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    TFD

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    tnkimngoan923

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    of 33
    Chuong 5 DAO DUC TRONG THAM VAN TAM Li Tos ees 3 Se “Gubheinsa804) ‘Trong chuong nay, truéc tién chang tdi sé phan tich méi quan hé gitta luat phép va cdc quy diéu dao dic trong tham vn. Sau dé trinh bay mét s6 nguyén tie dao dtic co bin cia cdc nganh tr¢ gitip con ngudi. Trong phan gidi thiéu céc tiéu chudn dao dire nghé tham vn, ching tdi fi sé chi ra mt s6 diém co ban trong céc tiéu chudn dao dic trong nganh tham van trén thé gidi va xem xét céc finh huéng 7 *..06 thé duge goi lA vi pham dao ditc trong —“Lapratiquedel'Ethique” thuc hanh tham vin trén thé gigi, Cudi = W™snautllesunblog.fr _»,¢ing, giéi thiéu ban hop déng tham van duge soan thao bii cdc giéo su Trudng Dai hoc Mississppi. Ban hop déng duge trinh bay véi c4c khia canh php Ii cin c6 a6i véi cdc nha tham van trong qué trinh lam viée véi khdch hang. Scanned with CamScanner 220 \aao trinh THAM VAN TAM LY 1. M1 QUAN HE G1GA LUATPHAP'VA QUY BIEU DAO DUCTRONG THAM VAN D6i véi cic nganh tro gitip nhu Cong t4c x4 hi, Tam If hoc, Tam thin hoc, Tham van hay tham chf Luat hoc, céc quy diéu dao dite hanh nghé c6 nhiéu diém giéng nhau, bai vi ching déu tun theo cic muc dich hanh nghé [a bao vé con ngudi va vi sy truéng thanh cia nghé nghiép. O céc nuéc 6 nghé tro gittp phat trién nhu Hoa Ky, cde nguyén tac dao atic cla nghé tham van duge quy dinh béi Hiép héi ‘Tam If hoc Hoa Ki (APA) céng bé nam 1953 va sita déi nam 1995, Higp | hdi Nhan vién Céng tac X4 hoi Quéc gia (NASW) voi céc nguyén tic dao dite x4y dung nim 1960 va sita déi nim 1990, va Hiép h9i Tham van Hoa Ki (ACA, truéc d6 06 tén goi la Hiép hoi Tham van va Phat trién - ACAD) xéy dung cée nguyén tae dao dite cha minh nim 1961 va sta déi nim 1995. 1. Bao difc trong tham van — @ Dao dite (ethic) la nhing cAch khéc, trong quan hé tu van tam Ii, ngui wh tu van tam Ii cé duge d6i xt cong bang va hgp If hay khéng? Ho cé dat dugc hiéu qua tri liéu hay khong? Dao dic trong tham vn di xa hon 80 v6i dao dtc théng thudng trong ddi séng hang ngay, n6 khéng chi Ja vie quy dinh nha tham vin khéng lam diéu x4u cho than cha ma con dat ra vdn dé IA nha tham van da lam hét site vi Igi ich ctia than cht hay chua!, + Nguyén Tho Sinh, Tr vdn ttm lfcin bin, NXB Lao Dong (2006). Scanned with CamScanner ‘uiuuny 2.vau DUE IRUTIU {HAM YAN IAM LL 227 Sy thay déi lign tue céc khfa canh php Ii trong hanh nghé cho thy cdc tigu chudn dgo dite nghé nehitp luén, pha chiéu nihiing chuén muc cha x hi duong dai 5 nén nhimg nguyén tic dao dite phai luén stra adi cho phi hop voi sy bién déi khong ngiing cita x4 hoi} {PHAB, nganh Tam If hoc phét trién kh4 sém, ngay dau thé ky XX, |, cho cée dt su t méi dace ban hanh Con dis da c6 ba day 50 nam dao tao a vién dai hoc, png i hign nay, eterna na cl 8 “Ki giti” nt dinh vao tam hoe, 8 06 liené tré thank mot nganh dao tao déc lap va c&c nha tham van sé cé vj tri im viée nhét dinh trong cdc linh vuc site khée tam than, hoc dung, cdc trung tim tham vin cng déng... Tham van Ia nghé dic thi lién quan dén viéc trg gitp ngudi c6 khé khan tam If. Didu nay doi hdi sy “tong sdngvé dao dic” cha ngudi hanh nai Ngudi am ét trong mb tuong quan véi thén Cyne ay chi, nha tham vin & mOt mite 46 nhdt dinh 6 guyin lye trong quan hé tham vin, viée lgmi@uingquyémiye trong tham vin la phildaodicy va. khong chinh détig, vivay nha tham van phai thy igs theo céc quy Bs Scanned with CamScanner 28 Gido trinh THAM VAN TAM LY Ihgc lam c6ng téc tham van, tri igu & Viet Nam lai chuta chju nhimg quy dinh chung nay. Hi § tar n (Piglet id Tinh hinh nay din dén sy kh6ng kiém soat duge nhéing ngudi hanh nghé tham van, trjligu nén sé khé bio vé duge loi {ch cita than chit va dic biét bao vé vi tri cua nghé trg gitip trong x4 hoi. Didu tra ciia Heinlein va cng sif (2003) nha tham vin chuyén nghiép duge cdp phép va trinh d6 cao cé mic 49 chp hanh theo cdc quy chudn dao dic nghé nghiép cao hon déng ké so véi nhiing ngudi khéng 06 chiing nhin. : 2. Quan diém xay dung quy diéu dao ditenghé nghiép Gert (1988) tin ring nhiing phan xét v8 mat dao difenén dua trén mét tap hgp “nhiing chan If mang tinh toan cu”, ma da s6 nhiing ngudi cé tri tu binh thudng déu cdm th4y phat hyp. Nhiing chan If mang tinh toan cau hay nhéng nguyén tac cfc (GEREN thé xudt phat tir§ tuéng "SE, eSanEE y (ETE tho iGSTERAE va SaeaeRGNE eo 6ng, nhin chung nhiing chan Ii nay va nhiéu chan Ii khéc néfa la yéu t6 quyét dinh cho su tén tai cia x4 hoi lodi ngudi. ‘Tuy nhién, trong nhiing tinh hudng riéng biét cia mot xa hOi cy thé, viée 4p dung mét s6 chan If mang tinh ton citi nao dé cé thé khong dug coi JA ding, 1a chudn @6i voi cc nén vin h6a khéc nhau va céc thé ché chinh trj khdc nhau. Vi vay, 1 gift bi mat, ton trong than chu, khuy&n khich than chit chiu tréch nhigm van 48 cita minh, khéng lam dung than cht, bao v8 Mac dit cdc tiéu chudn dao ditc trong hanh nghé tam If 6 Viét Nam va c6 thé & nhiéu nude trén thé giGi cdn chua duge xay dug, nhung ea, Scanned with CamScanner ‘Chucng 5.940 DUCTRONG THAM VANTAM Lf 229 c4c chudn myc dao dite eta Higp h6i Tham vin Hoa Ki néi riéng, va cla céc hiép h6i tham vAn khéc trén thé giéi néi chung (nhu cia Anh, Phép, Uc...) vn duge coi JA céc tigu chudn huéng din va dénh gid nhftng hanh xt, khong chi cho céc hOi vién cla mOt quéc gia nao 46, ma cdn danh cho hu hét nhéing chuyén gia tham vAn tam If trén thé gi6i str dung. Céc tiéu chudn dao dtc nay khong chi duge ting dung trong linh vuc hanh nghé, ma tinh dai dién cia n6 cdn duge dua vio giang day chinh thite tai nhiéu trudng dai hoc, hoc vign, trung tam, eg mhiing noi cé dao tao tham vin tam I trén thé gi6i. Viec REGGAE? SIR | quyaiburayoraenghitnghigp make PAE ticquan didmanhsn vie wa a a thing nhulanl i mas jap tam I. Vi dy nhu BO Chuan myc Dao dic va Nhing n dang hung dan sit dung ctta ACA dang duge sit dung trén thé gi6i do ACA, hién théi la Hiép hoi nghé nghiép va gido duc vé tham van tam If lon nhit trén thé gidi, voi s6 lugng hdi vien cé mat trén toan thé gidi da vugt con s6 54.000 hdi vién (tinh dén 1999 - Neukrug). Duong nhut nhiing ngudi duige giao nhiém vu xay dung céc nguyén téc dao dite 4a phai d4u tranh véi nhiing nguyén tic phan Anh tiéu chudn xa hdi va chuyén mén cho di nhiing tigu chudn nay da duge got gia trong nhitng nguyén t4c mang tinh toan cau va/ hoc nhiing tiéu chudn ma nhiéu ngudi nht tri, Bat ké sy ban hanh vé mat xa hOi cia chting cé tach bigt voi mhau nhung thét la thei vi khi nhan thay nhiing nguyén tac dao dite cua ba chuyén nganh trg gidip - tam If hoc, tham vin va cong tic x4 hi - tht c4 du cing chia sé nhing tiéu chudn tuong ty khi dap ting céc myc dich chung (c6 thé tham Khao va so sdnh céc tiéu chudn dgo ditc cia Tam If hoc, Tham van hay Cong téc xa hi). ‘Tinh phap Ii ctta cdc ché:' én. tac dar Scanned with CamScanner 230 Giéo trinh THAM VAN TAM LY yaa G céc nude c6 cde nghé trg gitip phat trién; day chinh 1 sy @anh) nghé ma khi cugc tham van bj thét bai, céc nha tham van ludn c6 nguy co bj ra hau tda boi sy kién tung clia cdc thn chi va nhiing ngudi khéc (Swenson, 1993). Céc nha tham vn va céc chuyén gia. fyhique et déontologie sitc khoé tam than c6 thé bj kién theo luat dan sif hoc hinh sig khi cé nhiing vi pham quy didu dao dtc hanh nghé. Néu mét nha tham vin c6 quan’hé tinh duc véi than chit 1a vi pham phép-luat va.cé thé bj kign len toa 4n hinh su. Di céc nha tham vin nay c6 bi budc tOi vi pham hinh sy hay khong, thi than chi cing cé thé dé trinh don kién c&c nha tham van tuong tf trong céc vu t6 HS rs tung dan sy, néu cho ring nha tham vAncé —_wwwgeodtiescom méts6 hanh déng gay tén thuong tam If va/ ho&c thé chit cho than chit. Mac di cAcnguyén the dao dtc Khong phai 1a nhimng tai ligu ph4p If nhung bét ké mét nha tham van bi lién quan én mot vu kién dan su hay hinh sii thi fi guyen tae d 5 Vi du sau day JA mét trudng hop cé thuc xay ra ¢ Hoa Ki ma Neukrug da trinh bay trong cudén “Thé giéi cia nha tham van’ - 1999, v6i muc dich khuyén khich cdc giang vién day tham van dé cap cho sinh vién chuyén nganh Tham vn tho Juan. Tinh huéng can xem xét nhu sau: Mot nha tham v4n bi céo bugc vi pham dao dic vi da quan hé tinh duc v6i than chu. B4i véi nha tham van, sy vi pham nay khong don thudn 1a hanh dong vi pham nguyen tic dao dite nghé nghiép, dugc khang dinh ré rang ring: Quan hé tinh duc v6i thn chit Ia khong duge phép, vi dé 1a mt hanh vi pham luat ngh nghiép, dix bat ké than chi c6 muén hay khéng. Cdn a6i véi phép luat, day la sy vi pham mang tinh chat hinh su, néu hanh vi tinh duc bj quy la ham hiép hay cuéng hiép. Gia stt ring ngudi cé quan hé tinh duc véi nha tham vin ai 1A mét than chu c&t ma nha tham vAn da gip 3 ndm truéc day. Do Scanned with CamScanner | GuengS.90D0CTRONGTHAMVANTAMLL 28D than chi cai nay bj ngudi yéu (nha tham v4n ci) bé nén cam thAy bj | Jam dung da thua kién Jén tha 4n hinh sy nhim chéng lai nha tham : vin. Nha tham van cé thé bign Ii vé cdc nguyén tic dao ditc ca Hiép : hoi Tham van & toa 4n. Quy diéu trong phan A.7.b. cla ACA tuyén bé & vong vharnany saw KM tic hé-than ‘A, 1995a). Mac dai khong phai 1 ti liéu phép If nhung léi tuyén bé nay.c6 thé ngam gittp cho viéc t6 tung bao vé nha tham vn. Mat khdc, uy vién cong #6 sé khéng thé vin lai duge v6i ldi tuyén bé tiép theo cing duc tim théy trong nguyén tic dao dite nghé tham van rang: “Nhiing nha tham van c6 lién quan dén nhéng méi quan hé tinh duc sau 2. nam chm détt tham vin o6 tréch nhiém cung cfp tu ligu ching minh ring nhéing quan hé nhu thé khéng c6 ban chit loi dung.” (ACA, 1995a, Quy diéu A.7.b.). Nhiing sagmyennbay Il. MOT SO NGUYEN TAC BAO DUC COBAN a (1tue dich cla cdcnguyén tac dao dicnghé nghiép J Céc nguyén tac dao dtc nghé nghi¢p duge xay dying nham: ([e Béo ve than chi 7) (le Cung cép su hudng dan vé dao dite dé hé try nhing hdi vién | trong viée x4y dung mt tién trinh hanh ddng chuyén nghiép véi myc dich phuc vy t6t nh4t cho nhiing ngudi sit dung dich vy tham van dé nang lén mic cao nh&t nhiing gid tri, vj thé ciia cdc té chtte va nghé tham van chuyén nghigp. | (© Cécnguyén tic dao ditc 1a yéu t5 dé phan biét tham van nh mét nghé, khdc véi tu van hoic cdc cugc chuyén trd gitip dé khdc. Vi vay, n6 1a mét phuong tién truyén bé su chuyén nghiép héa va nhiing di higu truéng thanh ciia nghé nghiép’| Scanned with CamScanner 232 Gido trinh THAM VAN TAM LE chaong5-$ (Lang tin 1a nén ting cia m6i quan he tham vin, viéc tuan theo hon ne céc chudn myc dao dite li rit quan trong vi né aydungva day bt = | tham > ‘Ridin GaGa than cha véiinha tham van’) ! CG * Chinh thie héa nhing nguyén tée ding dé xac dinh nhiing tndy ~ vi dao dic va viéc hanh nghé mét céch t6t nh4t cia nha tham = van(Gidp céc chuyén gia duy tri tinh chinh tryc va huéng dén nhting igu Ex hanh vi duge kiém soét, phan 4nh nhiing tiéu chudn duge coi la niém muc mo uéc cia nghé nahi.) i -¢ © Tao ra mét moi tru’ing php If dé c6 thé quyét dinh nhéing tinh tuc va: thé dgo dite va chuyén mon kho khan, nhay cém. » | quan a Ce Cung c4p mét phuong tién phap Ii bao vé trong trusng hgp Tec mét chuyén gia tham van bj khiéu kién vi so sudt trong khihanhnghé | Hiép hé va la co si huéng din &é chéng lai nhiing hdi vién cia hiép h6i trong | Ki (AAC shang vin dé vi pham dao atcenghé nghitp.>) | “Ngay | . Cacnguyén tac dao diiccan ban erase Bi ¢ Git bt mat pate ea - Git bt mg | gigi han Méi c4 nbn 66 quydn sé | bi mat itu nhiing vin 42 thude v8 ban ( Thao lugn trudmg hep) thai nh than minh, vi vay thng tin cia_[4Nna tham'vdn 65 duge phép ndi vot béo cho than chi néi ra cho nha tham | tham cho la: “T6i s6 gilt bi mat, luén chj van phai duge dam bao giit bi cho ban.” Hay dua ra‘nhéing Ii 16 dam bac mat va than chu c6 quyén trong | gidithich vi sao c6 ho&e khong? | than cht dgi mét méi quan hé tin tuéng | - Nhting Joal théng tin nao ban sé Vi vay, § gitta than chi vanha tham van | cho'thén chi biét la khé 6 thé aim | | dao dec dita trén céc chudn myc dao dite | bao duye tinh bi mat? 2 nghé nghigp. ("y#4v enuan bj ba prong én a treo @ + Vige gittbi matcho than cht Goi waien chit vé nhiing van aé lién | a . a . * quan dén vigc bao dém tinh bi mat. | aaticenteiea Ben phat truyn dat nhur thé nao a6 ' hone vee * | than chi higu 16 mye dich cia viée | = Su bao mat Khuyén Knfch than | 55 mar p8ng thai gp ho hiéu déy cht: tin tudng vao méi quan he : De Ja vn dé thude vé luat nghé nghigp? tham van, do dé sé chia sé nhiéu Scanned with CamScanner Chuong 5.240 DUC TRONG THAM VAN TAM LI 233 hon nan dé cua minh. Dé git duge bi mat van dé cua than ch, nha tham van phai thyc hién cic buéc sau: (Ccusc tham van duge bé tri é noi kin do, ngudikhackhéng nghe thdy va khong quy ray. - Luu gitt hé so than chi-an toan, tranh 4é mAt dit liu hoc 1 dix Hiéu trén may tinh. Nhiing théng tin vé than cha Khong lién quan dén mye dich tham van thi khéng luu. - Giai thich cho than cht ngay tir dau cudc tham van nhiing tha tuc va quy trinh tham van, van dé gitt bi mat va nhting ngoai 1é lién quan dén tinh bao mat. _ Trong Tiéu chudn Dao dic cua Hiép héi Tham van va Phat trién Hoa Ki (AACD), Phan G Diéu 10 cé ghi: “Ngay khi bat dau dat méi quan hé tham van thinha tham van phai thong bdo r6 rang cho than chu biét nhing | gi6i han nao trong viéc dam bio tinh bi mat cia quan hé tham van. Ding théi nha tham vn céing phai thong bao cho than chit biét]a nha tham vn, luén chiu su kiém soat d6i véi viée dam bao bf mat nhiing thong tin cua than chit trong qué trinh tham van”. Vi vay, git bf mat [a mét tréch nhiém dao dtc cla ngudi lam céng tac tham thie cita quan hé hai chiéu gitta than cha va nha ‘ham van trong Gling. y6i dao dite?, Ban sa lam oghenBu. quan:;hé: c& «| han hal. ~Chidu nay. chao ‘chan’ xay. ta va. “Kh6ng thé trénh duoc? Didi gi: sé xdy- ra khi. van dé ctia than: chi. khéng: phai: la . frong. tam. trong, méi. quan hé, tham van? van\ Nha tham van chi dugc tiét 16 bi mat khi: $)"+ Than cht cho phép néi ra vn 48 cia minh, + Khi vn dé cia than chit de doa dén tinh mang cia ban than va nhiing ngudi khéc, + Khi nha tham vin bi goi ra tda cht van vé chinh van a8 nay. >Viécnha tham vin canh bdo cho than chit biét vé syhan ché cua tinh bad mat [a thuc hién nguyén tac ph4p If trong méi quan hé tham van. ‘| une “tle ud cf OBE AB Meat « Scanned with CamScanner sos ee ee ee oe een vc Than chit trong tim (Day lA nguyen tc duge dat lén hang dau trong méi quan hé tham ‘vin, than chi trong tam thé hién nha tham van khong thé cong thtfc héa van dé cia bat Ki than chit nao (cé thé cong thitc héa su kién, chr khong cOng thitc héa nh4n céch cua than cha)}Kh6ng thé c6 mot cach thtic chung, Ki thuat chung cho than cha khidén lam tham van, vi méi mét than chi JA mot trudng hop dic biét. Tién trinh tham vin phy thudc vao mic d than chu y thie vé van dé cia minh va khd nang than chu lam cht cam xtc.[Nguyén téc than cht trong tém khéng cho phép nha fham vin dé cde cam xtc cia minh bj cuén theo su kién cia than aan tham van phai di manh dé biét lap dugc véi con ngudi va vin dé cia thn chi, cing mhu du lam cho than chit an tam dé trénh 1é thudc vo nha tham van. 4, C Chdp nan than cht) Nha tham vAn chp nhan than chi véi nhiing gid tri ty tai, khdc bit hay d6i nguge véi nha tham vin, voi nhiing diém tét, diém manh hay diém xAu, diém yéu. Chdp nh4n khong cé nghia 1a déng tinh ung hG, ma 1a nhin nh4n than chi dudi géc a6 téng thé, ch4p nh4n sy tin tai von c6 nhing gi thudc vé than chid)Khi than chit cam th4y minh duge nha tham vin ch4p nhan, than cfré sé cam nhan sau hon vé ban than, cam thfy minh cé gid tri, déng duge quan tam. Khi duge la chinh minh, than chi sé khéng cdn phai “deo mat na” hay gid déi véi ban than va ngudi khéc. CAm gidc an toan gidip than chi dam béc Id duge nhfg tam su tham kin va dutong dau véi né. Ch4p nhan khéng chi biéu hién ra thai 46 bén ngoai khéng phé phan ma phii ngay & cA trong chinh cém xtc, suy nghi cia nha tham van. 4 (-Ton trong than cht) el Mi ngudi du c6 quyén duge ton | jvhd tham van néi vor than nhan cach nhu mét con ngudidéc | cht: Sao chj lai 06 thé tin lap. Ton trong JA nhiét tinh tin tuémg | v2o.ngudi chdng da timg ngudi kia nhu m6t con ngudi cé gid try | M2 61 va vo'phu voi me bit ké dja vj, dao dtic, hanh vi, nh chm | 207 91? Bang ndo thi chi . ‘. cfing quyét dint\li h6n’ voi tich cuc hay tiéu cuc noi ngudi Ay, kinh coh tanita haan Scanned with CamScanner Ghuong 5.'040 DOCTRONG THAM VAN TAM LI 235 trong ngudi dy vinhan phdm, vi cot cdch riéng biét cia ho. Ton trong JA cho moi ngudi quyén 1a chinh ban than ho va cé cc quan diém, ¥ nghi va nhiing cm gidc ring va tiép cin cdc dich vy tham Kan khong bj dinh kién vé con nguti, tinh céch, ton gido hodc1é oa) Vi du, trong Phan A.2 (Mi quan hé tham vin, diéu [I vé Tén trong nhitng khdc bigt cita ACA) tuyén bé: Céc nha tham van sé cé gang tich cuc dé hiéu nhimg kh4c biét vé nén tang van hod cia than cha -nhéing ngudi ma ho lam viéc. Digu nay bao gdm, nhung khéng bi giéi han, vigc nhén biét dugc su déng nhdt va vin hod/ dan t6c/ chiing tdc c6 anh hudng nhu thé nao dén cdc gid tri va nidm tin cua ho vé tién trinh tham van. Con trong phan: Khong phin biét d6i zit c6 ghi: Cac nha tham vin khéng tha thtt hoc khong thyc hign su phan biét d6i xtr vé tudi tdc, mau da, van hod, su tan t&t, nhém dan téc, gidi tinh, ching tOc, vin hod, xu huéng tinh duc, tinh trang hon nhan hay dia vi kinh #8 xa hoi. Nhimg nguyén tic dao dite cing Iuu y ring céc nha tham van Khong néri tham gia vao sy phan biét déi xit trong viée thué, dé bat va dao tao hay déi xi phan biét véi cdc than chi, sinh vién hodc nhing ngudi bi giém sat. Caing nhu vay, cdc nguyén tic nhdn manh dén cdc vin dé cua su thanh kién trong viéc ap dung va gidi thich trac nghiém. Cu6i cing cdc tigu chudn dao dic néi dén tim quan trong cia sy da dang trong dao tao va st dung sinh vién. 5 Cin tuéng vito khé niing tu gidi quyét cia than chi’) 1 (MBi ngudi d8u 6 quyén Iya chon va chiu tréch nhiém v8 cée quyét dinh cia minh. Nha tham van luén § thitc rang méi than cht c6 hoan canh riéng biét, khong lap lai 6 ngudi kha Qué tinh khim phi nhiing nguyén nhan tao nén van dé cita than chit phu thugc rt nhiéu 6 kinh nghiém va sy hiéu biét vin 42 cua than chit va duy nhat chi c6 than chi: méi lam duge viée nay. Nha tham vn cé thé c6 uy tin va giau kinh nghiém cfing khéng di kha nang gidi quySt duige van dé ca than chit. Mat khéc, than cht cdn duge trao quyén tu quyét dé dam bao su trudng thanh va déc lap. Scanned with CamScanner 236 Giao trinh THAM VAN TAM LY Quan diém cia C. Rogers cho rng than chi JA chuyén gia gidi nhit vé linh vyc cla hg. Vi vay, than chi c6 kha nang cao nhAt esas vige dua ra cdc quyét dinh cia minh. 7/F— - Pham chit tin tudng vao kha nang gidi quyét vin 48 cla than cht thé hién & -viée nha tham van dat ra nhing c4u hdi vé cam nghi cia than chi trong viée |"! 5 gidi quyét van dé. Céch di nay da dat (V40.ban2: 2) = thn cha vao mt hoan cénh cy thé va than chu phai ty lip trong c4ch hanh déng gidi quyét vin da. Thai dd tin tuéng cia nha tham vin sé gitip than chi nhan ra gid tr] riéng cha ban than, 4é rdi than cha bat ddu ganh ly toan bd tréch nhiém Iva chon viéc tn tai va phét trién cia minh. Nhiing su lua chon d6 sé to > (ie hop v6i tiém nang thy su ciia chinh than chu. —S \ vénguyén tac, nha tham van khong dua ra 1di khuyén mang tinh at déi voi than chu, tuy nhién néu than chit bj r6i Joan tam than, suy nhuge than kinh, khéng lam chit dure hanh vi ctta minh hoic c6 xu hung huy hoai bin than hay ngudi khéc... thi nha tham van van, 6 thé chi dong dua ra mét vai huéng 4é gidi quyét cing véi than chi Caing cin luu ¥ mét s6 than chi khi dén tham van ho ¢6 xu huéng thudc vao nha tham van, mong doi nha tham van khuyén bao diéu cin lam. Ho the su tin tuéng vao kha nang giai quyét vin d@ cia nha tham vin. Néu ho khéng nh4n duge nhiing diéu mong doi c6 thé ho sé khéng trd lai an sau. Vi vay Kinng cho Idi khuyén va Ki nang trd chuyén lam gidm suIé thugc cia thn cht vao nha tham van la hét stte can thiét 46i v6i nhiing truéng hgp nay. : (- Nha tham on Khong gin mink vio mdi quan hg of niin v6i than chit 4 ize hé tham vin 1a quan hé nghé ip, vi vay nha tham vin cin tranh moi quan hé ngoai hop déng lam vige v6i than chi, tranh dua cfc quan hé x4 héi (quan hé anh em, déng nghiép, ban ba) vao quan hé tham vin.)Trong Tid fil theio ian trata how Theo bani; khl cac gido vién day tham van & trong dai hoc nhan khéch hang /a sinh Vién cla minh thi c6 vi pham fiéu’ chudn dao dire nghé nghiép'kh6ng? Héy Il giai vt sao 66? Vi sao khéngf chudn dgo dec, p i méi quan he 1d thi nha tham v { chon tham van v6ithan chit c6 ! vin khi thutc hi hogckét théc q nha tham vin ¢ i Khi gap ki nhigm canh ba cha ngudi gin } ché ¥ d&n van i thin cha. Vin 48 1z anh duc than Khéc duge 42 dic biet G cA 1 ! dae cia Higp Ki va Higp he Nha tham van quan dén lam \ duc, hoc bé ¢ . may cla nhitr nhing ngudi nghiép. Nha ! canh bao rans than cha ma « 7 (Bao ob p 7\{ Nha thas | quétrinh tha | hovitacé thé Bao vé phic phai duge >< °6 tréch nha. Scanned with CamScanner Chuang 5.40 DUCTRONG THAM VAN TAM LI 237 chudn dgo dite, phn Quan ke tham vén B.12. c6 ghi: Khi nha tham vin cé ; méi quan hé khfc véi than cht - di 1a quan hé hanh chinh, trén duéi thi nha tham vn vdn phai dam bdo tinh khdch quan d6i v6i sy Iva i chon tham van cla than chi... Quan hé hai chidu (ban bé, ho hang...) véi than chit cé thé lam anh huténg dén tinh khéch quan cia nha tham vn khi thyc hi¢n hanh vi tham van. Vi vay, nha tham van phai trénh, | hoic két thc quan hé tham van nay bang céch gi6i thigu than chi dén mha tham vin c6 kha nang phi hop. Khi gp kh6 khiin trong viéc gidp 46, nha tham van phi c6 tréch nhi¢m cinh béo cho nhimg nguti o6 lién quan hoc tham khéo ¥ kién ctia ngudi gidm sat va ddng nghiép. Nha tham vn can thudng xuyén ch dén vin a2 luat phap, quyén cOng dan va quyén con ngudi cia i thin chi. Van d@ lam dung va quay réi tinh dyc than ché va nhimg ngudi khéc duge a8 cp va cht ¥ mot cdch dic bigt 6 cA trong nguyén tic dao dic cia Higp hOi Tham vin Hoa |-hiém.va. con 06 thé 94y:hel cho X va Higp hoi Tam It hoc Hoa ky. |:nhdng ngutt. kde nite? Ban Nha tham vin nao tham gia hay lién |-74Nh glé:mao.d0 nguy hiém oa quan dén lam dung va qudy r6i tinh | ‘deh. dng bang. ceich nao? Khi | due, hogc bé qua nhéing hanh dong | 240.10! ban sé tim.Kiém sw tham i nay cia nhimg nguit Khde dln 1a | ete mhOrd Gong, oghiee ete he hing ngudi vi pham ago dite nghé MH? (Corey) nghiép. Nha tham van cing dugc \ canh bao ring nhémg méi quan hé cé di cé lai gitta nha tham van va than chi ma cé thé din dén sy xung 46t vé loi ich thi phai tanh. (Bo up phic Ii cia thi chet 7\{ Nha tham vin phai luén dy dodn truée duge nhiing téc dong cha { | qué-trinh tham van Jén than chit va nhing ngudi 6 lién quan khéc, vi ho vira cé6 thé 1A ngudi hudng loi hoc nan nhan ctia dich vu tham vin. Bao vé phic Igi cho than chi 6 lién quan d&n mite thu phi. Mic thu phi phai durgc xem xét theo Igi ich tét nhat cla than chu va nha tham van 6 trach nhiém fim ra dutge nhimg dich vu tham vin phi hgp cho than ya Scanned with CamScanner 238 Giao trimn rian se chi. Khinh4n thy qué tinh tham van khéng dem lai hiéu qua cho than chi, nha tham vin bat buéc phaicé su gidi thiéu dén nhimg noi 6 gitp dG higu qua hon. Nhiing quyén Ioi cotban ciia than chu cin phai duge tinh dén d6i véi mét dich vu tham van Ia: c6 quyén biét vé danh tinh, bang cAp chuyén mén, kinh nghiém lam viée clia nha tham van va duge lia chon ngudi tr gittp cho minh; duge quyan biét vé tién trinh va céch thitc tiép cn déi voi vin dé cia than chi; duge nha tham vin théng bao vé nhéng han ché va nguy co‘cé thé xay ra trong qué trinh tham van; c6 quyén dugcbiét vé vise luu tri théng tin, ghi am hay sy dm bao vé bi mat vé thong tin Khi chia sé v6inha tham van va ho c6 quy’n dugc thong béo trudéc tong tung hyp théng tin vé ho budéc phai chia sé véi nhiing d6i tugng khic va than chit 6 quyén tiép tuc hay tix ch6i dich vy tham van. HL. GIGI THIEU CACTIEU CHUAN DAO DUCTRONG NGANH THAM VAN Xem xét cdc quy didu dao dite nghé tro gitip cia cAc nuGc trén thé gidi, nhu Anh, Ph4p va My, ching tdi th4y diém chung nhét cia viée xay dung cdc quy diéu dao dic 1a ton trong va bao vé quyén con ngubi. Vi du Dao Ii Hanh nghé Tam If cia Phép gdm ba phan Ién: Nhitng nguyén tic chung, Cong vige va hanh nghé, Qué trinh dao tao cha nha tam Ii. Trong a6 42 cap dén sit tn trong quyén con ngudi, tinh trung thue, tinh 46c lap, trinh 46 kha nang, trach nhigém, t6n trong muc dich, pham chAt khoa hoc. Di vi céng viée va sy hanh nghé, céc quy diéu dao ditc yéu cdu nha tam Ii hoc chi dugc hoat déng trong linh vyc lién quan dén nghiép vu duge dao tao; tranh Igi dung cutong vi c4 nhan é truc Igi c4 nhan; ton trong dng nghiép trén casi dao dic nghé nghiép; khong duge canh tranh thiéu lanh manh v6i déng nghiép va yéu cau ho gitip dé néu th4y ho cé kha nang hon minh; khéng tao dung méi quan hé nghé nghiép véi cdc than chi la ngudi quen... Quy ché dao If hanh nghé tam Ii quy dinh chi nhémg ngudi c6 chite danh nha tam If méi duge dam nhiém hoat déng dao tao. Cac nguyén tac dao ditc cha Hiép héi Tham vin - Tj ligu Anh tap trung vao b6n myc 16n nhu: Dao dic hanh nghé, huéng dan thuc hanh t6t, trién khai nghé nghiép va dwong dau véi kién tung. Scanned with CamScanner Chucng 5. 240 DUCTRONGTHAM VAN TAM LI 239 ‘Hoa KG Yiuge trinh bay khé ki, n6 bao gdm 8 phan, dugexay dung nam 1961, 4a dugc stra 48i nhiéu JAn. Cac phan chinh lién quan t6i ban than nha tham vAn, m6i quan hé gidta nha tham vn va than chi, v6i déng nghiép, véi céng chting, véi cdc hot dong dao tao, nghién cétu, xudt ban, luong gid va huéng dan gidi quyét cdc vn dé vi pham dao duc (trong 46 ba phan A, B va Cla quan trong nhdt). ~ - Phan A: Méi quan hé tham van - Phin B: Tinh bi mat, théng béo mt, va sy‘riéng tw - Phin C: Tréch nhiém nghé nghiép - Phan D: Méi quan hé véi nhiing nghé nghiép khéc - Phan B: Lugng gi, do luting, va gidi thich - Phan F: Giang day, dao tao va giém sat - Phan G: Nghién cétu va xudtban - Phan H: Gidi quyét nhiimg van dé dao die va nguyén tic hoat dong nghé nghiép. Trong khudn khé ciia chuong nay, ching t6i xin tém t&t mét sb phan chinh cia ban Quy dinh vé dao ditc nghé nghiép cia Hiép hoi Tham vin Tam li Hoa Ky. Os dinh vé dao détc nghé nghiép ciia Hiép hdi Tham vn Tam If 1, Vé méi quan hé tham van Phan nay bao gm mot s6 muc lién quan d&n trach nhiém cia nha tham vin va quyén cita than chu. D6i véi nha tham van, nhing yéu cdu nhu: ton trong ph4m gid va thitc day quyén Ioi cia than chit, ton. trong sy kh4c biét va tinh da dang ca than chu; khong dugc tham van cho ngudi quen biét; khong duge quan hé tinh cam, tinh duc véi than chi? Nha tham vin y thitc duge nhu cdu va gié tri bin than dé khong. 4p dit Ién than chi va khong duge bé roi than chi khi dang trong qué trinh tham vn. Trong truéng hop nha tham vin nhan th4y minh Khéng du kha nang gitp do than chi thi phai gi? thiéu ho t6i nha tham van khéc c6 kha nang gitip dé ho va cn chudn bj tinh than cho than chit khicé sy thay ddinay. Ngoai ra, nha tham vin khong duge c6 Scanned with CamScanner ree eee os See 240 Gido trinh THAM VAN TAM LY chuong 5.8. nhiing hanh vi phan biét d6i xi véi than cht do sy khéc biét vé ching - duge 16 t6c, mau da, vin hod, nhém dan t6c, su 6m yéu tan tat, giéi tinh, ton : hangcS gido, dinh huéng tinh duc, tinh trang hon nhan, vi thé kinh té x4 hdi. 1 gnyéu Dé tanh khong gay anh huéng t6i méi quan hé tham vin dost j Khach h2 khdc biét vin héa, nha tham vin phai chi ddng tu nang cao sy hiéu biét nha than vé céc nén vin héa khéc nhau, nhAt la nhimg yéu t6 van héa da anh intied§ t hung t6i gid tri cf nhan cia than chi. Nha tham van can trnh khong Déit tham v4n cho ngudi quen, ngudi than cla cic ding nghiép. Vé vin dé i thong tin “@nh cam than mat’, nha tham vdn khéng dugc c6é méi quan hé tinh i van, cing cam yéu duong hay quan hé tinh duc véi than chit ft nhdt trong khoang nhiing qu thoi gian 2ndm ké tit khi két thtic méi quan hé tham vn. Nha tham van i ghichép, khong duge phép six dung vi tri ctta minh dé dp dat hay ép buéc than : cing can j chi trong bit cit viée gi, dic biét A sy loi dung tién bac tixthan chi thong =| bao mat, 1 qua viéc nhan qua, biéu qua hay kéo dai thoi gian tham van dé thu phi... viéc bao v D6i véi quyén cua than chi, thin chi: duge quyén biét vé tién thong tin. trinh va céch thitc 4p dung cia nha tham vn trong qué trinh tham phai dug van; Than ch cé quyén duge gitt bi mat vé théng tin ho chia sé vi j 3.Trdch ahi nha tham vin, va ho 6 quyén duge théng béo truéckhinhathamvén bu6c phai chia sé thong tin véi m6t d6i tugng khéc. Than chi c6 quyén biét nhing théng tin vé nha tham van, nhu bing cp, chuyén mén sau nghé nghi cia nha tham van va c6é quyén Iya chon hay chm dit méi quan hé minh. Nha tham vAn. Than chu c6 quyén biét vé nhiing han ché vanguy coco thé | trong

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