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Definiciones LIT. ING II

Literatura Inglesa II: Ilustración Romanticismo y Época Victoriana (UNED)

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DEFINICIONES LIT. INGL. II

TÉRMINO DESCRIPCIÓN

Bildungsroman Novel character (childhood-maturity). Relationships, experience, identity, epitomises. Sub genre 19th Century.

(Jane Eyre, Villete (Brontë) - David Copperfield, Big Expectations (Dickens) - Mill on the Floss (G. Eliot) - The
ordeal of Richard Feverel (Meredith)

Great Expectations / David Any of the novels by Charles Dickens that could be considered examples of the Bildungsroman (more than one
Copperfield (Oliver Twist) answer is possible)

Don Juan (Lord Byron) Poem “second generation”. Hero born in Seville. Father “true Hidalgo”, mother “learned lady”

Lord Byron Romantic poet, orientalist tale, poetic drama, unfinished narrative, satirical component.

-”Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” (1812) great success (“I woke up and found myself famous”). Spenserian stanza.
Man goes off to travel far, disgusted with life pleasures. Places and descriptions.

Byronic hero Character type associated with the most charismatic Romantic poet: isolated, courageous, independent,
tormented. Harold in “Childe Harold's Pilgrimage”.

First generation (Romanticism) W. Blake, W. Wordsworth, S.T. Coleridge

Satanic School The label used by the poet Robert Southey to refer to two poets of the younger generation (Byron and Shelley),
because he considered their political views progressive / radical

Second generation (Romanticism) Percy Shelley, Lord Byron, John Keats

“Ode to the West wind”
“Ode to…”
“Don Juan”

Pisan Circle Group of political conspirations. Lord Byron relationship with Theresa Guiccioli. Percy Shelley was part of it.

Labouring poets Romantic poets identified as peasants, unschooled, rural life. Excluded from the high canon.

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Multi-ploted/Multi-volume novels C. Dickens - “Bleak House”, “Little Dorrit”

(Victorian) G. Eliot - “Middlemarch”

Large, loose and baggy monsters

Chales Dickens Victorian novelist (serialized 1846) Intrusive narrator, panoramic cast of characters. Showed concern of Industrial
revolution.

-“Pickwick Papers” - Novel great success, serialization of fictional texts, generalized Victorian Britain. Early, rate
of 40,000 a month. Transformed market.

-“Bleak House” - Novel description of London, Megalousaurus, lizard Holborn-hill.

-”Oliver Twist” - Novel satirises Poor Law Amedment Act of 1834.

Pauperism poverty (Dickens - workhouse in weak and impotent conditions)

social-problem novels / Condition Sub-genre Victorian (1830s-1840s) → respond to the problems of a newly urban and industrial nation
of England / (Victorian) (socio-economic problems (urban development or industrialisation))

Deal with class relationships, conflict and the condition of England (middle classes)

Charlotte Brontë “Shirley”

Elizabeth Gaskell “North and South”

this Time of Troubles (The Early Victorian Period) present in literature as well, many ____ novels
● Charles Kingsley
● Elizabeth Gaskell

Benjamin Disraeli (British politician and writer, Prime minister (Queen Victoria). Conservative Party.
“Sybil”, “The Two Nations” (the rich and the poor)

Utilitarianism Ethical principle values actions in terms of maximum usefulness.

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(“Hard Times”, Dickens)

Silver-fork novels / Newgate novels Between heyday (popular period) From Walter Scott and Jane Austen to Dickens. Terra incognita. Some types
prospered. Depictions of high society.

industrial revolution 19th Century England. Revolution affecting production and labour,--> deep economic and social transformation.

Victorian essayists and novelists (e.g. Carlyle or Dickens) showed concern (negative consequences)

Dorothy Wordsworth The full name of the person addressed in these lines from a key Romantic poem: "May I behold in thee what I was
once / My dear, dear Sister!"

the triple Decker three-Decker The term designating the standard form of publishing fiction (in three volumes) during the Victorian Era
three-volume novel Also considered as large, loose and baggy monsters. (Used by Henry James)

Thomas Hardy A Victorian novelist whose novels, set in the semi-fictional county of Wessex, focus on a vanished or vanishing
rural world

Doppelgänger tale Story with 2 characters acting as doubles or and individual with personality divided
Bertha Mason-Jane Eyre (Rochester’s first wife being captive)

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide (Gothic tradition) (R.L Stevenson)

picturesque An 18-century theory -> variety, irregularity, ruggedness, singularity and chiaroscuro in the appreciation of
landscape (it must bee seen like a painting mediated by the connoisseur (=who knows a lot about and enjoys
one of the arts, or food)

ruins and beggars were especially favoured by ___ writers

● the key theorist: William Gilpin, Payne Knight, Unedale Price

the sublime The powerful depiction of subjects that are vast, obscure, and powerful; of greatness that is incomparable or
unmeasurable. The term is related, for instance, to the Romantic portrayal of nature

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of nature the category of ____ were applied to landscape

Edmund Bruke defined it in opposition to the beautiful in his A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of
the __ and Beautiful

it is occasioned by great and terrible objects whereas the beautiful is a product of small and pleasing ones + the
picturesque

the canonical Romantic writers tended to eschew the picturesque appreciation of nature for the full-blooded _____,
exemplified by the mountains, crags and torrents of the Lake District and the Alps
Romantic poets disliked the notion of nature as framed as in a picture, and as mediated by the practitioner of
picturesque beauty prefer: a ____ and solitary encounter which became a quasi-mystical or, even, religious
experience

the beautiful The powerful depiction of subjects that are vast, obscure, and powerful; of greatness that is incomparable or
unmeasurable. The term is related, for instance, to the Romantic portrayal of nature

the category of sublime were applied to landscape

Edmund Bruke defined it in opposition to the _____ in his A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of
the Sublime and ___

the sublime is occasioned by great and terrible objects whereas the _____ is a product of small and pleasing ones
+ the picturesque

In Memoriam, A.H.H Victorian elegiac poem (A. Tennyson). Lyrical exploration on issues of identity and religious faith.

Lake School poets Group of poets Romanticism 19th Century (Lake District). Attacked by Byron in “The Preface” to Don Juan, Canto I.
Wordsworth, Southey, Coleridge.

Quarterly Review One of the 2 leading reviews of the 19th Century. 15 books in depth per quarter.

Considered Byron and Shelley the Satanic School of poetry.

Cockney School Label by conservative critics to some romantic poets of humble background and progressive ideas. Middle-class,

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suburban, metropolitan kind of writing.

(Leigh Hunt and Keats)

(James Henry) Leigh Hunt A Romantic poet and man of letters; a liberal thinker, editor of the journal The Examiner and mentor of John Keats

The Spirit of the Age Essays by William Hazlitt and the transformations of the Romantic era: Bold innovation, intense individualism,
questioning neoclassicism of the Romantic era.

Mental Theater / Closet drama Major dramatic form for romantic writers: Drama to be read rather than performed. Allow more freedom to develop
ideas

Mafred (Byron)
The Two Foscari (Byron)

Confessions of an English Title of the work (1821) recounts, in detail, events of the author’s life and experience with a drug.
Opium-Eater (Thomas Quency)
Orientalism: Recurrence of Asian and African elements

Robert Browning (Victorian) Experimented with the use of poetic voices as reflections of definite identities or complicated personalities. In one
of his poems, the speaker recalls the circumstances of his wife's death

The Ring and the Book → story in verse; present an Italian murder story told through ten different perspective

long, almost novel-length narrative Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book; Tennyson: Idylls of the King; Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Aurora Leigh -
poems represent this type of genre

Poet W. Wordsworth: “A man speaking to men… lively sensibility, greater knowledge…” than the average.

Lines composed a few miles above Title of the part where “recollection in tranquility” appears
Tintern Abbey (William
Wordsworth)

false consciousness the poem of William Wordsworth (Lines Composed…) is ideological, it displaces all the problems and difficulties of

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an agricultural society in the early throes of industrialisation into the realm of the artistic and imaginative

Daffodils William Wordsworth's poem "I Wonder Lonely as a Clout" -> the source of inspiration → they are seen
"fluttering and dancing in the breeze" in big numbers, and they are compared to the stars

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (WW) William Wordsworth's poem; ryhming couplet, loneliness is cured by daffodils, joy and unity with nature; explore
nature

(Good) poetry According to William Wordsworth, "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings [which] takes its origin from
emotion recollected in tranquility"

Preface (WW) William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads - outline a critical program that proided a retroactive tationale for the
"experiments" the poems represented

rhyming couplet (ww) William Wordsworth's poem; a pair of lines in poetry that rhyme and usually have the same rhythm

lank verse (WW) William Wordsworth's long poem (Tintern Abbey); iambic pentametre + unrhymed lines

Adonais (P. Shelley) Elegiac poem dedicated to John Keats who died young in 1821

The Angel in the House Poem by Coventry Patmore. Archetype of submissive and domestic womanhood.

“Mariana” (Victorian) Victorian poem → female figure who repeats the sentence "I am aweary, aweary, / I would that I were dead!"

Goblin Market (Christina Rossetti) Poem 1862 two sisters (Laura and Lizzie) with opposite personalities. Situates a range of Victorian preocupations
(economic, sexual and religious). Desire is portrayed through delicious fruit being sold and eaten by creatures in
the forest.
Fallen woman: Jeanie

Aurora Leigh (Elizabeth Barret Poem or blank verse novel: woman artist’s journey towards social, artistic and financial independence.
Browning)

Middlemarch (George Eliot) Praised by Virginia Woolf as one of the few English novels written for grown-up people.
Heroine: Dorothea Brooks

Pantisocracy Utopian project: Ideal democratic community in America by Coleridge and Southey

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