Laïcité: French Principle of Secularism

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Similarities and Differences Between Indian and French Secularism

Similarities:

Freedom of Religion: Both Indian and French secularism uphold the principle of
freedom of religion.
For example, Article 25 of the Indian Constitution and France (under certain
restrictions) guarantee citizens the right to practice their religion without
discrimination or persecution.
Equality before the Law: Discrimination on the basis of religion is neither allowed in
India (under Article 14) nor in France.
State Neutrality: State should not favor any particular religion. For instance, the 42nd
Constitutional Amendment Act added the word “Secular” in Preamble to the
Constitution of India.
Protection of Religious Minorities: India (under Article 29) and France have a
commitment to protecting the rights of religious minorities.
For example, there are safeguards to prevent the majority religion from
oppressing minority religions.
Secular Education: In both India and France, there is a focus on secular education.
Religious education is generally kept separate from public education.
Freedom of Expression: Freedom of expression, including the right to criticize or
question religious beliefs, is protected in both Indian (Article 19(1)(a)) and French
secularism.
Legal Framework: Both countries have laws and legal mechanisms to enforce
secularism.
In France, for example, there are laws like the 1905 Law on the Separation of
Churches and State, while in India, the principle of secularism is enshrined in
the Constitution.

Despite these similarities, it’s important to note that there are also significant differences
between Indian and French secularism. For instance:

Basis Indian Secularism French Secularism

Principle Sarva Dharma Samabhava France follows a strict form of

means equal respect for all secularism known as Laïcité which
religions. This allows for a more emphasizes the complete separation of
accommodating approach to religion from public life.
religion in public life.

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 Religious India generally allows religious
Symbols symbols in public spaces. For
example, Sikhs who wear turban
are exempt from the helmet
requirement while riding a two-
wheeler.
France has faced controversy over its
policies regarding religious symbols,
such as the ban on the wearing of
conspicuous religious symbols in
public schools and face-covering veils
in public spaces.

State India allows state funding for France strictly prohibits it as part of its
Funding of religious institutions. laïcité principle.
Religious
Institutions

Religious There are separate personal France has a unified civil code that
Personal laws for different religious applies to all citizens regardless of their
Laws communities, governing matters religion.
like marriage, divorce, and
inheritance. For example, the
Hindu Succession Act (1956).

State The state often engages with and Public institutions are expected to
Neutrality supports various religious remain entirely secular and avoid any
communities and their endorsement or involvement in
institutions. religious affairs.

Learnings for France from Indian Secularism

Indian secularism tends to emphasize pluralism and accommodation, while French laïcité
leans towards strict secularism and state neutrality in religious matters. France and other
countries can learn valuable lessons from India’s approach towards Secularism like:

Tolerance and Inclusivity: France could learn from India’s emphasis on tolerance and
inclusivity towards diverse religious communities. Promoting an atmosphere of
mutual respect and understanding among various religious groups can help maintain
social harmony and cohesion.
Recognition of Religious Diversity: France can benefit from recognizing and
appreciating the contributions of different religions to its cultural fabric.
Dialogue and Engagement: France could consider adopting a more inclusive
approach that involves religious leaders in discussions on religious freedom and
secularism.
Protection of Minority Rights: France could review and strengthen its legal
framework to ensure that minority rights are adequately safeguarded.
State Support for Cultural Festivals: In India, the government often provides support
for cultural and religious festivals celebrated by various communities. France could
explore ways to support cultural and religious events that promote unity in diversity.

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 Balancing Secularism with Religious Freedom: France could examine ways to
strike a balance between its strict form of secularism and the freedom of religious
expression and practice.
Finding common ground that respects individual religious rights while
maintaining state neutrality can be a complex but worthwhile endeavor.

Conclusion

It’s important to note that each country’s secularism is shaped by its unique historical,
cultural, and social context, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. France can adapt
and incorporate elements from India’s secularism that align with its own values and
objectives while respecting its historical and legal framework.

News Source: The Hindu

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