LITERATURE REVIEW

S.No. Research Author Year Keywords Source Content/ Intent of

Paper/ Book/ Name the document
Article with
year
1. Leveraging Gokula 2023 energy https://ww This study
energy Manikan flexibility, w.scienced comprehensively
flexibilities for dan economic, irect.com/s reveals the energy
enhancing the flexibility potential
Senthil grid- cience/artic
cost-
Kumar, responsive le/abs/pii/S of a net-zero metro
effectiveness
and grid- Sunliang performanc 030626192 railway system.
responsiveness Cao e, forced 201889X Various energy
of net-zero- shutdown, flexibility
energy metro net-zero, strategies,
railway and cost- quantification,
station systems and crucial trade-
effective
offs are explored to
reach high levels of
techno-enviro-
economic and
grid-responsive
performance
2. Quantifying and Gokula 2024 renewable https://ww Addressing power
enhancing the Manikan energy, w.scienced outages due to
energy dan power irect.com/s renewable energy
resilience of penetration and
Senthil outage, cience/artic
zero-emission
Kumar, energy mix, le/pii/S259 conventional
train station
systems against Sunliang net-zero 017452400 utility grid issues.
power outages Cao energy, 0096 Therefore, this
via electrified carbon project begins by
train-building emissions, modelling a
integrations lifetime, renewable energy-
solar energy supported
swappable
battery-powered
railway system
with stochastically
driven power
outages
3. Mission 100% Ministry 2021 Net-zero https://indi Railways has framed
Electrification: of emissions, anrailways. a well-designed
Moving towards railways electrify, gov.in/rail policy -Mission
net Zero Carbon
environmen wayboard/ 100%
Emission
t friendly, uploads/dir electrification- a
green & ectorate/se game changer in
clean, cretary_bra Indian energy sector
renewable nches/IR_ and there is
energy, Reforms/M tremendous
solar ission%201 opportunity for India
00%25%20 to develop and
Railway%2 successfully meet
0Electrifica the aspirations of its
tion%20- citizens both for
%20Movin freight & passenger
g%20towar segment; without
ds%20Net following the high-
%20Zero% carbon pathway that
20Carbon other economies
%20Emissi have pursued in the
on.pdf past.
4. Green railways Ministry 2021 Electrificati Some of its key
of on, initiatives towards
railways consumptio https://indi decarbonization are
n, anrailways. 100% electrification
Optimizatio gov.in/rail of Railways broad
n of energy, wayboard/ gauge network,
locomotives uploads/dir reduction in energy
, energy ectorate/se consumption and
efficient, cretary_bra meeting energy
solar nches/IR_ demand through
Reforms/G renewable energy
reen%20Ra (RE). Indian
ilways%20 Railways already
(use%20of has 220-Megawatt
%20renew (MW) capacity of
able%20en RE power, with
ergy).pdf nearly 3,450 MW
capacity in the
pipeline
5. Sizing Prabath 2021 Reliable, https://ww However, a rail
Algorithm for a J. photovoltaic w.research transportation
Photovoltaic Binduhe , gate.net/pu system operates with
System along an
wa electrificati blication/3 net-zero emissions
Urban Railway
Network on, net-zero, 56740540_ when electricity is
towards Net medium- Sizing_Alg generated from zero-
Zero Emission voltage DC orithm_for emission-based
network, _a_Photov sources.
zero- oltaic_Syst Photovoltaic
emission em_along_ systems have
stations. an_Urban_ already been
Railway_N integrated into
etwork_to railway stations and
wards_Net spare land owned by
_Zero_Emi railways to achieve
ssion net-zero emissions.

6. Innovative Sylwia 2017 lowering https://ww Railway system is

Railway Rzepnick pollution w.research appreciated for its
Stations a, levels, gate.net/pu ability to transport a
sustainable, blication/3 large number of
Daniel carbon 20859386_ passengers and at the
Załuski footprints, Innovative same time lowering
high energy _Railway_ pollution levels and
consumptio Stations reducing traffic jams
n in cities. Even
though traveling by
rail is considered to
be a sustainable
form of public
transport, railway
stations have
significantly high
energy consumption
and large carbon
footprints.
7. Solar-powered Pheng 2021 Solar, AC, https://ww Focused on the
rail cheng, DC, w.scienced solar power
transportation in jing ma, microgrids, irect.com/s regulation, an
China: Potential, individual phase
limin Jia, electrificati cience/artic
scenario, and
Libo on, energy, le/abs/pii/S current control
case
zhang current 036054422 (IPCC) strategy is
2001244 developed without
extractions
between
sequences. This
strategy can
achieve a flexible
current provision
for both powering
single-phase
locomotives and
feeding back to the
three-phase grid

8. Digital Liwei 2023 Energy https://link. Compared to the

technologies for Cao1, system, springer.co current fossil fuel
net-zero energy Peiyu Digital m/article/1 dominated energy
transition: a
Hu, technology, 0.1007/s43 system, the
preliminary
study Xiang Li Artificial 979-023- importance of digital
, Hui Sun intelligence, 00047-7 technology would
, Jinrui Net-zero become even more
Zhang significant with
and energy system
,Chuan transition to net-
Zhang zero, with deep
structural changes of
such energy system
and solar/wind
dominated variable
renewable energy
supply
9. PATHWAY TO Priyanka, 2018 Net-Zero https://ww The use of solar
NET-ZERO Vikas Energy w.research energy and energy
ENERGY Mehta, Building, gate.net/pu from wind systems
BUILDINGS
Mohindr Green blication/3 has the potential to
a Singh Building, 43425272_ help meet rising
Thakur, GHG PATHWA energy demands and
Bhupend emissions Y_TO_NE also offers variety
er Kumar and T- and reliability in
and Renewable ZERO_EN energy production.
Ashok Energy ERGY_BU Over 35% of the
Pundir ILDINGS commitment to
renewable energy
comes from the wind
energy framework,
with the remaining
sources coming
from various
technologies. Our
reliance on fossil
fuels will
unquestionably
decline as a result of
the integration of
these renewable
energy technologies
into the green
building concept,
which also lessens
environmental
issues.. Because of
this, the construction
of Net-Zero Energy
Buildings (NZEB),
which are
environmentally
friendly and
sustainable, is made
possible by the
combination of
renewable energy
technologies and
energy-efficient
10. DESIGN Laura 2019 zero energy https://ww From the database of
ISSUES FOR Aelenei, building, w.research IEA Task 40/Annex
NET ZERO- Daniel residential gate.net/pu 52 projects, nine
ENERGY
Aelenei, building, blication/2 projects have been
BUILDINGS
Helder passive 77243113_ chosen in order to
Gonçalv measures, Design_Iss present and discuss
es, energy ues_for_Ne the design strategies
Roberto t_Zero- used in NZEB
Lollini, efficiency, Energy_Bu design. A close
Eike renewable ildings examination of the
Musall, energy strategies and
generation. indicators of the
Alessand relative performance
ra of the 9 case studies
Scognam revealed that it is
iglio, possible to achieve
Eduard zero-energy
Cubi, Building.
Massa
Noguchi

11. Electric and Kathryn 2020 Trains https://ww Electric trains (ET)
hydrogen rail: G. Public w.research and hydrogen trains
Potential Logana, transport gate.net/pu (HT) are considered
contribution to
John D. Hydrogen blication/3 zero emission at the
net zero in the
UK Nelsonb, Electric 44076060_ point of use. True
Benjami Carbon Electric_an emissions are
n C. dioxide d_hydroge dependent upon
McLella emissions n_rail_Pote non-tailpipe sources,
nc, ntial_contri primarily in energy
Astley bution_to_ production. We
Hasting net_zero_i present UK carbon
n_the_UK dioxide (CO2)
operating emission
model outputs for
conventionally
fuelled trains (CFT),
ETs and HTs
between 2017 and
2050 under four
National Grid
electricity
12. Digital Twin for Sakdirat 2018 railway https://ww The outcome of this
Sustainability Kaewunr station w.research study can provide
Evaluation of uen and building, gate.net/pu construction
Railway Station
Ningfang digital twin, blication/3 participants with
Building
Xu BIM, Revit, 29534448_ reasonable guidance
BIM Digital_Tw of BIM adoption on
adoption on in_for_Sust railway station
existing ainability_ projects that can be
buildings, Evaluation used for planning,
green _of_Railwa designing, and
construction y_Station_ operating an
Buildings economic and
environmental
efficient
construction project.

13. Circular Sakdirat 2023 railway https://ww Circular economy

economy Kaewunr system, w.research transition towards
implementation uen1 *, circular gate.net/pu net zero is the global
in railway
Yunlong economy, blication/3 challenge, and we
systems beyond
net zero Guo2 , net zero, 72713410_ must strike to
Guoqing transportati Circular_ec resolve the climate
Jing3 on, onomy_im issue altogether
and sustainabilit plementati through both
Akira y on_in_rail domestic and
Matsumo way_syste international
to4 ms_beyond cooperation. The
_net_zero paper thus highlights
the essential need for
harmonized actions
together with
tactical and
pragmatic strategies
to overcome
technical challenges
and barriers of
circular economy
implementation
14. A critical review 2023 environmen https://ww focuses on
of sustainable Nabeel tal w.scienced investigating the
rail technologies incidents, irect.com/s railway sector to
based on Ahsan, encourage a modal
cience/artic
environmental, climate
le/abs/pii/S shift to the least
economic, change,
social, and Kasun H 136403212 carbon-intensive
greenhouse,
technical ewage, 3004781 option. This study
carbon
perspectives to provides a critical
Faran R dioxide
achieve net zero review of the past
emissions azi, emissions,
and present rail
technologies in
Syed
terms of the
Asad Hu
ssain environmental,
economic, social,
, Rehan and technical
Sadiq perspectives

15. Comparison of Nakaret 2022 net-zero, https://ietre A transition from

renewable Kano, renewable search.onli generating
integration Zhongbe energy, nelibrary.w electricity by
schemes for AC i Tian, burning fossil fuel
energy iley.com/d
railway power Nutthak
consumptio oi/full/10.1 to renewable
supply system a
Chinomi, n, 049/els2.12 energy sources
Stuart 048 (RESs) is one of
voltage
Hillmans the most effective
unbalance
en ways, in addition
to customer
transformation, in
which people are
willing to
participate to
reduce energy
consumption.
16. Progress and Valeriy 2024 https://ww Energy consumption
Challenges Kuznetso renewable w.mdpi.co in railway
Connected with v energy m/1996- operations is
the Integration sources;
,Petro 1073/17/2/ characterized
of Renewable
Energy Sources Hubskyi energy 489 (unlike in
with Railway , efficiency; construction) by
Distribution PV energy being repetitive.
Networks Artur This energy
sources;
Rojek
consumption is
power
,Magdale produced in four
supply
na areas: in the
Udzik movement of trains;
And in auxiliary systems
in the trains; in
Krzyszto auxiliary systems in
f the infrastructure
Lowczo
(lighting
wski
consumption of
tunnels or sections
of track, point
heating systems, the
signaling and
communication
systems, etc.); and in
stations, workshops
and by other
consumers. The aim
of this article was to
review modern
technologies using
renewable energy
sources in rail
transport for traction
and non-traction
customers.
17. Tactical Dr. 2023 Net zero https://ww the limitations of all
Planning for Arindam initiatives w.research existing renewable
Financing Green Dutta by Indian gate.net/pr energy project
and Sustainable , Mr. Railway,
ofile/Arind financing
Railway Sandip Green
Projects Ghosh Bond, am- mechanisms in India
and Mr. Infrastructur Dutta/publi such as funding
Gopal e cation/371 through nonbanking
Marik3 Debt, 852619_Ta financial institution,
Equity fund, ctical_Plan green bank, clean
Carbon ning_for_F energy fund, green
financing
inancing_G bond, infrastructure
Mutual
fund, Tax reen_and_ debt fund, crowd
benefit Sustainable funding etc. are
_Railway_ thoroughly analyzed
Projects/lin and finally, three
ks/649874e policy measures are
c95bbbe0c recommended for
6ef2dafa/T developing a robust
actical- financial mechanism
Planning- for green energy
for- financing
Financing-
Green-and-
Sustainable
-Railway-
Projects.pd
f
18. Sergey 2021 https://ww the relevance of the
Stationary railway
V. w.mdpi.co use of renewable
Hybrid electrificati
Mitrofan m/1996- energy on the
Renewable on;
ov
Energy Systems renewable 1073/14/18 railways is
for Railway energy /5946 discussed. Various
,Natalya
Electrification: sources; types of power-
G.
A Review energy
Kiryanov generating systems
a storage in railway stations
system; and platforms along
Anna M. hydrogen
the track, as well as
Gorlova energy
in separate areas, are
considered. The
focus is on wind and
solar energy
conversion systems.
19. Stanisła 2021 electromobi https://ww the issue of
Effects of
w Iwan lity; w.mdpi.co incorporating rail
Incorporating
electric m/1996- transport into an
Rail Transport Kinga
vehicles; urban delivery
into a Zero- Kijewska 1073/14/20
zero- system. Its main
Emission Urban /6809
Krzyszto emission purpose was to
Deliveries f vehicles; identify the
System: Małecki sustainable possibilities of
Application of
urban utilising rail
Light Freight
freight transport in a Zero-
Railway (LFR)
transport; emission Urban
Electric Trains
city Delivery System
logistics; ; (ZUDS) by applying
last-mile Light Freight
delivery; Railway (LFR)
external electric trains.
costs of
transport

20. Nakaret 2023 Climate https://ieee Railway

Renewable kano change, xplore.ieee. electrification is one
org/abstrac of the low-carbon
Stuart
Sources and Renewa solutions, but it still
hillmans t/document
ble relies on power grids
en /10098133/
Energy Storage energy causing carbon
zhongbie sources, keywords# emissions. To
Optimization to tian keywords further decarbonize
Energy electric railways, the
Minimize the storage, renewable energy
sources (RESs) and
Global Costs of Humidit energy storage
y system (ESS)
control, integration scheme
Railways
for railway traction
Railway power network has
transpor been proposed.
tation,

Power
systems