphasized shared resources and collective labor. However, Varnas emerged over time,
giving rise to the caste system, deviating from egalitarianism, and introducing hierarchy attributed
to divine origins. This shift transformed the once-cohesive society into a segregated one, reflecting
how cultural encounters and societal changes shaped human civilization, highlighting the
interplay between unity, hierarchy, and social evolution.

Author
Prabin Kumar Yadav, B.A.LL.B Scholar. He is a prominent figure in the field of Newspaper
article writing. He is certified in critical thinking, Philosophy of Marxism.
Ancient Arya Society

At present, there is no difference of opinion on the question that the Aryans who practiced
Hinduism and the caste system in India were not indigenous to India, but immigrants, and everyone
is of the same opinion that they belonged to the Indo-European ethnic group. According to
Balmanba, among the world's major human races, Caucasian (European), Mongolian,
Ethiopian, American, and Malayan, Aryans belong to the Caucasian race.
The group of people who wandered between the Caspian and Krishna seas and the mountain range
called Caucasus and its surrounding lands were named Caucasians. The Caucasian family also has
three main branches or sub-families. They are - Aryan or Indo-European, Semitic, and Hermetic.
The Aryan or Indo-European family includes Greeks, Latins, Teuton or Germans, Celts,
Slavonians, Hindus, Persians, Afghans, and Armenians. These Aryas were a poor caste of cattle
herders. They lived a wandering life in South Europe and Central Asia four to five thousand years
before today. They were divided into many kavilas (ganas).
In Anu Druhyu, Yadu, Turvas, and Puru were the main ones. Kavilas were called 'Jana' and
these 5 Kavilas were called 'Panchajana'. These people of Arya used to fight with each other.
In this way, fighting among themselves and living a nomadic life, around five thousand years ago,
the Aryans came to India or the lower part of South-West Asia. At that time, the Anaryas had built
a beautiful city on the two banks of the Indus in places called Mohonjodado and Harappa.
In those Anaryas, blacksmithing, farming, crafts, etc. had been developed. Flat nose, broad
forehead, short stature, and business, fat these Anaryas were simple and hardworking. But the
Aryans were hardworking and had the habit of living a wild nomadic life and relying on the labor
of others. The beautiful civilization of Anarya was a matter of surprise for those wandering Aryas.
That civilization of thousands of years of Anarya became the apple of the eyes of the wild Aryas
and there was a fierce war between Arya and Anarya. This battle is known as "Devasur-
Sangrama" in Hindu scriptures and Vedic history. After all, the Aryas looted the world of the
Aryas through many tricks.1

1Edwin R. A. Seligman ibid, p. 26, Chakraman Vishwakarma, Dalitharu Astitvako Khojima (Kathmandu: Author has not
published date), p. 2, Romila Thapar, Ancient India, (New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, 1969),
p. 38, K. Damodaran, Indian Thought Tradition, (New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1982), p. 15, Tripathi, eds., p. 23,
Damodaran ipso facto, p. 15
(Aryans) captured the Indus civilization. The civilization which they (Aryans) did not develop
themselves. In this way, the Aryans attacked the Indus civilization of the Anaryas and entered
India. They were born arrogant, arrogant, and robbers. He was evil, bad, evil-increasing,
destructive, magic, and destructive.
There is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding when the Aryans entered India. In
Ghure's study, about 2500 AD. Indo-Aryans entered India in BC. Aryans who entered India, this
group spoke the Sanskrit language. In this way, the Aryans who entered India lived with the black-
skinned Indian residents living in different class levels and started calling themselves 'Arya',
meaning 'the best' and 'civilized' among the local tribals.
In this way, Aryans, who entered India and created Hinduism and Casteism, did not have Casteism
and untouchability in ancient society. There was no caste system in the Aryan society for about
2000 years before entering India and even after entering India.
The caste system was created much later. The ancient Arya society was simple, undivided, and
egalitarian. There was no big and no small. It was a custom to hunt, root, and fruit collectively and
to sit together and eat equally.
The composition of the Rigveda up to the ninth mandala is found to have been done before the
Aryas entered India until the creation of the Varna system. Apart from the Dasau mandala, the rest
of the mandalas of the Rigveda reflect the lifestyle of the ancient Aryans.
It is clear from that, there was no system of caste untouchability in the ancient Aryan society. - 9
other Hindu scriptures also say that there was no caste system in the Ancient Arya Samaj.
In the Rigveda, it is said, “There is no man Upper or Lower; All brothers are equal." In this way,
the entire human race is considered as one race and brother. It is said in the Mahabharata, in
primitive society, people were equal in Varna and caste. In that society, there was no state, no king,
no police, and no court2

2Om Prakash Kela and Prabhakar Thakur, A Simple History of India, (Allahabad: Indian Publications, 1971), p. 44, Thapar, ibid,
p. 38, Modnath Prasrit, Devasur Sangram, (Kathmandu: Parvi Prakashan, 2048), p. 29-55, same, p. 6-7, Ghurye, ibid, p. 163, Dr.
Akhileshwar Kumar, Dr. Ramanandan Kumar, Political and Cultural History of Ancient India, (Patna: Student's Fiends, 1990), p.
27, Dr. Narmadeshwar Prasad, Caste System, (Delhi: Rajkamal Prakashan, 1965), p. 35, Yakharai, ibid, p. 7 , Shastri, ibid, p.
247, ajyesthaso akanishthas ete bharatro.. (Rigveda: 5.60/5) , jātyach sadrishaḥ sarvekulen sadrishastatha.. (Mahabharata
Shantiparva, 107, 38)
 Because there was equality. There were neither exploiters nor exploited, such as a high and low
state, a kingdom without a king, an army court without an exploiter, and an exploited.
In society, if someone brought more goods from the group's collective property and hoarded it, he
was punished. It is said in the Vedas and other scriptures while teaching for equality, collectivity,
unity, and brotherhood, "Let your mantras, committees, minds, and hearts be the same."
You should work together with the same spirit and intelligence in the same work. What you eat
and drink should be equal. May all of you have the same water tank, and the same share of grain,
and let those who eat together agree. Let's walk together, eat together, work together." Let's walk
together, talk together and let's all be happy. Let us all eat the strengthening and aromatic food
together. One brother will speak to another brother in Bhadravani.

Ancient Aryans were inspired to increase the sense of unity, equality, friendship, and brotherhood
through such rituals and teachings. So it is clear that there was no inequality, malice, and
discrimination in the ancient society. By saying "Earth is our mother and we are all her children",
it has been explained that there is no inequality in considering all human beings as children of the
same mother.
Thus, the ancient Arya society, children of the same mother, who ate together, worked, slept,
rejoiced, and did not discriminate between big and small, later became the mother of the caste
system. “Varnas have no characteristics or distinctions; Because the whole creation was created
by God, the Aryans later started saying that casteism and the caste system were created by God.
In that ancient society, there was no discrimination and exploitation, and the law of working
together and sharing food, so that society is called the age of primitive communism.
The same discrimination, high-low, and exploitation-free society is called 'Satya Yuga' in the
Hindu division of time. Because in that age (society), anyone could plow the field, weave cloth,
make pottery, and wield a sword. From the above statements, it is clear that there was no caste
discrimination and untouchability in the ancient Arya society.3

3 There was no kingdom, no king, no punishment, no punishment (Uhi, 48.71), no mastery of river treasures, whose mind then
(Uhi, 588), Sahachitta bheshamha samani va akutih samani hridayaani vah samana mastu vo mano yathava: susahasati, ”
(Rigveda 10/1913 -4 ), same pratha sahavo annabhaga..., (Artharva Paiplad, 5/19/6), Atharva Veda 33016-7, all May they be
happy...., Rigveda, Rigveda 9|98.12, Atharvaveda 3|30|3, Motherland I am the son of the earth, (Atharvaveda 12|1|12), There is
no special description of all the Brahmubhicham world, (Mahabharata Shantiparva), love Kumar Khatri, Nepali Society and
Culture (Ancient and Medieval), (Kathmandu: Sajha Prakashan, 2050), HH. 72, footnote no. 49, p. 49

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