e.

The difference between single-acting or double-acting pneumatic

cylinders is:
Single-acting has one inlet part that push only in one direction while the double-
acting has tow port (inlet and exhaust) so it move in both directions.

f. The differences: (1 pneumatic 2 hydraulic )

• Pressure operated with:

1. Low : 6 to 10 bars

2. High : 130 bars

• Control abilities:

1. Fully extend or retract

2. Servo-controlled the length and speed

• The type of fluid circuit:

1. Open circuit , air not recirculated

2. Close circuit, the oil recirculate (after being cooled and filtered )

• The magnitude of the forces created:

1. Depends on the pressure

2. Very large forces

• The robustness of construction:

1. Idk xD

2. Very thick and rigid metals

g. The foor words of the vocabulary list in sentences:

• The elastic region is a combination of rigid and flexible materials.

• The auxiliary battery is used to power electrical devices on board.

• Motor control can be provided by solenoid switch for simplicity.

• All aircraft must have internal auxiliary fuel tanks.

Part II:
h. The main topics in this video are :
The explaining of the purpose of an actuator

• The discussion of the two types of actuators

• The look of the three typical sources of energy required for an actuator to
move something

• The observe the operation of an actuator which is used in a very common

industrial control application What is an actuator: an actuator is a device that
makes something move or operate.

The two examples given on actuators:

• The door opens automatically in grocery store and actuator makes it happen.

• actuator makes the car seat move forward or backward before we drive away in
our car.

What makes an actuator move:

An actuator receives a source of energy and uses it to move something (it

converts a source of energy into a physical mechanical motion ).

The two actuator movements:

1. linear: An actuator can move something in a straight line

2. Rotary: An actuator can make something move in a circular motion

The typical actuators in the industry includes:

• electric motors .

• hydraulic motors .

• pneumatic control valves.

If you want to add this detail on the (pneumatic actuator in action the PLC
analog output card produces a 4 to 20 mA current to move the valve from fully
open to fully that is converted to pneumatic pressure which becomes the source
of energy to operate the actuator).