Practice: Codominance and Incomplete Dominance 1. Practice setting up keys for the phenotypes listed in each set. Remember that the "medium" trait must always be heterozygous. a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped BB WwW BW feathers. b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red. rr, Rr, RR c) A Hoo can have curly hair, spiked hair, or a mix of both curly and spiked. cc SS es e d) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short SieTmnaTe ee e) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white. Bw BB WW 2. Now, can you figure out in the above list, which of the letters represent codominant traits and which are incomplete dominance? Codominant_@,¢,@ incompletely Dominant__b, A Blood Type ae eh up Aniiove ott Blood type is controlled by 3 alleles: A, B, and O. A & B are codominant, O is recessive. 1. a) What are tte {uo genotypes possible for a person who as A blood? ree ALB b) What genotype does a person with AB blood have?_I" I c ) What genotype does a person with O blood have? aay .. d) What are the two genotypes possible for a person who as B blood? —C® T ie 2. Aman with type AB blood is married to a woman also with type AB blood. What percentage of their children will have: i Ablood? 57. Bblood? 25"b O blood _O AB blood 50 7%. A 8 ofp piel ee3. A man has type B blood (genotype BB) is married to a woman with type O blood. What blood pe will all their children have? __‘B What is the genotype of the children? L 4. Awoman with type A blood (genotype AO) is married to a type B person (genotype BO). What proportion of their children will have: Ablood? 25% B blood? 25/0 blood 25% AB blood _ 257% aoe 5. A woman with type A blood is claiming that a man with type AB blood is the father of her child who is type B. Could this man be the father of the child? __ Yes Show the possible crosses; remember that the woman can have AA or AO genotypes. a. Assuming that he is the father, what must the mother’s genotype be? IC" TA Te Te Te rer [ a os Dh efaa) | stegteg \ pies 6. Aman with type AB blood is married to a woman with type O blood. They have two natural children and one adopted child. Jane has type A blood, Bobby has type B blood, and Grace has type O blood. Which child was adopted? ___ Grace. = = Their nadoral children con nly haye “Type om Type 8 blood .10.) A wealthy elderly couple die together in an accident. Soon a man shows up to claim their fortune, saying that he is their only son who ran away from home as a boy. Other relatives dispute his claim. Hospital records show that the deceased couple were type AB and O respectively. The claimant to the fortune was type O. Could he be their son? Explain es This couple can only have Type A or Type B off: oFFspridg. Th This man cals net be. theie Son. SMILEYS GENETICS In smileys, the shape of the eye is controlled by multiple alleles, much like blood types. The smileys pictured show the four possible phenotypes. It is known that the star and dot eyes are{codominantland the square eyes is a recessive trait. Assign genotypes to each of the smileys pictured. (Hint: Use blood type genotypes to help you) 7. Show Genotypes eee ere” Steny es dot se a2 12) © 8. If a star-eyed smiley (homozygous) is crossed with a dot-eyed smiley (also homozygous) what will all of their offspring look like? 9. If the pair in the cross above were both heterozygous, what percentage of the offspring will be: Starry Star-dot 25% pot 25% Square _2S7- Sh p> i aa e |10. If a starry-dot eyed smiley is crossed with a square eyed smiley what percentage of the offspring will be: 5 Starry SOD _ Star-dot_O Dot_SO_ Square _O ] |e Eves ee s 6 5 > eel ere. Est: 11. If two starry-dot eyes smileys are crossed, what percentage of the offspring will be: Starry 2S Star-dot_ 50 Dot_2S” Square O a E> s srs Ee lbs ScD Bae > Se55 ss Determine the genotypes of the following Sunnys. It is a multiple allele trait, spiked and circles are codominant and the bare trait is recessive. s¢s® _» spikes + airdeo re ic ; 12, Show genotypes SS; S's ~7 circles 9555 Sts > spites ss —> bore. 13. If a spiked sunny (heterozygous) is crossed with a bare sunny, what percentage of the offspring will be bare? What percentage will be spiked? SO = x ees14, Ifa spike-circle sunny is crossed with a heterozygous spike sunny, how many of the offspring will be spiked? __ 50 How many will be circles? 25 How many will be spike-circles? 2S" 15. A female sunny who is spiked is married to a male sunny who is circle. They have a child who is EN bere, Wha] must be the genotypes of the two parents? S's and Chelereeygoss = Human Sex Linkage 6. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will either have the disease or not (but they won't ever be carriers) x"x"'= female, normal X"Y= male, normal X"x"= female, carrier XX" = female, hemophiliac "Y= male, hemophiliac Show the cross of a man who has hemophilia with a woman who is a carrier. x oy, What is the probability that their children will have the disease? 50. 7. Awoman who is a carrier marries a normal man. Show the cross. What is the probability that their children will have hemophilia? What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be? y x y boyxty 8. A woman who has hemophilia marries a normal man. How many of their children will have hemophilia, and what is their sex? 9 boys. X-Linked Genetics in the Calico Cat Calico is a coat color found in cats, which is caused by a SEX-LINKED, CODOMINANT allele BR = calico The following genotypes are possible; Female cats can be black X®X®, orange X"X®, or calico X®xR Male cats can be black X®Y or orange X°Y Show each of the crosses below and include the phenotypic ratios of the offspring. 1. Ablack male cppssed a ag as i 2 calico female. + 2 orange, Imate- x Lex®_ | xeY x* [Lxex® Lexy 2. An orange male,crossed with a calico female orange female : (black. mx x®{ xFx® [| xP 1 calico female = ae mere : ie Xe eee XY, — 3. A black male crossed with a black female x 2 black female: > black, mae eee [Dee ye Lyte? y’y 4, An orange male crossed with an orange female xe = female > Lo mote ‘| 2 orange a ere xe) xe a ORE8 : 8 \ black femate: | black moe? za eo | calico female « oan xk eer 5. A black male crossed with a calico — “if you are a cat breeder, what type of parents should you choose to have the MOST number of calico kittens? black role + orange. female . 3. In goats, a recessive gene causes the goats to "faint" when they are startled. A farmer breeds two goats (that have never fainted) and their first offspring faints two days after its birth. What must the parent's genotypes have been? Show the cross to prove it F = normt re f= fainter is Fal atl cad C Ff fF | fainter 4. In guinea pigs, short hair is dominant to long hair. Also in guinea pigs, black eyes are dominant to red eyes. A male guinnea pig that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a female that is long haired and red eyed. What are the expected phenotypes of their offspring and in what proportion? ase He shock har Be black mole: Hh Bb — femle hhbb ae a nee hb, hb hb, ~ hb He Hh _ be AB hhbb aa fon nee \ short black: \short a {Yong black * | long re5. If both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what are the expected phenotypes of their offspring and in what proportion? (You do not need to show a punnett square for this one) O31 a smd et a ee Ue 6. In horses, trotter (T) is dominant over pacer (t). Straight manes (H) are dominant cover curly manes. (h) TTHH, TTHh, TEHH, TEHh CN ht G- seh saa a ath pap ben, Hb sa Et Ghats goncWned ctalerthatumsse eee Tena on Lehn par curly 7. Acurly maned pacer horse is mated to one who is homozygous dominant for both traits, What would you expect their offspring to look like? (It may be helpful to reference the genotypes from #6) tthh x TTHH erat Mama (tater lati thi teh | | th +- th | \ th | AIL straight mone Hotes. 8. If you have two horses that are both heterozygous for both traits — trotting and mane. What ratio of the offspring would you expect to be curly maned and a pacer? ! lo9. In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. PorrxppRr | BR ec ee lee ae FoR Fore Pp Pore 5 Pe | PRr | pore | PeRr [Pore pr} ppRr | pprr_{ppBcpprr Pr | ppRe | pre |ppReippre How many offspring are purple with wrinkled seeds? ty ft EB Pr Pr prc pc pe foe | Pee apie pee PR | Pee | Ppt | pee | geen a = Rr PpRr | ppRe Pope | PeRr | ppRr | pPRr e R How many offspring are purple with round seeds? _ Me ere oR er Dera eDey pr | PpRe Porr pect pert _er_| Bp Br | Pore |ppRet ppc How many offspring are white with wrinkled seeds? -P& (pRe | Fore |ppRel gare pr PoRe | Pace Upper pprrImportant Background Information for Question #7: (This is a challenge!) In fruit flies, humans and other mammals, sex is determined by an X-Y system. However,many organisms do not have the X-Y system of sex determination. For example, birdshave a Z-W system. Male birds are ZZ, where as females are ZW. 7. In chickens, barred feathers (Zs) are dominant over nonbarred feathers (Zu). a, Draw a Punnett square that shows the results of across between a barred female and anonbarred male, 767 ze b. What is the probability that the offspring will be: Barred females? Zew i .Nonbarred females? 2. BOWE ZEW BzB iii, Barred males?__2 #8 Z® or Z°Z iv. Nonbarred males?__ QZ Z®