Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
MICRO PROJECT
Topic – Preparing The Report on ACID RAIN
Submitted by
Prathamesh Bhushan Gawas – 2101170166
Varad Makarand Paradkar - 2101170168
Submitted At
Department of Computer Engineering
Government Polytechnic, Malvan
A/P-Kumbharmath, Tal-Malvan, Dist-Sindhudurg
416606
(Academic Year :-2023-2024)
INTRODUCTION
Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually
acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).
Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists
between 6.5 and 8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and
ranges from 4–5 on average. The more acidic the acid rain is, the lower
its pH is 2. Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals,
and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the
atmosphere to produce acids.
Air pollution ultimately leads to acid rain as the harmful gases,
which are mixed in the air, also get combined with the moisture in the air
and form acidic clouds, which lead to acid rain. The main causes of acid
rain are factories, vehicles, power stations and industries; which burn
fuels and produce harmful gases, which have sulfur dioxide or nitrogen
oxides.
Acid rain primarily means the deposition of acidic elements in the
forms of precipitation, which can be snow, rain, dew or fog. Normally
rain is acidic though weak as the ph.
WHAT IS ACID
RAIN :
The acid rain affects the crops as well as the vegetation. The effect of
acid rain on plants is grave. It not only damages the root, but also stops
its growth and brings an end to the life of a plant. The nutritive value of
the soil is reduced to a great extent as an effect of acid rain. Acid rain
effects can be seen on the useful micro-organisms which convert the
decayed organic matter into essential nutrients for the soil.
Acid rain causes server damage to building and marble status. Acid rain
reacts with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
To form soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate or calcium bicarbonate,
Ca(HCO3)2-CaCO3+Acid rain=Ca(HCO3)(aq)
Calcium bicarbonate is a powdery substance, which is easily washed
away with water or more specifically, rainwater. This is the way acid rain
has partly eroded many world-Famous monuments and buildings like the
Taj Mahal in India, St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, and the statue of
Liberty in New York.
Taj Mahal :
Taj Mahal, one of the 7 wonders of the world, is largely affected by acid
rain. The city of Agra has many industries which emit the oxides of
sulphur and nitrogen in the atmosphere. People continue to use low-
quality coal and firewood as a domestic fuel, adding to this problem. Acid
rain has the following reaction with the marble (calcium carbonate):
CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(l) → CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
The formation of calcium sulphate results in the corrosion of this beautiful
monument.
Statue of Liberty :
Statue of Liberty which is made of copper has also been damaged by the
cumulative action of acid rain and oxidation for over 30 years and is,
therefore, becoming green.
PREVENTION OF
ACID RAIN :
The only precaution that we can take against acid rain is having a
check at the emission of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.
Acid rain is harmful to animals, plants and the monuments.
Being responsible citizens, one should be aware of the harmful
effects they cause and of the industries which give out nitrogen and
sulphur compound wastes unethically.
The numbers of possible solutions for acid rain that are available to
us are aplenty. What matters more is to consciously enforce these
solutions to stop acid rain and to do soon a wide scale. People all over
the world must be made aware of the causes and effects of acid rain, and
they should be thoroughly educated about it. Solutions to stop acid rain
can only be successful through mutual cooperation.
Acid rain is very serious environmental threat faced by our planet
today. Millions of people get affected by it on a daily basis. Acid rain
occurs when high levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide enter in
the atmosphere and start undergoing chemical transformation. These
harmful gases are absorbed by water droplets in the clouds and they fall
on the earth during rains.
They can damage the natural soil by increasing the acidity levels and
also pollute rivers and lakes. Acid rain is actually a broad term which is
used to describe different types of acid that fall from the atmosphere on
earth. It’s mainly divided into wet and dry.
Parts of the world which experience wet weather have acid rain,
acid snow and fog. Other parts, which experience dry weather for most
of the year experience acid gas and acid dust.
Today people can see the effects of acid rain everywhere they go.
Dead and weakened trees are a very common sign of acid rain, while in
cities worn off or scarred buildings are also a result of acid rain. This
problem is more prevalent in the northern hemisphere where there’s a
huge growth in the number of industries.
METHODS TO
CONTROL ACID
RAIN :
Some methods to control acid rain are given below:
i. Reduce the use of fossil fuels. This would decrease the emission of
nitrogen and sulphur in the environment.
ii. One of the main causes of acid rain is a sudden drop in the pH levels of
water and that happens because of absorption of harmful gases by the
atmosphere. The best way to restore the pH balance of water is to limit
the use of items, which run on gasoline.
iii. Drivers should ease up as soon as the yellow light rather than
slamming on the brakes and they shouldn’t rush away as soon as the
lights turn green. These small practices help reduce the wastage of
gasoline and also help people save a lot of money on fuel.
iv. Always keep the vehicle tires inflated. Tires having proper pressure
will provide users with a better fuel economy.
v. Use cycles or should walk to cover small distances.
vi. One of the most fundamental acid rain solutions is to utilize fuels that
burn cleanlier or to burn coal more efficiently. This will greatly reduce the
possibilities of acid rain developing in the atmosphere.
vii. As far as industrial power plants are concerned, the best solution is to
attach devices known as ‘scrubbers’ in the chimneys of these plants.
These scrubbers reduce the amount of sulphur produced in the smoke by
90-95%.
viii. For industrial power plants, there are many more acid rain solutions
that must be enforced, as they are clearly the biggest contributors to the
formation of acidified water droplets in the atmosphere. Industries must
regularly inspect and clean all their emission equipment and chimneys
and pipes.
ix. Fitting catalytic converters into the exhaust pipes of vehicles also
reduces the amount of sulphur dioxide produced by the vehicles.
x. We can make a lot of changes on a personal level as well, in order to
combat acid rain. We should restrict the use of our cars and vehicles and
utilize other modes of transportation on a more frequent basis. We
should also remember to turn off all our lights and electrical devices in
case we are not using them.
All these acid rain solutions will be pointless unless people are informed
and educated about the adverse-effects and harms of acid rain. A
widespread and nationwide effort must be made to make people aware.
Only after that is done will all the acid rain solutions actually make a
difference.
CONCLUSION
Include, acid rain is very important issue that has bad effects in the
environment. There would be many health problems that could be
avoided, if acid rain became a little less of a problem. We can help to
stop this acid rain by a very simple way which not polluting the air. As
they said Prevention is better than cure. Even children can help prevent
this pollution by several ways like using less electricity and using
transportation that is friendly to the environment.