 A product may be a good, service, place,

person, or idea. Such as Pen, Mobile

Service, Plot in Kabul City, Burger Shop
(Idea).
 Goods may be defined as any
commodity, product or services which
are useful for people and have monetary
value.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Manufacturers should pay attention to the following
points in the production of products.
 Core Benefit: The fundamental need or want that
consumer satisfy by consuming the product or
services.
 Actual Products: Quality, Features, Design, Brand
name, Packaging.
 Augmented Products: After sale service, warranty,
etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Goods may be divided into three categories on the basis of
consumer needs:
1) Manufactured goods:
Manufactured goods are those goods that are semi-
finished or finished goods used by producers and
consumers.
Manufactured goods are of two types – consumer goods
and industrial goods.
 Consumer goods are those goods which are meant for
direct consumption by ultimate consumers, for example,
car, television, radio, cycle, shoes, furniture, toys etc.
 Industrial goods are those goods which are used in the
process of manufacturing other goods and services, for
example, raw materials, machines etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

2) Agricultural goods:
Agricultural goods refer to the produce out of
cultivation, for example, vegetables, grains, fruit,
and also dairy farming, poultry farming, eggs,
meat etc. Of these agricultural goods, wheat, rice,
pulses etc are food products for human
consumption, whereas cotton etc are raw material
for industry.
That is, these agricultural products are classified
into two categories – industrial goods and
consumer goods.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

3) Natural raw materials:
Natural raw materials are the gifts of nature,
for example, mines, forests etc, and these
provide raw materials which need further
processing before use.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Differences between Consumer Goods and Industrial Goods

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai
Classification of Consumer Goods
Consumer goods are meant for final
consumption. On the basis of buying habits,
manufactured consumer goods are classified
into three categories:
 CONVENIENCE GOODS
 SHOPPING GOODS
 SPECIALTY GOODS

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

CONVENIENCE GOODS
These are those products that consumers can
get easily without getting much information about
the products price and quality , and require less
efforts to purchase them.
Consumers do not care about the brand names
and they are interested to buy the product with
convenience (ease).
Example: Candies, drugs, and toothpastes, Milk
Pak, Pen, Bread etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Example: Candies, drugs, and toothpastes, Milk Pak,
Pen, Bread etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

SHOPPING GOODS
Shopping Goods-Products: Are those
products in which consumer compares,
price, quality, and style in different stores
and then makes a purchase.
In purchasing of Shopping Goods
consumers consume some time and makes
efforts to find out the desired products, and
save some money.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Example: Furniture, Cars, Laptops , T.V etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

SPECIALTY GOODS
Specialty Goods-Products: Specialty
Goods are those goods that are preferred
by the consumers and they are ready to
spend more time and even money in
finding the specific product (brand) they
need.
Consumers remain loyal to their
favorite products (specialty goods) and
they are not interested to buy the other
products. They are really special
products, for consumers, their purchase
frequency Is most minimum as compare
to convenience and shopping products.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai
Classification Of Business or Industrial Goods
 RAW MATERIALS

 FABRICATING MATERIALS AND PARTS

 Installations

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials are business goods that will
become part of another physical product.
Or raw material are the basic materials
entering physically into the final products
for example building stones, raw cotton,
raw jute etc.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

FABRICATING MATERIALS AND PARTS
Fabricating materials and parts are business
goods that become an actual part of the finished
product. They have already been processed to
some extent, in contrast to raw materials.
Fabricating materials will undergo further
processing. Examples include pig iron going to
steel, yarn being woven into cloth, and flour
becoming part of bread.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

Installations
Installations are manufactured business
products—the long-lived, expensive, major
equipment of a business user. Examples are large
generators in a dam, a factory building, and diesel
engines for a rail road, and jet airplanes for an
airline.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai

1) New Product development Strategy.
2) Product life Cycle.

You have to work on the above topics.

Lecturer: M Islam Ahmadzai