Step 1:

Step 2:

∑Fx =0

∑Fy = -20 – (2 x 10) + Rc + Re = 0

= -40 + Rc + Re = 0 ……. Eqtn 1

∑Mc = Anti-Clockwise Moment is negative (Taking moment about C)

= -(20 x 2) – (10 x 0.5) + (10 x 0.5) – Re = 0

= Re = -20kN

Substituting values into equation (1)

Rc = 60kN

Step 3:

STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LECTURE NOTE 24

Step 4:

Step 5:

Step 6:

STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LECTURE NOTE 25

Steps to Drawing BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Here are the steps to draw a bending moment diagram:

1. Draw a horizontal line to represent the beam and divide the line by putting points at
the following locations:
 At the point loads locations
 At the beginning and at the end of UDL
 At the reaction locations.
2. Calculate the reaction forces by using the following basic equations:
 ΣFx = 0
 ΣFy = 0
 ΣM = 0
3. Start drawing bending moment diagram from any of the extreme ends. Draw a
horizontal line of same length as the value of applied moment at the point. If
moment acting on the point is clockwise then the horizontal line should go
downward or else upward.
4. Unless there is an UDL acting a vertical line to be drawn till we reach the next point
on the beam.
5. See what kinds of load acting on the next point. If it is point load then horizontal line
from the end point of the already drawn BMD. If UDL is acting up to the next point,
then there will be an inclined line. And the slope of the inclination can be calculated
as: Force per unit length x Distance.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 until you reach the other end of the beam.

FROM THE ABOVE EXAMPLE, DRAW THE BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

Step-1: Get the Reaction Forces: While creating shear force diagram of the beam you
already have calculated the vertical reaction forces at different points as below:
Rc = 60 KN
Re = -20 KN
These reaction forces will be useful for calculating the bending moments at different points
on the beam.

Step-2: Sign Convention: The bending moment, which will cause “sagging” to the beam, will
be considered positive and the bending moment, which cause “hogging” to the beam, will
be considered negative. We will consider this sign convention for the rest of this article.
Step-3: Calculate the Bending Moments: You need to calculate the bending moments at the
different points on the beam. For calculating that you need to start from the extreme left
(point A) and gradually you have to approach toward right hand side support (point A). You
will use the following formula :

STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LECTURE NOTE 26

Bending moment (M) = (Force) X (Distance between the point of application of the force
and the point at which you need to calculate the bending moment (BM))

BM @ A:
Ma = -20 * 0 = 0

BM @ B:
Mb = -20 * 1 = – 20 KN-M

BM @ C:
Mc = bending moment due to the 20KN force + bending moment due to the
10KN\M UDL

= – 20 * (1+1) – (10*1*0.5) = – 45 KN-M

BM @ D:
Md = BM due to the 20KN force + BM due to the 10KN \ M UDL + BM due to the reaction
force Rc

= – 20 * (1+1+1) – (10*2X1) + (60*1) = -20 KN-M

BM @ E:
Me = BM due to the 20KN force + BM due to the 10KN \ M UDL + BM due to the reaction
force Rc

= – 20 * (1+1+1+1) – (10*2X2) + (60*2)= 0

Step-4: Plot the Bending Moments: Just now you have calculated the BM values at different
points of the beam, now plot the values and you will get the bending moment diagram like
below:

STRENGTH OF MATERIAL LECTURE NOTE 27