Initial elements for the development of the decimal and binary relational

analysis technique

Jhon Jairo Mosquera Rodas

Abstract

The research proposes the initial elements for the development of the decimal and binary
relational analysis technique, considering the different types of relationships and correlations
that are presented in the statistical context, adhering to the concept of the world of life or
reality as it is presented in the statistical reality of the research.

In addition to the above, the relational analytical proposals for the variable-categories in the
qualitative territory are presented in correspondence with the variable-category blue hair,
variable-category violet hair together with the analysis of the intensity of the relationship.
Furthermore, the homogeneous, pure, and heterogeneous relationship is described, together
with the direct proportionality relationship and the data analysis for the analysis of
quantitative variable-categories in the complex statistical context. Finally, the synthesis of
the complex statistical context is presented in an extended bit matrix that allows the
relationship of the variable-categories to be seen as they appear.

Key words: variables, categories, relationships, binary system.

Introduction

The research presents several techniques for the analysis of frequencies for quantitative
variables and qualitative categories, as a different way to address the problem of the lack of
clarity in the relationships established between them, in addition to the above, it focuses on
the analysis of the intensity of the relationship, its form in correspondence with the binary

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system providing the levels of relationship that exist through a bar that allows to understand
the relationship between the variables. This is one of the most important aspects of general
statistics to date.

In the study it is frequent to find the apparent confusion between variable and category, all
this in the search of a common term that allows to generate clearer and clearer relations
between these categories that in real life are presented in a warp of relations of homogeneous
or heterogeneous character all immersed in a complex statistical context.

Metodology

An exploratory type of research is carried out by Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado,
C., & Baptista Lucio, P. (2014) and Swedberg, R. (2020), applied to the relational analysis
of variables and categories, using the comparison of the measurement capacity of the former,
in relation to the interpretative capacity of the latter, seeking to obtain the complex formal
analysis, from the analysis-interpretation, based on the binary system as the basis of the
communication process between both possibilities of measurement-interpretation.

1. Relational analytical proposals for variables in the qualitative territory

The different options for the relationship between the variables and how to apply them
depending on the need of the research are presented below.

Case 1.
Step 1. Frequency analysis for qualitative categories
A frequency table including binary numbers and decimal numbers is made.
Yi Tabulation ni Ni hi
Decimal Natural Binary Fraction Degrees
Black (N) 17 n. of times 17 17 0.57 57 00111001 17/30 205.2
Blue (Az) 6 n. of times 6 23 0.20 20 00010100 6/30 72.0
Violet (R) 7 n. of times 7 30 0.23 23 00010111 7/30 82.8
Total - 30 - 1 0 1 360
Source: own elaboration.

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Step 2. Application of the relationship intensity formula.
Variables Rhete Rhom Rp (1-0) Matriz de bits Área de la Relación con
cuadrícula otras
variables
Black (N) 0.57 - 00111001 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0,02375 0,19
Blue (Az) 0.23 - 00010100 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0,009583 0,0766666
666666667
Violet (V) 0.20 - 00010111 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0,008333 0,0666666
666666667
Total 1 - 0,276225 0,276225
Source: own elaboration.

= intensity of the relationship between the variables.

= the intensity of the relationship has to do with the decimal difference between
variable 1 and variable 2, or the number of variables to be measured, divided by the
number of possible relationships on the scale (RP), being the natural intensity constant
possible between the variables. The formula would be:

The correction factor is

=0.57-0.23-0.20 always 11
________ = 0.14
11
= 0,0127272727272727
I divide by 9, which on the natural intensity scale is the number of possible relationships
that can be established between 2 or more variables.

Step 3. Check
Starting from the frequency table, the conversion from decimals to binary is made and
compared with the bitmap.

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Formula for Relational Bitmap (Line Art)1

Where:

Amb= Bit matrix area.

hi= relative frequency.

A. Black hair variable

c= sum of the grids.

= 0,02375 this result is the area of each grid of the horizontal line of the matrix.

Now it multiplies
0,02375 by the number of grids, this will be the value of the linear relationship of the black
hair variable.
0,02375 X 8= 0,19 is the relationship of the black hair variable (0.57) with the other
variables, being Inaccurate as this type of relationship does not allow the adjustment to the
value with respect to the other variables compared. (See the type of relationship in the level
matrix).

B. Variable-category blue hair

= 0,0095833333333333 this result is the area of each grid of the second horizontal line of
the matrix.

Now it multiplies

1
This gives a more complete picture of the relationship of the variables on a visual level, as if the variables
were drawn using line art.

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0,0095833333333333 by the number of grids, this will be the value of the linear relationship
of the black hair variable.

0,0095833333333333X 8= 0,0766666666666667 is the relationship of the black hair

variable (0.23) with the other variables, being imperfect as it has the minimum degree of
similarity and uniformity between the variables compared.

C. Variable-category violet hair

= 0,0083333333333333 this result is the area of each grid of the second horizontal line of
the matrix.

Now it multiplies
0,0083333333333333 by the number of grids, this will be the value of the linear relationship
of the black hair variable.
0,0083333333333333X 8= 0,0666666666666667 is the relationship of the black hair
variable (0.23) with the other variables, being Imperfect as it has the minimum degree of
similarity and uniformity between the variables compared.
Verification: In this way, both the linear correlations with respect to the relationships with
the area are heterogeneous, as 3 variables are mixed: black hair variable, inaccurate
relationship; blue hair variable, inaccurate relationship; blue hair variable, inaccurate
relationship; and blue hair variable, inaccurate relationship, imperfect relationship; violet
hair variable, imperfect relationship.
Now:
amb= Ramb2 (v1+v2+v3…) will give the type of relationship, focusing on the type of
elements that compose it.
Then the sum of the ratios of the squares to the area is 0.276225 if you look in the ratio
level table, this figure corresponds to the heterogeneous ratio.

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Complex relationship that at the mathematical level allows correspondence between various elements of
the statistical context of the data.

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Step 4. Measuring the type of relationship by its components

Table 2. Relational measurement.

Rhom Rp (1-0) Rhete
0.9 1 0 0.5
0.8 1 0 0.4
0.7 1 0 0.3
0.6 1 0 0.2
1 0 0.1
Source: own elaboration.

The procedure is simple, you look in the table of the relationship level, the type of
relationship according to the decimal number you have as a result.
Rp= pure relationship. Rhom= homogeneous relationship. Rhete= heterogeneous
relationship.

1.1 Analysis of the intensity of the relationship

In this case the intensity of the ratio is 0.012727272727272727272727 is in the row of the
pure ratio.

Step 5. Relationship level table

The level of intensity of the relationship is measured from the binary system where o is the
lowest level and 1 is the highest level, the gradation of this relationship is determined by
the interval that exists between o and 1, but on a decimal scale. This is the primary or
natural relationship between the variables-categories.

Table 1. Baresmus of relationship levels.

Level of the relationship Binary
indicator
1 Perfect= Having the maximum degree of similarity and Pure Mayor
uniformity between the variables being compared. relationship número de
bit 1
0.9 Exact= Ratio that allows the closest possible fit to the value of the 0.9
compared category(ies) variable(s).
0.8 Valid= Relationship that has the ability to produce a certain effect 0.8
on the variable(s) compared category (ies).

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 0.7 Reliable= Relationship that has the ability to generate an 0.7
acceptable level of confidence between the compared category- Homogeneou
variable(s). s relationship
0.6 Point = A relationship that has the capacity to generate a level of 0.6
detail and precision between the variables being compared.
0.5 Median = ratio between perfect and imperfect at a medium 0.5
level.
0.4 Impunctual= A relationship that does not have the capacity to 0.4
generate a level of detail and precision between the variables being
compared.
0.3 Doubtful= A relationship that does not have the capacity to Heterogeneou 0.3
generate an acceptable level of confidence between the variables- s relationship
categories compared.
0.2 Invalid = A relationship that does not have the ability to produce a 0.2
certain effect on the variables- categories being compared.
0.1 Inaccurate= Relationship that does not allow adjustment to the 0.1
value of the variables- categories being compared.
0 Imperfect= Possessing the minimum degree of similarity and Pure Mayor
uniformity between the variables compared. relationship número de
bit 0
Source: own elaboration.

2. Homogeneous, pure, or heterogeneous relationship criterion 3

Homogeneous relationship (Simple substances) = which is made up of elements with

common characteristics referring to their class or nature, which allows a relationship of
similarity and uniformity to be established between them.4
Simple substances: A simple substance is a substance that consists of one or more atoms
of the same chemical element. For example, dioxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are simple
substances, since their molecules consist only of oxygen atoms. The opposite of a simple
substance is a compound.
Pure ratio (Pure Substances) =
Pure substances: They consist of one or more components and have a homogeneous
appearance. If there is only one component, exclusively. These are called chemical
elements (carbon, gold, nitrogen, calcium, sulphur, etc.) and if there are several
components, they are called chemical compounds. For example, water is a pure substance,
but it is made up of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. Diamond, on the other hand, is
composed of only one element: carbon.

3
The relationships are taken from the natural sciences of the concept of types of substances, homogeneous,
pure, and heterogeneous. https://sites.google.com/site/lamateriaab/tipos-de-sustancias-y-mezclas
4
The homogeneous ratio is ideal for classical research.

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Heterogeneous relationship (Simple substances) = which is made up of elements of a
different kind or nature.5
Compound substances: These are substances that contain fragments of different types in
their structure, i.e. they contain different elements. Compound substances can be broken
down into simpler substances by the application of electricity, heat, light, or sound.

3. Direct proportionality relationship

The relationship between the variables black hair and blue hair is pure (expressed in the
table, with 0.0377777777777778), being a relationship of a heterogeneous nature (when
compared with the table: 0.276225). The level of manifest intensity is in accordance with
an imperfect type of relationship since the relationship between the variables has the
minimum degree of similarity and uniformity between the variables compared.
Case 2. Data analysis for quantitative variables

Step 1.

Variable-category 1. Confidence.

Trust Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

25,273 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

26,273 26 00011010 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
25,273 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
25,606 26 00011010 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 2. Motivation.

Motivation Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

22,455 22 00010110 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
22,545 22 00010110 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
22,909 23 00010101 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
22,636 23 00010101 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 3. Imagination.

Imagination Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

22,727 23 00010101 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
24 24 00011000 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
22,909 23 00010101 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
23,212 23 00010101 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

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Consisting of elements of a different kind or nature.

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Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 4. Challenge.

Challenge Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

26,273 26 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
26,909 27 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
26,455 26 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
26,545 26 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 5. Emotional sensitivity

Emotional Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix
sensitivity
12,091 13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
11,727 12 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
12,818 13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
12,212 12 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 6. Attention

Attention Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

20,545 20 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
19,909 20 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
18,636 19 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
19,697 20 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Source: own elaboration.

Variable-category 7. Positive attitude

Positive Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

attitude
24,818 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
26,364 26 00011010 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
24,909 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
25,364 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
Source: own elaboration.

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Here it is important to understand that variables can form a complex system, an aspect that
conventional statistics does not consider since it analyses data in a linear and simplistic way,
whereas in this proposal the analysis goes beyond this principle of type I science.

Step 2. Generation of an extended bit matrix that allows the relationship of the
variables to be seen in context.
The result of the matrix where the relationships between the 7 variables can be seen is the
following:

Table 3. Unified matrix of categories.

Source: own elaboration.

The bit matrix allows us to see for the first time the different relationships that exist
between 7 specific variables focused on a precise research context, moving from the
measurement of specific details as with other statistical techniques, to a context map that
allows us to see the different interactions between variables in a particular fragment of
space-time.

Step 3. Application of the formula.

Starting from the data tables for each of the 7 variables, and after conversion from decimals
to binary, the formula is applied for each variable.

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Variable-category 1. Trust.

Trust Natural Rp (1-0) Bit matrix

25,273 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

26,273 26 00011010 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
25,273 25 00011001 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
25,606 26 00011010 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
Source: own elaboration.

= intensity of the relationship between the variables.

= the intensity of the relationship is the decimal difference between variable 1 and
variable 2, or the number of variables to be measured, divided by the number of possible
relationships on the scale (RP), this being the natural intensity constant possible between
the variables. The formula would be:

The correction factor is

always 11
=25,273
________ = 2,808111111111111

11

In this case the variable is out of range 0- 1, so the correction factor is applied by dividing
by 11.
= 0,2552828281818182 this rank is placed in the relationship level table.
I divide by 9, which, on the natural intensity scale, is the number of possible relationships
that can be established between 2 or more variables.

Formula for two variables

=25,273 +26,273
________ = 5,727333333333333
11

= 51,546

= 4,686/11 = 0,426

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Formula for three variables

=25,273 +26,273+25,273
________ = 76,819
11

=6,983545454545455/11= 0,6348677685950413

Formula for four variables

=25,273 +26,273+25,273+25,606
________ = 102,425
11

= 9,311363636363636/11= 0,8464876033057851

Table 3. Relationship between variables.

V1 V2 V3 V4
0,8464
0,6348
0,426
0,25528
Source: own elaboration.

In scale the behaviour of the four variables is positive, the variables tend to increase, that is
to say, to the extent that the players are trained to improve in these psychological factors, to
the same extent the results will improve, that is to say that there is a directly proportional
relationship between the accompaniment of the sports psychologist or sports psychologist
and the level of success that can be obtained.

Now, the higher the score on the scale, the higher the level of incidence of the variable in
the player's performance, therefore the confidence variable must be increased regularly at a
level of proportion of 2% for this factor to be decisive for the improvement of the player's
performance.

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Table 4. Relationship between elements and correlations of the variables.
Elem Elem Elem Elem
If a negative variable appears, 0,8464 correlation
the addition and subtraction
rule is used to define whether
the direction of the variable is
negative or positive.
0,6348 correlation
0,426 correlation
0,25528 correlation
Source: own elaboration.

The difference between the correlations could also be a determinant of the types of
relationship between the variables.

Paso 5

= intensity of the relationship between the variables.

= the intensity of the relationship is the decimal difference between variable 1 and
variable 2, or the number of variables to be measured, divided by the number of possible
relationships on the scale (RP), this being the natural intensity constant possible between
the variables. The formula would be:

=0.57-0.23
________ = 0.34
9

= 0,0377777777777778.

I divide by 9, which, on the natural intensity scale, is the number of possible relationships
that can be established between 2 or more variables.

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Conclusions

The inexistence of a clear relationship between variables and categories is one of the most
problematic elements of general statistics, being this an essential problem for the sciences
and their development at a complex level, therefore the research raises several possibilities
of analysis and interpretation around this dynamic that essentially allows the development of
a statistics of complexity beyond the postulates of type one science as often occurs in the
division of qualitative and quantitative research in the world.

One of the possible applications of this type of statistics has to do with the generation of
collective projects that in the future will help to decontaminate nature, especially the sea.
This will give an advantage for the development of large-scale technologies to decontaminate
very large territories, minimising the efforts of human collectives and helping them to
understand the relationship they have with natural environments.

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References

Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, P. (2014). Metodología de la
investigación (6a. ed. --.). México D.F.: McGraw-Hill.

Swedberg, R. (2020). Exploratory Research. In C. Elman, J. Gerring, & J. Mahoney (Eds.), The
Production of Knowledge: Enhancing Progress in Social Science (pp. 17–41). chapter, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

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