3. ‘Circular Motion Definition If a particle moves in a plane such that its distance from a fixed point remains constant then its motion is called as circular motion with respect to that fixed point. That fixed point is called the centre and the corresponding distance is called the radius of circular path, The vector joining the centre of the circle and the particle performing circular motion, directed towards the later Is called the radius vector. It has constant magnitude but variable direction, 1. Terminology Related to Circular Motion 11 Angular Position The angle made by the position vector w.r-t. origin, with the reference ya line is called angular position. Clearly angular position depends on the choice of the origin as well as the reference line, 0 ox ‘The angular position of particle P at a given instant may be described by the angle 0 between OP and OX. This angle is called the angular position of the particle. 12 Angular Displacement ‘Angle traced by the position vector of particle moving w.r.t. some fixed point is called angular displacement. AO = angular displacement are angle = 21 : radius arc PP! so 7 + Small angular displacement 46 is a vector quantity, but large angular displacement A0 is not a vector quantity. i, +d8, = di, +d, But a0, + a0, « A0, + A0, * Direction of angular displacement is perpendicular to the plane of rotation and is given by right hand thumb rule. + Angular displacement is dimensionless and its S.l. unit is radian while other units are degree and revolution. 2x radian = 360° = revolution Circular Motion 1Example 1: A particle moving on 7m radius circular path. If it covers 21m distance on circular path then find angular displacement. solution: wo 10 = angular caplaceren Beard a bs radius 7 in degree ao = 3 x 180 = 540 12 Angular Velocity (a) Iria defined ab the rate of change of angular diplacement of @ moving partici, wir. to me : : ingle tracec Hfixe angle traced pow] 00 Te taken Pa = Its unit is rad/s and dimensions is [T”'). Os 1.3.1 Average Angular Velocity (0,.) totalangle rotation 6,-0, 00 totaltimetaken t,t, At where 0, and 0, are the angular positions of the particle at instants t, and t,, It is a scaler quantity. 1.3.2 _ Instantaneous Angular Velocity The angular velocity at some particular instant a0 _ do wear dt It is an axial vector. 1.4 Relation Between Linear and Angular Velocity arc__ as Q Angel (A0) = Soas Be) = gias 5 Pipat so tnen 2. [=a Example 15: For traffic moving at 60 km/h, if the radius of the curve is 0.1 km, what is the correct banking 10 m/s’) angle of the road? ( Solution: In case of banking tano =. Here v = 60 km/h e 80/3x50/3 100%10 “ Circular Motion+ Friction and Banking of Road Both If a vehicle is moving on a circular road which is rough and banked also, then three forces may act on the vehicle, of these the first force, ie., weight (mg) is fixed both in magnitude and direction. The direction of second force, Le., normal reaction N Is also fixed (perpendicular to road) while the direction of the third force, Le., friction f can be either inwards or outwards while its magnitude can be varied upto a maximum limit (Fny = uN). $0, direction and the magnitude of friction f are so adjusted that the resultant of the three forces mentioned above is towards the centre. (a) If speed of the vehicle is small then friction acts outwards. In this case, N cos@ +f sind N cos 0+ f sin 0= mg onl) and N sin 0- feos 9=¥" (i) oO) For minimum speed f = uN So, by dividing equation (I) by equation (i) Neos0-4yiNsind __mg Nsind=yNeosO — mvi,,/R* tani Te utand Therefore ya =e If we assume jt = tan @, then o[ S| seen) T+ tandtand (b) If speed of vehicle is high then friction force act inwards. In this case for maximum speed N.cos 0 ~ HN sin 0= mg Meme, Nsin@ + f cose and Nesin 0+ uN cos which gives mig+ F sind Vous = fe) SOLA | Jagtanore (i= ytand) Hence for successful turning on a rough banked road, velocity of vehicle must satisfy following relation RetanO-@ © Death Well or Rotor: In case of ‘death well’ a person drives a motorcycle on the vertical surface of a Hy tare wooden SATREMTRIR ot « rotor 5 parson ene eRRRBL it th wall without afta enna see ee otc. In doath wol alls are at rest and person revolves while in ase of ator person NET} In at reat and the walls rotate, in both cases flction balances the weight of pa person while reaction provides the centripetal force for circular motion, eu, >) femgand N= 2 mre? Deathwen Lath ‘Acar has to move on a level turn of radius (R = 45 m).If the coefficient of static friction between, tyre and road is 4 = 0.2. Find the maximum speed the car can take without skidding is given by: () 20 m/s, (2)10 mis (3) 9.39 m/s (4) 25 m/s A car of mass 1000 kg moves on a circular track of radius 20 m. It the coefficient of friction is 0.64, what is the maximum velocity with which the car can be moved ? A road is 8 m wide. Its average radius of curvature is 40 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge by a distance of 1.28 m. Find the velocity of vehicle for which the road Is most sulted ? (g=10 m/s’) Circular Motion 74 as a6 ® A circular track has radius of 20 m. if banking angle is 45° then find optimum speed on circular track, Two particles tied to different strings are whirled in a horizontal circle as shown in figure. The ratio of lengths of the strings so that they complete their circular path with equal time period ‘A person wants to drive on the vertical surface of large cylindrical wooden ‘well’ commonly know as ‘death well’ in a circus. The radius of the well is 2 meter, and the coefficient of friction between the tyres of the motorcycle and the wall of the well is 0.2, the minimum speed the motorcyclist must have in order to prevent slipping should be: (1) 10 m/s (2) 15 m/s (3) 20 m/s (4) 25 mis Motion in Vertical Circle ‘Suppose a particle of mass m is attached to a light inextensible string of length R. The particle is moving in a vertical circle of radius R about a fixed point O. It is imparted a velocity u in the horizontal direction at lowest point A. Let v be its velocity at point P of the circle as shown in. the figure. led in a vertical circle then three cases are possible- When a particle is wh mgcos® mgsind 195!00 ng Case 1: Particle oscillates in lower half circle. Case Il: Particle moves to upper half circle but not able to complete loop. Case Ill: Particle completes loop. Circular MotionCase-1 Condition of Oscillation (o SER Therefore, if J2ER YBER, the particle will complete the =9"@ circle Note : In case of light rod tension at top most point can never be zero so velocity will become Yio 2 OR For completing the loop v, > /4aR Example 1 A particle of mass m tied to string of length ¢ and given a circular motior the vertical plane. IF it performs the complete loop motion then prove that difference in tensions at the lowest and the highest point is 6 mg. Solution: Let the speeds at the lowest and highest points be u and v respectively [At the lowest point, tension “ At the highest point, tension 7 By conservation of mechanical energy, = mg «i me me ing(ay) > ut =v + age Se - BE = mg29 cB Substituting this in equation () mv" 4g) 7 TL=mg+ ) From equation (ii) and (ii) T, - 1, = 6 mE. Note : This implies that the Tension in string at lower point is always 6 mg more than Tension. at upper point irrespective of velocity. 20 Circular MotionExample 20: Calculate the following for the situation shown D v.=¥7R 7 c 8 (a) Speed at D (b) Normal reaction at D (c) Height Solution: (a) Similarly At‘D" 1 Lew? malR) + Sm(7ER) = Smvg" + mgl2R) ve" AER (b) Ny + mg = NB (b) Ny B R Ny = 4:mg (c) ACC: By energy conservation mgt ~ R) = 72m c= BEAR) = TER = 2(H-R)=7R > H=45R Example 21: A rigid rod of length ¢ and negligible mass has a ball of mass m attached to one end with its other end fixed, to form a pendulum as shown in figure. The pendulum is inverted, with the rod vertically up, and then released. Find the speed of the ball and the tension in the rod at the lowest point of the trajectory of ball. Solution: From COME: 2mel =4tmv? > v = fag = 26 At the lowest point, laws ofckeular dynamics eld, T=mg =! > 7 =mg el =5mmg. aer ced at Qa Q2 a3 ‘A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light string of length ¢ = 10 m is whirling in a circular path in the vertical plane. If the ratio of the maximum to minimum tensions in the string is 3, find the speeds of the stone at the lowest and highest points. ‘A car Is moving along a hilly road as shown (side view). The coefficient of static friction between the tyres and the pavement is constant and the car maintains a steady speed. If at one of the points shown the driver applies brakes as hard as possible without making the tyres slip, the magnitude of the frictional force immediately after the brakes are applied will be maximum if 4 the car was at: Pr | © a 1 5 (0 point A (2) point 8 (2) point ¢ (4) friction force same for positions A, B and C A particle slides on the surface of a fixed smooth sphere starting from the topmost point. Find the angle rotated by the radius through the particle, when it leaves contact with the sphere. Circular MotionANSWER KEY FOR CONCEPT BUILDERS CONCEPT BUILDER-1 va TE radisec 2 a 4. 7 ® CONCEPT BUILDER-2 Bl nyse 2 3 6 mis? second a ~3krad/s®, -2k rad/s a= 6 rad/sect Amis ® CONCEPT BUILDER-3 16N 2 moa 1.225 rad/sec CONCEPT BUILDER-4 @ 2 12 mis emis 4 1042 mis a 0 E 0} CONCEPT BUILDER-5 Viomest = 20¥2 ms; V,.., = 20 ms-" @) 3 cos" (2/3) 23ror 2 Kinematics of Circular Motion A particle of mass 'm’ describes a circle of radius (9. The centripetal acceleration of 4 the particle is 4. The momentum of the fi particle: 2 @ z oo @ + A particle is moving around a circular path with uniform angular speed (o). The radius of the circular path is r. The acceleration of the particle is :~ @s (ve A car moves on a circular road, describing equal angles about the centre in equal intervals of time. Which of the statements about the velocity of car it true :- (velocity is constant (2) magnitude of velocity is constant but the direction of velocity change (3) both magnitude and direction of velocity change (4) velocity Is directed towards the centre of circle ‘An insect trapped in a circular groove of radius 12 cm moves along the groove steadily and completes 7 revolutions in 100 s. What is the linear speed of the motion: () 2.3 em/s (3) 0.44 cm/s (2) 8.3 cm/s (4) None of these A particle moves in a circle of the radius 25 cm at two revolutions per second. The acceleration of the particle in m/sec” is: ay (2) Bn? @4e (4) 25" A particle moves in a circle describing ‘equal angle in equal times, its velocity vector: (1) remains constant (2) change in magnitude (8) change in direction (4) changes in magnitude and direction ‘A mass of 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle by means of a string at an initial speed of 5 rpm. Keeping the radius constant the tension in the string is doubled, The new speed is nearly (Trp. (2) 14 r.p.m. (3) 10 r.p.m. (4) 20 rpm. A particle moving along a circular path. The angular velocity, linear velocity, angular acceleration and centripetal acceleration of the particle at any instant respectively are &, V, d, a. Which of the following relation is/are correct: @olv ) La ovla, @ a1, Mabe 2) bed Babe acd A particle is acted upon by a force of constant magnitude which is always perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, The motion of the particle takes place ina plane, It follows, that: () its velocity is constant (2) Its KE. is constant (8) Its acceleration is constant (4) it moves in a straight line Circular Motion10. 1. 2 B. 1“. If the equation for the displacement of a particle moving on a circular path is given by @) tin seconds, then the angular velocity of the particle after 2 s from its start is; (8 rad/s. (2) 12 rad/s (3) 24 rad/s (4) 36 rad/s 21” + 0.5, where 0 is in radians and A body moves with constant angular velocity on a circle. Magnitude of angular acceleration: (10? (3) Zero (2) Constant (4) None of these A particle of mass m revolving in horizontal circle of radius R with uniform speed v, When particle goes from one end to other end of diameter, then: lee (1) KE. changes by Sv (2) KEE. change by mv? (2) no change in momentum (4) change in momentum is 2 mv A stone is tied to one end of string 50 cm long and is whirled in a horizontal circle with constant speed. if the stone makes 10 revolutions in 20 s, then what is the magnitude of acceleration of the stone :~ (1) 493 cm/s? (2) 720 em/s* (2) 860 cm/s? (4) 990 cm/s? For a particle in a non-uniform accelerated circular motion :~ (D velocity is radial and acceleration Is transverse only (2) velocity Is transverse and acceleration is radial only (8) velocity is radial and acceleration has both radial and transverse components (4) velocity Is transverse and acceleration has both radial and transverse components Circular Motion 15. 16. ” 9. ‘Two particles having mass 'M’ and ‘m’ are moving in a circular path having radius R and r. If their time period are same then the ratio of angular velocity will be: oe @ét @1 “ E Angular velocity of minute hand of a clock Zrad/s (2) 8 rad/s 2 2 7800 7800 (3) Serad/s (4) orad/s ‘A car moving with speed 30 m/s on a circular path of radius 500 m. Its speed is, Increasing at the rate of 2m/s*. The acceleration of the car is: () 9.8 m/s? (2)1.8 m/s? (@2m/s* (2) 2.7 m/s? A body of mass 1 kg tied to one end of string is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 0.1 m with a speed of 3 revolution Jsec, assuming the effect of gravity Is negligible, then linear velocity, acceleration and tension in the string will be :~ (1) 1.88 m/s, 35.5 m/s”, 36.5 N (2) 1.88 m/s, 45.5 m/s’, 45.5 N (3) 3.88 m/s, 55.5 m/s, 55.5 N (4) None of these A particle moves along a circle of radius acceleration. If the velocity of the particle is 80 m/s at the end of the second revolution after motion has begun, the ‘tangential acceleration i (1) 40 m/s? (2) 640 x mm/s” (3) 160 x m/s” (4) 40 x m/s? constant tangential20. a. 23. The angular velocity of a wheel Is 70 rad/s. If the radius of the wheel is 0.5 m, then linear velocity of the wheel is: () 70 mis (2) 35 mis (3) 30 m/s (4) 20 m/s A stone tied to the end of a string of 1m {ong is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant speed. If the stone makes 22 revolution in 44 seconds, what is the magnitude and direction of acceleration of the stone: (1) x? ms and direction along the tangent to the circle. (2) x? ms” and direction along the radius towards the centre, @ Sms nd direction along the radius towards the centre, (4) © ms” and direction along the radius away from the centre. A fly wheel rotating at 600 rev/min is brought under uniform deceleration and stopped after 2 minutes, then what is angular deceleration in rad/sec”? mF (2)10 1 Op (4) 300 Angular displacement of any particle is 1 ven t+2at® where o, and a are eh t+ 0 5 rad/sec® then in t = 2 sec. Then angular velocity will be: (in rad/sec) mi Qs @)3 aa constant if @, = 1 rad/sec, « 24, 25. ‘The angular acceleration of particle moving along a circular path with ui speed: () uniform but non zero 2) zero (8) variable (4) as can not be predicted from given Information A body is revolving with a constant speed along a circle. If its direction of motion is, reversed but the speed remains the same then: (a) the centripetal force will not suffer any change in magnitude (b) the centripetal force will have its direction reversed (©) the centripetal force will not suffer any change in direction (d) the centripetal force is doubled Map be @ad Mac a, and a, represent radial and tangential acceleration. The motion of a particle will be uniform circular motion if: ()a,=0anda,=0 (2)a,= 0 but a, +0 @)a,#0buta=0 (4) a,20.anda,+0 In uniform circular motion the velocity vector and acceleration vector are (1) Perpendicular to each other (2) Same direction (3) Opposite direction (4) Not related to each other Circular Motion29. 30. a. 32. A string of length 10 em breaks if its tension exceeds 10 newtons. A stone of mass 250 £ tied to this string, is rotated in a horizontal circle. The maximum angular velocity of rotation can be: (1) 20 rad/s (2) 40 rad/s (3) 100 rad/s (4) 200 rad/s Dynamics of Circular Motion If the speed and radius both are tripled for a body moving on a circular path, then the new centripetal force will be: () Doubled of previous value (2) Equal to previous value (3) Triple of previous value (4) One third of previous value A string of length 0.1 m cannot bear a tension more than 100N. It is tied to a body of mass 100 g and rotated in a horizontal circle. The maximum angular velocity can be: (1) 100 rad/s (8) 10000 rad/s (2) 1000 rad/s (4) 0.1 rad/s The radius of the circular path of a particle is doubled but its frequency of rotation i kept constant. If the initial centripetal force be F, then the final value of centripetal force will be: oF (Fie (@) 4F (4) 2F 0.5 kg ball moves in a circle of radius 0.4 m at a speed of 4 ms”. The centripetal force on the ball is: (10N (3) 40N (2)20N (4) 80N Circular Motion 33, 35. ‘The earth (M, = 6 * 10 kg) is revolving around the sun in an orbit of radius (1.5 * 10") km with angular velocity of (2 « 107) rad/s. The force (in newton) exerted on the earth by the sun will be: (1) 36 x 107 (2) 16 « 10 (9) 25 «10° (4) Zero ‘A 500 kg car takes a round turn of radius 50 m with a velocity of 36 km/hr. The centripetal force is: (1) 250 N (2) 1000 N (8) 750 N (4) 1200 N ‘A motor cycle driver doubles its velocity when he is taking a turn. The force exerted towards the centre will become: () double (2) half 1 (2) 4 times OF ‘The force required to keep a body in uniform circular motion is: (1) Centripetal force (2) Centrifugal force (3) Resistance (4) None of the above A car moving on a horizontal road may be thrown out of the road in taking a turn: (1) by the gravitational force (2) due to lack of proper centripetal force (3) due to rolling friction between the tyres and the road (4) due to reaction of the road 2739. 40. a. Motion in Vertical Circle Let '0" denote the angular displacement of a simple pendulum oscillating in a vertical plane. If the mass of the bob is (m), then the tension in string is mg cos 0: () always: (2) never, (8) at the extreme positions (4) at the mean posit ‘A pendulum bob has a speed 3 m/s while passing through its lowest position, length of the pendulum is 0.5 m then its speed when it makes an angle of 60° with the vertical is: (2 mis (2)1 mis (3) 4 mis (4) 3 mvs The mass of the bob of a simple pendulum of length Lis m. If the bob is left from its horizontal position then the speed of the bob and the tension in the thread at the position of the bob will be respectively: lowest Do A Iv (2) 3 mg and gt (4) 2 gl and 3mg () Yat and 3 mg (3) 2mg and sac A stone of mass 1 kg is tied to the end of a string of 1 m length. It is whirled in a vertical circle. If the velocity of the stone at the top be 4 m/s. What is the tension in the string at that instant? Men (2)16N @)5N (4)10N 42. In a vertical circle of radius (7), at what point in its path a particle may have tension equal to zero: () highest point (2) lowest point (2) at any point (4) at a point horizontal from the centre of radius A stone attached to one end of a string is, whirled in a vertical circle. The tension in the string is maximum when: (1) the string is horizontal (2) the string is vertical with the stone at highest position (2) the string is vertical with the stone at the lowest position (4) the string makes an angle of 45° with the vertical A particle is moving in a vertical circle the tension in the string when passing through ‘two position at angle 30° and 60° from vertical from lowest position are T, and T, respectively then: On=T @h7, (@)T,27, A body crosses the topmost point of a vertical circle with critical speed. What will be its centripetal acceleration when the string is horizontal: me (2) 2g 3g (4) 6g Stone tied at one end of light string is whirled round a vertical circle. if the difference between the maximum and minimum tension experienced by the string wire is 2 kg wt, then the mass of the stone must be: ()1kg @ 13 ke (2) 6 kg (a) 2ke Circular Motiona7. 48. 49. If the overbridge is concave instead of being convex, then the thrust on the road at the lowest position will be: omer me @ me @ “8 A particle of mass m is performing vertical circular motion (see figure). If the average velocity of the particle is increased, then at which point maximum breaking possibility of the string: A m ° c 5 Ma @e @c @o A fighter plane is moving in a vertical circle of radius "Its minimum velocity at the highest point of the circte will be: «) Ber (2) sper le @ fe @ Jer 52. A stone of mass 0.2 kg Is tied to one end of a thread of length 0.1 m whirled in a vertical circle. When the stone is at the lowest point of circle, tension in thread is 52 N then velocity of the stone will be: 4 mis (2) 5 mis (9) 6 m/s (8) 7 mis {A suspended simple pendulum of length ¢ is making an angle 0 with the vertical. On releasing, its velocity at lowest point will be (» sais c0805 (9) q2gitt= cos) (2) \agrsino @ pet A bob hangs from a rigid support by an inextensible string of length (. If it is displaced through a distance ¢ (from the lowest position) keeping the string straight & released, the speed of the bob at the lowest position is: fer ) per (2) Bet (4) eeoa’ Keeping the banking angle of the road constant, the maximum safe speed of passing vehicles is to be increased by 10%, The radius of curvature of the road will have to be changed from 20 m to: (16m (2) 18m (3) 24.20 m (4) 30.5 m Three identical particles are joined together by a thread as shown in figure. All the three particles are moving in a horizontal plane. If the velocity of the outermost particle is v,, then the ratio of tensions in the three sections of the string is: i_*_7_ 3 iii ()3:8:7 Qa:4:5 @) 7:16 4) 6 A stone is tied to a string of length ‘U' and is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string as the centre. Ata certain instant of time, the stone Is at its lowest u. The position and has a speed magnitude of the change in velocity as it reaches a position where the string is horizontal (g being acceleration due to gravity) ist (Pe (2) u- fi? 2g (3) sper (4) =e) ‘A weightless thread can withstand tension upto 30 N. A stone of mass 0.5 kg is tied to it and is revolved In a circular path of radius 2m in a vertical plane. If g = 10 m/s’, then the maximum angular velocity of the stone can be: () S rad/s (3) ¥60 rad/s (2) ¥30 rad/s (4) 10 rad/s 5. ‘Amass tied to a string moves in a vertical circle with a uniform speed of 5 m/s as shown. At the point P the string breaks, The mass will reach a height above P of nearly (g = 10 m/s’) Pp aim (2) 0.5 m 175m (4) 1.25 m A frictionless track ABCDE ends in a circular loop of radius R. A body slides down the track from point A which is at a height h = 5 em, Maximum value of R for the body to successfully complete the at point Bis SRE) 5 cm (4) 20m 10 (3) 2 om oF A simple pendulum is oscillating without damping. When the displacement of the bob is less than maximum, its acceleration vector is correctly shown in: amNY “SY Circular Motion10. A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible liquid of mass M and closed at both the ends. The tube is then rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform angular velocity . The force exerted by the liquid at the other end is: MLo? Mo ‘ 2) oo @ 2 ML! (9) Los @ ee ‘A car runs at a constant speed on a circular track of radius 100 m, taking 62.8 seconds for every circular lap. The average velocity and average speed for each circular lap respectively is: (00 (2) 0, 10 mis (3)10 m/s, 10 m/s (4) 10 m/s, 0 ‘A roller coaster is designed such that riders experience "weightlessness" as they 0 round the top of a hill whose radius of curvature is 20 m. The speed of the car at 10 m/s’) the top of the hill is between. (g () 16 m/s and 17 m/s (2)13 m/s and 14 m/s (3) 14 m/s and 15 m/s (4) 15 m/s and 16 m/s Circular Motion a 13. A particle moves in x-y plane according to rule x = a sin ot and y ‘The particle follows: () An elliptical path (2) Acircular path (9) A parabolic path (4) A straight line path inclined equaled to xand y-axes a cos at. ‘A gramophone record is revolving with an angular velocity . A coin is placed at a distance r from the centre of the record. ‘The static coefficient of friction is. The coin will revolve with the record if: ug (2) r= go" re @) One rst A stone tied to a light rod is moving in a vertical circle of radius ‘r’, Its minimum velocity at the lowest point of the circle will be: ) er 2) rer @) Jer fe a fe aRead the (1 to 22) 3. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: Assertion and Reason carefully and mark the correct options (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion, (8) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of Assertion. (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false. (D) Assertion and Reason are false Assertion: in non-uniform circular motion, velocity vector and acceleration vector are not perpendicular to each other. Reason: In non-uniform circular motion, particle has normal as well as tangential acceleration. Ma Qe @c @o Assertion: If a body is in state of uniform circular motion then its velocity and acceleration both are varying. Reason: If magnitude of velocity is v and radius of uniform circular motion is r then magnitude of acceleration is v‘/r. WA Qe @ec (0 Assertion: A particle is moving in a circle with constant tangential acceleration such that its speed v is increasing. Angle made by resultant acceleration of the particle with tangential acceleration increases with time. a Reason: Tangential acceleration - at and centripetal acceleration = Ma @e ac @o Assertion angular acceleration is zero. Reason: In uniform circular motion, acceleration is constant. MA aes @e @)o In uniform circular motion, Assertion: In circular motion acceleration i always towards centre. Reason: In uniform circular motion velocity is constant. Ma Qe @c @)o Assertion: If a particle is moving on a div ot curved path its may be zero. Reason: A particle can move on curved path without any acceleration. Ma (eB @ec (4). Assertion: infinitesimally small angular displacement is a vector quantity. Reason: Angular velocity doesn't depend upon reference frame, MA @e @ec oD Asvertion: & bob of mass m is freely suspended from a light rod of length L The minimum speed given to bob at lowest position to complete vertical circle is 24. Reneon: A bob of mass i Is fresly suspended from a light string of length L. IF bob Is given speed xfegi at the lower position then bob will be complete vertical circle, Ma Bs @ec (4)D Circular Motion10. 1 2 1B. Assertion: Average angular velocity is a scalar quantity. Reason: Large angular displacements (40) is a scalar. MA ae @ec (@)o Assertion: During a safe turn, with constant speed the value of centripetal force should be less than or equal to the lUmiting frictional force. Reason: The centripetal force is provided by the frictional force between the tyre and the road, Ma Qs @c @o Assertion: In uniform circular motion of a particle, sum of power delivered to it by all the forces acting on the particle is Reason: In uniform circular motion dot product of two perpendicular vectors, force and velocity is always zero, Ma Qs @ec @o Assertion: A body having uniform speed in circular path has a acceleration. Reason: Direction of acceleration is always away from the centre, MA Qe @ec (@o variable fecarior: In norm ekeuar matin, mnagtude of secteraton ts 2 and drecton is alvaye towards te centre Reson In untorm cular etn, (A Bs @c (40 Circular Motion 1“. 16. 16. 7 8. Assertion: Whenever a particle moves in a circular path with uniform speed, an acceleration exists which Is directed towards the centre. Reason: The net acceleration of a particle in circular motion is always radially inward. MA ae @ec @o Assertion: If the speed of a body is constant, the body cannot have a path other than a circular or straight tine path, Reason: It is not possible for a body to have a constant speed in an accelerated motion, Ma Qe @c @)o Assertion: In circular motion, centripetal and centrifugal forces act in opposite directions and balance each other. Reason: Centripetal force is a pseudo force. MA @s @e @)o Assertion: In uniform circular motion of a body, its linear speed constant, Reason: In uniform circular motion total acceleration of the body has no radial component. Ma es @ec 0 Assertion: In non-uniform circular motion, linear speed of the body is variable. Reason: In non-uniform circular motion, acceleration of the body Is towards the centre. Ma @s @ec 0 332. 20. a. Assertion: & body is moving along a ciecle with a variable angular speed. Work done by centripetal force will be zero. Reason: In non-uniform circular motion, net force on the body is not in the radial direction. Ma Qe @e @)o Assertion: A body tied to an end of a string is whirled along a vertical circle by giving some velocity at the lowest position. If the velocity becomes zero before the tension in the string is zero, the body will leave the circular path at the position of its zero velocity and then fall vertically downward. Reason: In vertical circular motion, tension in the string at the highest position is maximum. Ma Qe @ec (@o Assertion: A body tied to an end of a i Is whirled along a vertical circle with such a velocity at the lowest point that, at some position, tension in the string Js zero but the speed at the posi non-zero. The body will leave the circular nis path at the position of zero tension. Reason: In vertical circular motion, so as to cross the highest point along the circle, speed at the highest point, v,, > 0 MA ae @ec (@)o Assertion: On an unbanked road, as the frictional force increases, the safe velocity limit for taking a turn also Reason: Banking of roads will increase the value of limiting velocity. Ma es @e @o A particle Is suspended from a string of length {and is given a velocity u= ae at the bottom. If vay and VosTe be the velocity, tension at points B and C, then Match the following and choose the correct option. f > Column column a 7 w| & Je} |) £ Je 4 a | i o]| ze fms r o| = || 7 of = |e M@=-R,@)-8,(©)-P,(0)-P (2)(A) - P, (8) Q.(C)- R,(0)-S (9) (A) - (8) - P, (©) Q (0) -P (4) (A) = 8, (8) = R,(C)- P,(D)- Circular Motionacy The position vector of a particle Ras a function of time is given by R= dsin(2nt)i + 4cos(2nt) Where R is in meters, ts In seconds and i and j denote unit vectors along x and yedirections, respectively. Which one of the following statements fs wrong forthe motion of particle ? [AIPMT_2015] (Path ofthe partici is a circle of radius A meter (2) Acceleration vectors is along -f {) Mapritude of acceleration vectors te (4) Magnitude of the velocity of particle 8 meter /second A particle of mass 10 g moves along a circle of radius 6.4 cm with a constant tangential acceleration. What is the magnitude of this acceleration if the kinetic energy of the particle becomes equal to 8 x 10 J by the end of the second revolution after the beginning of the motion? [alpMT_2015) (1) 0.1 m/s? (2) 0.18 m/s? (8) 0.18 m/s (4) 0.2 m/s? What is the minimum velocity with which a body of mass m must enter a vertical loop of radius R at lowest point so that It can complete the loop? _[AIPMT_2015] Jer (2) Per ® @ Circular Motion 4 6 COCR CD} A car is negotiating a curved road of radius R. The road is banked at an angle 0. The coefficient of friction between the tyres of the car and the road is jz The maximum safe velocity on this road Is: INEET_2016] ptsttand Rn tant Eis tend 4) © Varta, cand In the given figure, a = 15 m/s? represents the total acceleration of a particle moving In the clockwise direction in a circle of radius R = 2.5 m at a given instant of time, ‘The speed of the particle Is: [NEET_2016] e 6 () 5.7 m/s (2) 6.2 m/s (45 m/s (4) 5.0 m/s A particle moves so that its position vector is given by f=cosutk+sinaty Where © is a constant. Which of the INEET_1_2016] () Velocity and acceleration both are following is true? perpendicular to F (2) Velocity and acceleration both are parallel to F (B) Velocity is perpendicular to 7 and acceleration is directed towards the origin (4) Velocity is perpendicular to 7 and acceleration is directed away from the origin 35‘One end of string of length ( is connected toa particle of mass 'm' and the other end is connected to a small peg on a smooth horizontal table. If the particle moves in circle with speed ‘v’ the net force on the particle (directed towards centre) will be (1 represents the tension in the string): INEET_2017] ome (8) Zero A body initially at rest and sliding along a frictionless track from a height h (as shown in the figure) just completes a vertical circle of diameter AB = D. The height h is equal to: INEET_2018] h ~ a 50 @o z 5 @ Do (@) 30 A block of mass 10 kg is in contact against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum of radius 1m. The coefficient of friction between the block and the inner wall of the cylinder is 0.1. The minimum angular velocity needed for the cylinder to keep the block stationary when the cylinder is vertical and rotating about its axis, will be: « INEET_2019] () Vid rad/s 10 m/s’) 10 @ E radis (3) 10 rad/s (4) 10 rad/s 10. 1. 2 1B. ‘A mass m is attached to a thin wire and whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most likely to break when: [NEET_2019] (1) the mass Is at the highest point (2) the wire is horizontal (2) the mass is at the lowest point (4) inclined at an angle of 60° from ver al Two particles A and B are moving in uniform circular motion in concentric circles of radius r, and r, with speed v, and v, respectively. The time period of rotation is the same. The ratio of angular speed of A to that of 8 will be: INEET_2019] 2) 04: 0 i Om: Bt: A particle starting from rest, moves in a circle of radius 'r'. It attains a velocity of V, m/s in the nth round. acceleration will be: [NEET_2019(Odisha)] Its angular () brady? 7 Ne ©) 2nnr? ad/ 5? (@) horas? Gane ¥ uy O sane rad/s? The angular speed of the wheel of a vehicle is increased from 360 rpm to 1200 rpm in 14 second acceleration is: Its angular INEET_2020(covid)] (0) 2 rad/s? (2) 28x rad/s? (3) 120m rad/s? (4)1 rad/s? Circular Motion1“. 6. A point mass ‘m’ Is moved in a verticat circle of radius with the help of a string. The velocity of the mass is 7gr at the lowest point. The tension in the string at the lowest point is: INEET_2020(covid)] (2) 7 mg (a) 11mg Or (@)8mg The angular speed of a fly wheel moving with uniform angular acceleration changes from 1200 rpm to 3120 rpm in 16 seconds. The angular acceleration in rad/s” is: [NEET_2022] (2x (2)4n (3) 128 (4) 104% Circular Motion 16. "7 ‘The angular acceleration of a body, moving. along the circumference of a circle, is: INEET_2023] (1) along the radius, away from centre (2) along the radius towards the centre (2) along the tangent to its position (4) along the axis of rotation A particle is executing uniform circular motion with velocity ¥ and acceleration 4. Which of the following is true? INEET_2023(Manipur)] (1) ¥ is a constant; 4 Is not a constant (2) ¥ isnot a constant; a is not a constant (@) ¥ is a constant; 4 is a constant (4) ¥ is not a constant; a is a constant 37ANSWER KEY Circular Motion