RECTIFIER

 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

•Inputs: -Sinusoidal waveform

-Square wave

•This circuit is called half-wave rectifier, which generate waveform vo that will
have an average value of particular use in the ac-to-dc conversion process.

•The diode only conducts when it is in forward bias,

therefore only half of the AC cycle passes through the diode.
 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

•The diode that employed in the rectification process is typically

referred to rectifier.
•The diode only conducts for one-half of the AC cycle. The remaining
half is either all positive or all negative. This is a crude AC to DC
conversion.
•The DC Voltage out of the diode :
Vdc = 0.318Vm
where Vm = the peak voltage
Half wave rectified signal
 Example

• Page 71 - Example 2.18 (ideal and silicon diode)

 Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)

•
 The voltage corresponding to point marked ‘knee’ is called the peak inverse
voltage (PIV).
 If the applied reverse bias voltage is too great that it exceeds the rated PIV,
avalanche breakdown may occur in the diode. This can permanently damage the
diode.
 FULL WAVE

• Bridge Network
• Center Tap Transformer
 Full Wave- Bridge Network

• The dc level obtained from a sinusoidal input can be improved 100%

using a process called full-wave rectification.
• The most familiar network is bridge configuration with 4 diodes.

Vdc = 0.636 Vm
Operation of Bridge Network
Positive Half
Cycle

Negative Half
Cycle
 Determining Vo for silicon diodes in the bridge
configuration

The effect of using a silicon diode with VD=0.7 is

demonstrated in below figure. The dc level has change to:
 Example
Determine the output waveform for the network below and
calculate the output dc level.
 Solution
Conduction path for the +ve region

Using Voltage divider Rule:

 Solution
Conduction path for the -ve region

Using Voltage divider Rule:

Full Wave- Center Tapped
Transformer
 Operation of Center Tapped
Transformer

During the positive cycle of vi applied to the primary of the transformer the
network will appear as shown in figure. D1 assumes the short-circuit
equivalent and D2 the open-circuit equivalent, as determined by the secondary
voltages and the resulting current directions.
 Operation of Center Tapped
Transformer

During the negative cycle of vi, reversing the roles of the diodes (D2 is
short-circuit) but maintaining the same polarity for the voltage across the
load resistor R.
 Example
Show the voltage waveform across the secondary winding
and across R when an input sinusoidal is applied to the
primary winding.
 Solution

The transformer turns ratio = 0.5.

The total peak secondary voltage
is,Vp(sec) = nVp(pri) =
0.5(100)=50V.
There is a 25 V peak across each of
the secondary with respect to
ground.
Rectifier Circuit Summary
 Exercise
1. Suppose the voltage from a power outlet is 140 Vrms.
What is the peak voltage?
2. A step-down transformer has a turns ratio of 6:1. If the
primary voltage is 120 Vrms, what is the secondary
voltage?
3. Suppose a step-down transformer has a turns ratio of
5:1. if the secondary current is 2 Arms, what is the
primary current?
4. If Vs = 120V, f = 60Hz, the transformer has turns ratio
of 5:1, determine:
a. The peak primary voltage
b. The peak secondary voltage