Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 1

This print-out should have 15 questions. s

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
 
kL L
the next column or page – find all choices 9. − 11 g
m 10
before answering.
Explanation:
001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Using conservation of energy with E = K +
A ball of mass m is attached to a spring of Us + Ug and taking Ug = 0 at the instant the
negligible mass, and force constant k. The system is vertical we get
spring is freely pivoted at the opposite end
from the ball, and the system is initially at
rest and horizontal. Ei = Ef
L Ki + Usi + Ugi = Kf + Usf + Ugf
1 1
0 + 0 + m g (L + ∆L) = m v 2 + k (∆L)2
 2 2 
L2
 
11 L 1 2 1
mg = mv + k
L + ∆L

10 2 2 100
22 m g L k L 2
− = m v2
  10 100
mL kL
22 g − = mv 2
10 10 m
If the ball is allowed to fall, what is its s 
speed when the system is swinging through kL L
22 g − =v
the vertical and the spring is stretched an 10 m 10
L
amount ∆L = , where L is the spring’s
10
initial, unstretched length? 002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Having calculated the speed in the first part,
now find the acceleration a of the ball at the
s
k L2
1. point where it swings through the vertical
mg position.
s  
kL L 
kL

2. 10 g − 1. ĵ − 2g
m 100 110 m
r  
mgL kL
3. 2. ĵ − g correct
10 10 m
!
v2
s 
kL L 3. ĵ g − 11 L
4. 22 g − correct
10 m 10 10
s  4. ĵ g
kL
5. − 10 g L 
kL

m 5. ĵ +g
s  10 m
kL 
kL

6. g− L 6. ĵ
m 10 m
s 
kL L 7. 0
7. − 22 g
10 m 10  
kL
8. ĵ 2g −
8. Not enough information is given. 110 m
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 2

  T = 3 m g cos θ
kL 
T

9. −ĵ −g θ = arccos
10 m 3mg
Explanation: 
26.8 N

From Newton’s 2nd Law, = arccos
3(3.02 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )
X
ma = Fi = ĵ (k ∆L) − ĵ (m g) = 72.4317◦ .
 
kL
a = ĵ −g .
10 m
004 10.0 points
2
Note that substituting v from part 1 into A civil engineer is to design a road curve at a
v2 v2 95.2 m radius to carry racing cars traveling at
a= = will generate a completely 24 m/s.
r L + ∆L
wrong answer, since the mass m is neither
moving in a circle nor at a constant speed.

003 10.0 points

A 3.02 kg ball is attached a fish line rated to
withstand 26.8 N. The ball is released from 4
rest at the horizontal position (θ0 = 90◦ ). 0. 1
At what angle θ (measured from the verti- µ=
cal) will the fish line break? The acceleration θ
of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
1. 86.572
2. 67.2086 At what angle θ should it be banked for
3. 79.8071 maximum control of the racing car? The
4. 61.8546 coefficient of friction of the surface is 0.14 and
5. 58.2221 the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
6. 72.4317 1. 45.363
7. 75.3872 2. 27.6897
8. 59.3961 3. 31.6908
9. 78.1332 4. 37.1672
10. 82.483 5. 36.0329
6. 18.4982
Correct answer: 72.4317◦. 7. 25.3378
Explanation: 8. 13.8944
In the swing down to the breaking point, 9. 17.9385
energy is conserved: 10. 21.6596

m v2 Correct answer: 31.6908◦ .

m g r cos θ =
2 Explanation:
m v2
2 g m cos θ = .
r
At the breaking point, consider the radial Let : v = 24 m/s ,
forces: r = 95.2 m , and
X g = 9.8 m/s2 .
Fr = m ar
m v2 The car will have optimum control when
T − m g cos θ = the frictional force is zero, so the forces acting
r
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 3
on the car are the normal force and the force
due to gravity: 5. h ≈ 30 m
N cos θ y Explanation:
At a height of 10 meters,
N
x 50 J = m g h = m g (10 m)
N sin θ
mg = 5 N
and the total energy is 100 Joules. v = 0 at
mg the maximum height, so the kinetic energy is
0. The total energy will not change, so at the
To keep an object moving in a circle re-
top,
quires a force directed toward the center of
the circle; its magnitude is 100 J = m g h = (5 N) h
h = 20 m .
v2
Fc = m ac = m .
r
Using the free-body diagram, 006 10.0 points
A time-varying net force acting on a 4.2 kg
X v2 particle causes the object to have a displace-
Fx = N sin θ = m and ment given by
r
i
X x = a + b t + d t2 + e t3 ,
Fy = N cos θ = m g .
i where a = 1.7 m , b = 1.6 m/s , d =
−1.7 m/s2 , and e = 1.2 m/s3 , with x in
Dividing,
meters and t in seconds.
v2 (24 m/s)2 Find the work done on the particle in the
tan θ = = first 3.7 s of motion.
gr (9.8 m/s2 )(95.2 m)
1. 1070.04
= 0.61739
2. 161.978
θ = arctan(0.61739) = 31.6908◦ . 3. 3075.74
4. 298.142
5. 2683.95
005 10.0 points 6. 2809.64
A ball is thrown upward. At a height of 10 7. 908.418
meters above the ground, the ball has a po- 8. 240.93
tential energy of 50 Joules (with the potential 9. 160.154
energy equal to zero at ground level) and is 10. 1610.04
moving upward with a kinetic energy of 50
Joules. Correct answer: 3075.74 J.
What is the maximum height h reached by
the ball? Consider air friction to be negligible. Explanation:

1. h ≈ 50 m Let : ti = 0 s and
2. h ≈ 10 m tf = 3.7 s .
Since the force is time dependent
3. h ≈ 20 m correct Z xf Z xf
W ≡ ~
F · d~x = m a dx
4. h ≈ 40 m xi xi
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 4
Z xf Z xf
dv dv dx
=m dx = m dx
I
dt dx dt 4. Zero, since fk · dr = 0
Zxivf xi
1 1
=m v dv = m vf2 − m vi2 . 5. 2 π L fk
vi 2 2
π 
Therefore work done on the particle is the 6. − + 1 L fk correct
change in kinetic energy. For this case, 2

1 7. 2 (π + 1) L fk
W = ∆K = Kf − Ki = m (vf2 − vi2 ) ,
2 8. 2 L fk
where the velocity is
Explanation:
dx In the motion from P to Q,
v= = b + 2 d t + 3 e t2 .
dt Z
vi = 1.6 m/s and W = fk · dr = −fk L .

vf = (1.6 m/s) + 2 (−1.7 m/s2 ) (3.7 s) In the motion from Q back to P , the path
3 2 L π L fk
+3 (1.2 m/s ) (3.7 s) length is π , so W = − .
2 2
= 38.304 m/s , so Thus the total work done by the force of
kinetic friction is
π 
1 − + 1 L fk
W = Kf − Ki = m (vf2 − vi2 ) 2
2
1 h i and fk is not a conservative force.
= (4.2 kg) (38.304 m/s)2 − (1.6 m/s)2
2
008 10.0 points
= 3075.74 J .
A constant force is exerted for a short distance
on a block of mass that is initially at rest on a
007 10.0 points horizontal frictionless plane. This force gives
On a horizontal surface, an object slides from the block a certain final speed v. Suppose we
point P to point Q along a straight line, then repeat the experiment but, instead of starting
slides back from Q to P along a semicircle. from rest, the block is already moving with
constant speed 2 v in the direction of the force
at the moment we begin to apply the force.
After we exert the same constant force for
the same distance, the increase in the block’s
speed
P Q √
1. ( 5 + 2) v
If P and Q are a distance L apart, how
much work did the force of kinetic friction do 2. v
during the entire process? The magnitude of √
fk is fk . 3. ( 3 − 1) v
√
1. −(2 π + 1) L fk 4. ( 5 − 2) v correct

2. (2 π − 1) L fk 5. 0
√
3. −(π + 1) L fk 6. ( 3 − 2) v
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 5

7. cannot be determined from the informa-

4m
tion provided.
√

m
8. ( 2 − 1) v

.3
11
Explanation: 2.3 kg

40 ◦ α
1 1 9.8 m/s2
WF = ∆ K = m vf2 − m vi2
2 2 What is the maximum angle α which the
pendulum will swing to the right after hitting
When the block starts from rest, the work the peg as shown above?
done by the applied force is 1. 71.0778
2. 75.6516
3. 59.7175
vi = 0 , 4. 76.7362
vf = v , 5. 50.3683
1 6. 68.1834
WF = m v 2 7. 62.4173
2
8. 57.5351
9. 77.9371
When the block starts from initial velocity v, 10. 69.3478

Correct answer: 50.3683◦ .

vi = 2 v ,
vf = 2 v + ∆v , Explanation:
1 1
WF = m (2 v + ∆v)2 − m (2 v)2 Let : m = 2.3 kg ,
2 2
1 1 1 ℓ = 11.3 m ,
m v 2 = m (2 v + ∆v)2 − m (2 v)2
2 2√ 2 d = 4 m,
∆v = ( 5 − 2) v . θ = 40 ◦ , and
g = 9.8 m/s2 .

009 10.0 points
Note: The pendulum bob is released at a
height below the height of the peg.
A pendulum made of a string of length
11.3 m and a spherical bob of mass 2.3 kg
and negligible raius swings in a vertical plane.
The pendulum is released from an angular
position 40 ◦ from vertical as shown in the
figure below. The string hits a peg located
a distance 4 m below the point of suspension
and swings about the peg up to an angle α
on the other side of the peg. Then, the bob
proceeds to oscillate back and forth between
these two angular positions.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
The radius of the sphere about the peg
r = ℓ − d = 7.3 m . (1)
Relative to the the point of suspension, the
initial potential energy is
Ui = −m g ℓ cos θ . (2)
The final potential energy at the maximum
angle α which the pendulum will swing to the
right after hitting the peg is
Uf = −m g d − m g r cos α . (3)
Setting Eqs. 2 and 3 equal, we have
m g ℓ cos θ = m g d + m g r cos α
ℓ cos θ − d = r cos α , so (4)
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 6
 
ℓ cos θ − d
α = arccos (5)
r 011 10.0 points

(11.3 m) cos 40 − 4 m
◦  A block of mass m is pushed a distance D up
= arccos an inclined plane by a horizontal force F . The
(7.3 m)
plane is inclined at an angle θ with respect to
= 50.3683 ◦ . the horizontal. The block starts from rest and
the coefficient of kinetic friction is µk .
010 10.0 points
A spring-loaded gun can fire a projectile to a D
height h if it is fired straight up.
If the same gun is pointed at an angle of F
45◦ from the vertical, what maximum height m µk θ
h45◦ can now be reached by the projectile?
h
1. h45◦ =
4 If N is the normal force, the final speed of
h the block is given by
2. h45◦ = correct
2 r
2
h 1. v = (F cos θ − m g sin θ) D
3. h45◦ =√ m
2 r
h 2
4. h45◦ = √ 2. v = (F cos θ + m g sin θ − µk N ) D
2 2 m
r
5. h45◦ = h 2
3. v = (F cos θ − m g sin θ − µk N ) D
m
Explanation: correct
From conservation of energy, when fired r
straight up, 2
4. v = (F sin θ + µk N ) D
1 m
m v02 = m g h r
2 2
5. v = (F sin θ − µk N ) D
v2 m
h= 0 .
2g
r
2
6. v = (F cos θ − m g sin θ + µk N ) D
When fired at an angle of 45◦ , m
√
r
2
2 7. v = (F cos θ − µk N ) D
v0x = v0y = v0 sin 45 = ◦
v0 m
2 r
and 2
8. v = (F cos θ + m g sin θ) D
√ !2 m
1 1 2 Explanation:
m v02 = m v0 + m g h45◦
2 2 2 The force of friction has a magnitude
Ff riction = µk N . Since it is in the direc-
since the projectile still has horizontal velocity tion opposite to the motion, we get
at the maximum height. Thus
K=U Wf riction = −Ff riction D = −µk N D.
1
m v02 = m g h45◦
4 The normal force makes an angle of 90◦
v2 1 with the displacement, so the work done by it
h45◦ = 0 = h .
4g 2 is zero.
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 7
The work done by gravity is since θ = 0◦ ⇒ cos θ = 1.
Given:
Wgrav = m g D cos(90◦ + θ)
= −m g D sin θ . m = 2.7 × 103 kg
F1 = 1154 N
The work done by the force F is
F2 = 943 N
WF = F D cos θ . vf = 2.7 m/s
From the work-energy theorem we know that
Solution:
Wnet = ∆K ,
1 1
WF + Wgrav + Wf riction = m vf2 . (F1 − F2 ) d = mvf2
2 2
mvf2
Thus d=
r 2(F1 − F2 )
2 (2700 kg)(2.7 m/s)2
vf = (F cos θ − m g sin θ − µk N ) D . d=
m 2(1154 N − 943 N)
= 46.6422 m
012 10.0 points
3
A 2.7 × 10 kg car accelerates from rest under
the action of two forces. One is a forward 013 10.0 points
force of 1154 N provided by traction between A block starts at rest and slides down a fric-
the wheels and the road. The other is a 943 N tionless track except for a small rough area on
resistive force due to various frictional forces. a horizontal section of the track (as shown in
How far must the car travel for its speed to the figure below).
reach 2.7 m/s? It leaves the track horizontally, flies through
1. 33.6 the air, and subsequently strikes the ground.
2. 71.4261 The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
3. 80.9261
4. 72.2179 554 g

9.81 m/s2
5. 35.8278 v
6. 50.5443 b b b b
b b
7. 57.838
h

b
b
2.3 m

8. 41.0063 1.1 m b
b
9. 24.91 µ=0.3 b
b
10. 46.6422
3.92 m
Correct answer: 46.6422 m. At what height h above the ground is the
block released?
Explanation:
1. 4.20337
Basic Concepts:
2. 4.30026
1 3. 4.10219
Wnet = ∆K = Kf − Ki = mvf2 4. 4.39526
2
5. 4.60001
1 6. 5.20232
since vi = 0 m/s ⇒ Ki = mvi2 = 0 J.
2 7. 4.90073
Fnet = F1 − F2 8. 3.79761
9. 4.99735
Wnet = Fnet d cos θ = Fnet d 10. 3.9005
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 8

vx2 = 2 g h1 − 2 µ g ℓ
Correct answer: 4.30026 m.
vx2
Explanation: h1 = +µℓ (7)
2g
1
Let : x = 3.92 m , h2 = − g t2 (6)
2
g = 9.81 m/s2 ,
x = vx t . (5)
m = 554 g ,
x
µ = 0.3 , Using Eq. 6 and substituting t = from
vx
ℓ = 1.1 m , Eq. 5, we have
h2 = −2.3 m ,
 2
h = h1 − h2 , and 1 x
h2 = − g , so
vx = v . 2 vx
g x2
vx2 = − . (8)
m 2 h2
v Using Eq. 6 and substituting vx2 from Eq. 8,
h1

g
µ b b b b we have
b b
h

b
b
ℓ b g x2
h2

b
b h1 = − + µℓ
b 2 h2 2 g
x2
x =− + µℓ (9)
4 h2
Basic Concepts: Conservation of Me- (3.92 m)2
chanical Energy =− + (0.3) (1.1 m)
4 (−2.3 m)
Ui = Uf + K f + W . (1) = 2.00026 m , and
h = h1 − h2
since vi = 0 m/s. = (2.00026 m) − (−2.3 m)
1 = 4.30026 m .
K= m v2 (2)
2
Ug = m g h (3) 014 10.0 points
W = µmgℓ. (4) A penny of mass 3.1 g rests on a small 21 g
block supported by a spinning disk of radius
Choosing the point where the block leaves the 24 cm. The coefficients of friction between
track as the origin of the coordinate system, block and disk are 0.782 (static) and 0.64
(kinetic) while those for the penny and block
∆x = vx ∆t (5)
are 0.629 (static) and 0.45 (kinetic).
1
h2 = − g ∆t2 (6)
2
Disk Penny
since axi = 0 m/s2 and vyi = 0 m/s.
Solution: From energy conservation Eqs. 1, r
2, 3, and 4, we have Block
1
m vx2 = m g (h − h2 ) − µ m g ℓ
2
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 9
What is the maximum speed of the disk
without the block and penny sliding? The
acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
1. 73.2251
2. 48.3954 ω
3. 58.4543
4. 47.7979
5. 61.7117
6. 50.9516 8.8 kg
7. 65.4945
7.2 m
8. 54.6429
9. 81.5057 2.1 kg
10. 62.4001
Use conservation of energy to determine the
Correct answer: 48.3954 rpm. final speed of the first mass after it has fallen
(starting from rest) 7.2 m .The acceleration of
Explanation: gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
1. 9.31362
2. 3.86876
3. 6.22231
Let : µ = 0.629 , 4. 4.96989
r = 24 cm , and 5. 7.2051
g = 9.8 m/s2 . 6. 8.16905
7. 5.50119
8. 5.31263
The frictional force provides the centripetal 9. 8.04009
force 10. 5.58407
m v2
µmg = , Correct answer: 9.31362 m/s.
r
Explanation:
so the speed is
Let : m1 = 8.8 kg ,
m2 = 2.1 kg , and
√ ℓ = 7.2 m .
v = µgr = rω
Consider the free body diagrams
r
µg
ω=
r
r
0.629 (9.8 m/s2 ) 60 s 1 rev
T

=
0.24 m 1 min 2π
= 48.3954 rpm . 8.8 kg 2.1 kg
a

a
m1 g

m2 g

015 10.0 points

A 8.8 kg mass is attached to a light cord that
passes over a massless, frictionless pulley. The Let the figure represent the initial config-
other end of the cord is attached to a 2.1 kg uration of the pulley system (before m1 falls
mass. down).
 Version 097 – Exam 2 – hoffmann – (57870) 10
From conservation of energy

K i + Ui = K f + Uf
1 1
0 + m1 g ℓ = m2 g ℓ + m1 v 2 + m2 v 2
2 2
1
(m1 − m2 ) g ℓ = (m1 + m2 ) v 2
2
Therefore
s
(m1 − m2 )
v= 2gℓ
(m1 + m2 )
s
8.8 kg − 2.1 kg
=
8.8 kg + 2.1 kg
q
× 2 (9.8 m/s2 )(7.2 m)
= 9.31362 m/s .

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