ZERAKI ACHIEVERS’ EXAMINATIONS (2023)

CHEMISTRY
FORM ONE
TERM THREE

MARKING SCHEME

1. A Bunsen burner is one of the sources of heat used in a chemistry laboratory. Study
the type of Bunsen burner flame shown below and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name the parts labelled F and H. (1mark)

F pale blue outer region

H the chimney
(ii) Describe an experiment that would confirm that the region labelled G is
unsuitable for heating. (2marks)
Insert a hard glass tube into region G and ignite at the other end. A small flame
is observed, indicating that the innermost part consist of unburnt gas particles.

2. Indicators are some of the substances used in a chemistry laboratory during the study
of properties of acids and base.
(a) What are acid-base indicators? (1mark)
A substance which gives a definite colour in an acid and another different definite
colour in a base.

(b) Flower extracts can be used as acid – base indicators. Describe how to obtain
flower extracts for use as simple acid-base indicators. (2marks)
Crush the flower petals in a mortar using a pestle. Add propanone as you continue
to crush. Decant into another beaker, and use as an indicator.

1
3. (a) Define the term rust and give its chemical name. (2marks)
Rust is the brown coating on the surface of iron metal. Its chemical name is hydrated
iron(III)oxide
(b).Explain why galvanizing rather than tinning is a better method of preventing
rusting (2marks)
tin is less reactive than iron hence rusting continue to occur when the tin layer is
scratched while zinc is more reactive than iron hence zinc continues to protect iron
even if the zinc layer is scratched.

4. Distinguish between each of the following:

(a) Universal solvent and solute (2marks)
Universal solvent is a liquid which dissolves all solids. A solute is the solid which
dissolves in the solvent.
(b) A mixture and a compound (2marks)
A mixture is a group of two or more substances physically combined. A compound is a
group of two or more elements chemically combined.

5. The diagram below is a set up used to investigate the effect of heat on hydrated
copper (II) sulphate. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Why is the boiling tube slanted as shown? (1mark)

To prevent water vapour from flowing back into the hot boiling tube and cause
cracking
(b) What is observed in the boiling tube? (1mark)
Blue hydrated copper (II) sulphate changes to white.

2
 (c) Identify liquid G (1mark)
Water
(d) What is the role of ice-cold water? (1mark)
To condense the water vapour back into liquid

6. Chromatography is one of the methods used in separation of mixtures. A green

colouring material was placed at the center of a circular piece of paper and allowed to
dry. Drops of a solvent were then added to the center of the filter paper and
eventually two circles were produced as shown below.

(a) Name a process by which dilute extract could have been made more
concentrated. (1mark)
Evaporation
(b) Name a suitable piece of apparatus for adding drops of the solvent to the
center at a controlled rate? (1mark)
A dropper
(c) What properties make the components of the green colouring material to
separate out? (2marks)
Difference in solubilities on the solvent used
Level of stickiness on the filter paper used
7. Write word equations for each of the following reactions.
(a) Burning of carbon in air to obtain carbon(IV)oxide (1mark)
Carbon + oxygen → Carbon (IV) oxide
(b) Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on zinc metal to obtain zinc chloride and
hydrogen gas. (1mark)
Zinc + Hydrochloric acid → Zinc (II) chloride+ Hydrogen gas

3
 (c) Give one importance of using chemical symbols to represent elements (1mark)
Chemical symbols are universally known and accepted by scientists all over the
world.

8. An analytical chemist working on food substances A,B,C and D suspected to contain

trace elements that could boost the immune system of HIV-AIDS of patients Peter,
Mary, Jane and John on diets A,B,C and D respectively. Jane showed remarkable
improvement on her immune system. Study the chromatogram of the food substances
shown below and answer the questions that follow.

On the chromatogram above:

(a) Circle the trace element responsible for improving Jane’s health. (1mark)
(b) Circle the trace element found in Peter’s diet only (1mark)
(c) Indicate the solvent front, using a dotted line. (1mark)
9. A mixture of magnesium powder and lead (II) oxide will react vigorously when
heated but no reaction occurs when a mixture of magnesium oxide and lead powder
are heated.
(a) Explain the observations above. (2 marks)
Magnesium is more reactive than lead hence removes combined oxygen from lead
(II)oxide, while lead is less reactive than magnesium hence cannot remove combined
oxygen from magnesium oxide.
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and lead (II) oxide.
(1 mark)
Magnesium + Lead (II) oxide →Magnesium oxide + Lead

4
 (c) From (b) above, identify the;
(i) Oxidized substance. (1 mark)
Magnesium
(ii) Oxidizing agent. (1 mark)
lead (II) oxide
(d) What name is given to such a reaction which occurs above? (1 mark)
. redox
10. A certain indicator was added to a solution. The pH value on the scale that was used
with this indicator was read as 6.5
a) Name the indicator. Universal indicator (1mark)

b) State the nature of the solution. Weakly acidic (1mark)

c) Why is the above indicator a better indicator than other common indicators used
in the laboratories? (1mark)
It gives the strength of the solutions
11. Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.

a) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in chamber with magnesium
powder. (1mark)
Magnesium + Nitrogen → Magnesium Nitride
b) Name one gas, which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder. Give
a reason for your answer. (2marks)
Argon; its inert.
12. Ayuya accidentally contaminated iron (III) chloride with sodium chloride and iron
filings. Describe how he can separate and obtain pure samples of each substance from
the mixture. (3marks)
- Pass a magnet over the mixture repeatedly to attract the iron fillings
- Heat the remaining mixture and cool the vapours to collect alluminium (III)
chloride sublimate
- Collect sodium chloride as the residue.
-

5
13. The set up below was used to investigate the reaction between dry hydrogen gas and
copper(II)oxide.

(a) Name substance A and give its purpose. (1mark)

Anhydrous Calcium Chloride
(b) State and explain the observation made in the combustion tube (2marks)
Black copper (II) oxide change to red brown; due to reduction of copper (II)
oxide to copper.

(c) Write a word equation for the reaction which occurred in the combustion tube.
(1mark)
Copper (II) oxide + hydrogen →Copper +water
14. Classify the following processes as either chemical or physical. (3marks)
Process Type of change
Heating of copper(II) sulphate crystals Chemical
Obtaining Kerosene from crude oil Physical

Souring of milk Chemical

15. When magnesium was burnt in air, two solid mixtures were formed. On addition of water
to the mixture, a gas which turned moist red litmus paper to blue was evolved. Use word
equations to explain the two observations. (3marks)
Magnesium burns in air to produce magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride.
Magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
Magnesium + nitrogen →magnesium nitride
The gas evolved is ammonia gas i.e

6
Magnesium Nitride + water →magnesium hydroxide +ammonia gas
16. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name substance Y (1mark)

Carbon(IV)oxide

(b) Why is dry ice preferred by ice cream vendors in their cold boxes over ordinary ice?
(1mark)
It sublimes leaving no wetness. Ordinary ice wets the surface in which it is put.
17. The table below shows the pH values of some solutions.
Solutions A B C D

PH 13.0 7.0 2.0 6.5

(a) Which solution reacts vigorously with magnesium metal? Explain. (1 mark)
C; it is strongly acidic
(b) Which solution is likely to be that of lemon juice? (1 mark)
D;
(c) Which solution is likely to produce green colour with the universal indicator. (1 mark)
B
18. The diagram below shows three methods for collecting gases in the laboratory

7
 (a) Name the methods A and B. (1mark)
A Downwards delivery or upwards displacement of air

B Over water method

(b) From the methods above, identify one that is suitable for collecting Hydrogen.
Explain. (2 mark)
B; hydrogen gas is insoluble in water.
19. In an experiment to determine the proportion of oxygen in air, copper turnings were
packed in excess in a long combustion tube connected to two syringes of 110cm3each
in volume. At the beginning of the experiment, syringe R contained 110cm3 of air
while syringe M was closed and empty as shown.

Air was passed over the heated copper slowly and repeatedly until there was no further
change in volume. 97.5cm3 of air remained in syringe M.
(a) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1marks)
Brown copper turnings changes to black.
(b) If the volume of air in the combustion tube at the beginning of the experiment was
23.8cm3 and at the end of the experiment reduced to 10cm3, calculate the percentage
of the active part of air. (2marks)
𝟐𝟔.𝟑
𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟔%
𝟏𝟑𝟑.𝟖

8
20. State and explain the changes in mass that occur when the following are heated
separately in open crucibles. Write a word equation for each reaction.
(a) Sodium metal (2marks)
The mass increases; sodium combines with oxygen, to form sodium oxide, which is of a
higher mass
(b) Sodium nitrate (2marks)
The mass decreases; due to decomposition of sodium nitrate to yield oxygen gas, which
escapes

21. The setup below was used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory

a) Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of hydrogen gas can be collected
(2 marks)
b) Write a word equation for the reaction which occurs in the round bottomed flask
(1mark)
Zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen gas
c) Name a substance which may be added into the flask to speed up the production of
the hydrogen gas (1mark)
Copper (II) sulphate crystals
22. You are given samples of pure and impure water in beakers that are not labelled.
Explain one simple experiment you can use to distinguish between the two. (2marks)
- Heat each sample separately, to boiling, and determine their boiling points.
- The pure sample boils at a fixed temperature while the impure sample boils over a
range of temperatures above the boiling point

9
23. Complete the table below by indicating the observations and the type of permanent or
temporary change which occurs. (3marks)
Experiment Observations Type of Change
Heating candle wax Melts into liquid, which Temporary
strongly in a test tube changes back to solid on
cooling
Anhydrous Changes from white to Temporary
copper(II)sulphate is left blue
exposed overnight
Iron wool is soaked in tap Brown coat on the Permanent
water for two days. surface of the iron wool

24. Study the set up below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the substance that was collected in tube P. (1mark)

Water
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction which occurs in tube Q in the first few
minutes of the experiment. (1mark)
Calcium hydroxide + carbon (II) oxide →calcium carbonate + water.
(c) Give a suitable conclusion for the experiment in the set up. (1mark)
Burning candle contains hydrogen and carbon atoms only

10