1. WriteaC++programtoprint"HELLO".

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>in
t main()
{
{
clrscr();
cout<<"HELLO"·
'
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:
HELLO
2. WriteaC++programtoprintASCIIvalueofdigits,
uppercaseandlowercasealphabets.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>in
t main()
{
{
clrscr();
Cout<<"ASCIIvaluesofdigits:"<<endl;
for(int i=48; i<=57; i++)
{
Cout<<"ASCIIvaluesof"<<char(i)<<"is"<<i<<endl;
}
Cout<<endl;
Cout<<"ASCII valuesofuppercase alphabet :"<<endl;
for(int i=65; i<=90; i++)
{
Cout<<"ASCIIvaluesof"<<char(i)<<"is"<<i<<endl;
}
Cout<<endl;
Cout<<"ASCIIvaluesoflowercasealphabet:"<<endl;
for(int i=97; i<=122; i++){
Cout<<"ASCIIvaluesof"<<char(i)<<"is"<<i<<endl;
}
getch();
}
returnO;
}
Output: ASCIIvalueofdigits:

ASCIIvalue of 0 is:48

ASCIIvalue of 1is:49

ASCIIvalueof 2is:50

ASCII valueof 3is:51

ASCII value of 4is:52

ASCIIvalueof 5 is:53

ASCII valueof 6is:54

ASCIIvalue of 7is:55

ASCIIvalue of 8is:56

ASCIIvalue of 9is:57

ASCIIvalueofuppercasealphabets:

ASCII value of A is:65

ASCII value of Bis:66

ASCII value of Cis:67

ASCII value of D is:68

ASCII value of E is:69

ASCII value of F is:70

ASCII value of Gis:71

ASCII value of His:72

ASCII value of I is:73

ASCII value of J is:74

ASCII value of K is:75

ASCII value of L is:76

ASCIIvalueof M is:77

ASCII value of Nis:78

ASCIIvalue of Ois:79

ASCIIvalueofPis:80

ASCII value of Qis:81

ASCIIvalue of R is:82

ASCII value of S is:83

ASCII value ofTis:84

ASCII value of U is:85

ASCII value of V is:86

ASCIIvalueof Wis:87 ASCII

value of X is:88 ASCII

value of Y is:89 ASCII

value of Z is:90

ASCIIvalueoflowercasealphabet:

ASCII value of a is:97

ASCII value of b is:98

ASCII value of c is:99

ASCII value of dis100

ASCII value of e is:101

ASCII value offis:102

ASCII value of g is:103

ASCII value of h is:104

ASCII value of i is:105

ASCII value of j is:106

ASCII value of k is:107

ASCII valueof mis:109

ASCII value of n is:110

ASCII value of o is:111

ASCII value of p is:112

ASCII value of q is:113

ASCII value of r is:114

ASCII value oftis:116

ASCII value of u is:117

ASCII value of v is:118

ASCII value of w is:119

ASCII value of x is:120

ASCII value of y is:121

ASCII value of z is:122

3. Write c++ program tofind sum, average of three
numbers.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>in
t main()
{
{
clrscr();
float a, b, sum, average;
cout<<"enterthreenumbers="·
'
cin>>a;
cin>>b;
cin>>c;
sum=a+b+c;
average:sum/3;
cout<<"sum="<<sum<<"\n";
cout<<"average="<<average<<"\n;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:
Entertwonumbers=56

89

67

Sum=212

Average:167.3333333333
4. Writeac++programto findcompoundinterest.

#include<iostream.h>#
include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
clrscr();
doubleprincipal,rate,time,compoundlnterest;

cout <<"Enter the principal amount: ";

cin >> principal;

cout <<"Enter the annual interest rate (as a percentage): ";

cin >> rate;

cout <<"Enter the time period in years: ";

cin >> time;
rate=rate/100.0;
compoundlnterest= principal * pow(l+rate/1,time) -principal;
cout<<"Thecompoundinterestis:"<<compoundlnterest<<endl;

getch();
}
return0;
}

Output:

Principal:1200

Time:2

Rate:5.4

Compound interest=133.099243
5. Writec++programtofindsumoftwonumbers.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<maths.h>
intmain()
{
{
clrscr();
float a,b,sum;
cout<<"enter two numbers=";
cin>>a;
cin>>b;
sum=a+b·
'
cout<<"sum="<<sum<<"\n";
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:
Entertwonumbers=56

89

Sum=145
6. Write c++ program to swap two numbers without
using temp variable.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
{
clrscr();
int a=5,b=10;

cout<<"Beforeswapping:"<<endl;
cout<<"a="<<a<<"b="<<b<<endl·
' '

II Swapping numbers without using atemporaryvariable

a=a+b; II a= 15 (5 + 10)
b = a- b; II b =5 (15 -10)
a=a-b;IIa= 10(15-5)

cout<<"Afterswapping:"<<endl;
cout<<"a="<<a<<" b="<<b<<endl·
' '
getch();
}
return0;
}

Output:

Beforeswapping:

a=5,b=10

Afterswapping:

a=10,b=5
7. Writeac++programtofindwhetheranumberis
Armstrong or not.

#include<iostream.h>#include<c
onio.h>
intmain()
{
{
clrscr();
int power(int base, int exponent) {
int result = 1;
for(inti=0;i<exponent;i++){
result*=base·
'
}
returnresult;
}
boolisArmstrong(intnum){
int originalNum= num; int
digits = 0;
int sum=
0;while(num>0){
digits++;
numI=10;
}

num=originalNum;

// Calculate the sum of digits raised to the power of the number

ofdigits
while(num>0){
int digit = num %10;
sum+=power(digit, digits);
num I= 10·,
}

//Checkifthesumisequaltotheoriginal number return

(sum== originalNum);
}

int main()
{ intnumbe
r;
 cout <<"Enter anumber: "; cin
>>number;

if(isArmstrong(number)){
cout<<number<< isanArmstrongnumber. <<endl;
11 11

}else{
cout<<number<< isnotanArmstrongnumber. <<endl;
11 11

}
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Run1

Enteranumber:153

153isanArmstrongnumber.

Run2

Enteranumber:120

120isnotanArmstrongnumber.
8. Writeac++programtoreverseanumber.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
{
clrscr();
int reverseNumber(int num)
{ int reversedNum = O;
while(num!=0){
intlastDigit=num %10;
reversedNum=reversedNum*10+ lastDigit;
numI=IO·
'
}
returnreversedNum;
}
int main()
{ intnumbe
r;
cout <<"Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
intreversedNumber=reverseNumber(number);
cout <<"The reversed numberis:"<<reversedNumber<<endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enteranumber:12345
Thereversednumberis:54321
9. Writeac++programtofindlargestnumbersofalistof
numbers entered through keyboard.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h> intmain()
{
{
clrscr();
intnum,largest,count;
bool firstNum = true;

cout <<"Enter the number of values you want to input: ";

cin >> count;

for (inti=O;i<count; i++)

{ cout <<"Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;

if (firstNum IInum > largest)

{ largest = num;
firstNum=false;
}
}

cout<<"Thelargestnumberis:"<<largest<<endl;
getch();
}

returnO;

Output:

Enter the number of values you want to input: 5

Enter a number: 10

Enteranumber:25

Enter a number: 8

Enteranumber:19

Enteranumber:30

Thelargestnumber is:30
10. Writea c+programtoprinttableofanynumber.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
clrscr();
int vowel, consonant; cout<<"\
nEnterthelimit:"; cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnterthetablenumber:";
cin>>a;
for(i=l;i<=n;i++)
{
cout<<"\n"<<i<<"*"<<a<<i*a;
}
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:
Enterthelimit:10

Enterthetablenumber:2

2*1=1

2*2=4

2*3=6

2*4=8

2*5=10

2*6=12

2*7=14

2*8=16

2*9=18

2*10=20
11. Writeac++programtoprintyourname10times.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h> #include
<string.h> int main()
{
{
clrscr();
string name= "Your Name";
int count = 1O;

for (int i =O; i<count; i++)

{ cout<<name<<endl;
}
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

POOJ

APOO

JAPO

OJAP

OOJA

POOJ

APOO

JAPO

OJAP

OOJA

POOJ

APOO
12. Write a c++ programto calculateand print the sum of
even and odd integer of the the first n natural number.

#include
<iostream.h>#include<
conio.h>
intmain()
{
{
clrscr();
intn,sumEven=0,sumOdd=O;

cout <<"Enter the value of n: ";

cin >> n;

//Calculatethesumofevenandoddintegers for
(inti= 1; i <= n; i++) {
if(i%2 ==0){
sumEven+=i;//AddevennumberstosumEven
}else{
sumOdd+=i; //AddoddnumberstosumOdd
}
}

//Print theresults
cout <<"Sum of even integers: "<< sumEven << endl;
cout <<"Sum of odd integers: "<< sumOdd << endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter the value of n:10

Sumofevenintegers:30

Sum of odd integers: 25

13. Writeac++programtofindnumberprimeornot.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
clrscr();
int n,i;
cout<<"Enter anumber="·
'
cin>>n;
i=2;
while(i<=n/2)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
cout<<"Notprime";
goto end;
}
i++·
'
}
cout<<"Primenumber"·
'
end:
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enteranumber=S Not

prime

Or

Enteranumber=6

Prime number
14. Write a c++ program to calculate factorial of any
number.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
clrscr();
inti, fact=l, n;
cout<<"Enteranumber="·
'
cin>>n;
for(i=l;i<=n;i++)
fact=fact*l •
'
cout<<"factorialof'<<n<<"is="<<fact<<endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter a number=6

Factorial is=720
15. Write a C++ program to check whether a year is leap
year or not.

#include<iostream.h>#in
clude<conio.h>
intmain()
{
{
clrscr();
intyear;
cout<<"enterayeartocheck";
cin>>year;
if(year%4==0)
cout<<"isaleapyear\n"<<year; else
cout<<"isnotaleapyear\n"<<year; getch();
}

returnO;
}

Output:

Enterayeartocheck=2004i

s a leap year

Or

Enter a year tocheck=2003

is nota leap year

16. Writeaprogramtofindnumberisoddoreven.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
clrscr();
int n;
cout<<"Enteranumber="·
'
cin>>n;
if(n%2==0)
cout<<"Numberiseven="·
'
else
cout<<"Numberisodd="·
'
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enteranumber=2

Number is even

Or

Enteranumber=3 Number

is odd
17. Write a c++ program to find L.C.M and H.C.F of two
numbers.

#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h
>
int main()
{
{
clrscr();
int a, b, x, y, temp, gcd,1cm;
cout<<"Enter first number=";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Entersecondnumber=";
cin>>b;
x=a;
y=b;
while(b!=0)
{
temp=b;
b=a%b;
a=temp;
}
gcd=a;
lcm=(x*y)/gcd;
cout<<"\ngcd:"<<gcd<<"\n";
cout<<"\nlcm:"<<lcm<<"\n";
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter first number =6

Entersecondnumber=10

gcd=2

lcm=30
18. Write a c++ program to demonstratethe usage of
scope resolution operator.

#include
<iostrearn.h>#include<
conio.h>
intx=10;IIGlobalvariable
intmain(){
{
Clrscr();
intx=20;IILocal variable
cout <<"Value of global x: "<< ::x << endl; II Accessingglobal x
cout<<"Value oflocalx: "<<x << endl;II Accessinglocalx
II Calling aglobal
functionglobalFunction();
getch();
}
return0;
}
voidglobalFunction(){
cout<<"InsideglobalFunction()"<<endl; int
x= 30; II Local variable
cout <<"Value of global x: "<< ::x <<endl; II Accessing global x
cout<<"Valueoflocalx:"<< x << endl;II Accessinglocalx
}

Output:
Value of global x: 10

Value of local x: 20

InsideglobalFunction()

Value of global x: 10

Value of local x: 30
19. Write a c++programto accept and displaythe details of
the student using class.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
class Student {private:
stringname;
int age;
stringgrade;

public:
IIConstructor
Student(stringn,inta,stringg)
{ name= n;
age= a;
grade=g;
}
string getName()
{ return name;
}
int getAge()
{ return age;
}
string getGrade()
{ return grade;
}
voidsetName(stringn){ name=
n;
}
void setAge(int a)
{ age= a;
}
voidsetGrade(stringg){
grade= g;
}
};
int main()
{
{
Clrscr();
 string studentName, studentGrade;
int studentAge;

cout <<"Enter student's name: ";

getline(cin, studentName);

cout <<"Enter student's age: ";

cin >>studentAge;

cout<<"Enterstudent'sgrade:";
cin.ignore();II Ignore the newline character left in the input buffer
getline(cin, studentGrade);

IICreateaStudentobject
Studentstudent(studentName,studentAge,studentGrade);

IIDisplaystudentdetails
cout<<"\nStudentDetails:"<<endl;
cout<<"Name: "<<student.getName()<<endl;
cout <<"Age: "<< student.getAge() <<endl;
cout<<"Grade:"<<student.getGrade()<<endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter student's name: john

Enter student's age: 18

Enter student's grade: A+

StudentDetails:

Name: John

Age:18

Grade:A+
20. Write aprogram toacceptanddisplay thedetailsofa
employee using class.

#include<iostream.h>#i
nclude<conio.h>class
Employee { private:
stringname;
int id;
string department;
double salary;
public:
Employee(string n, inti, string d,doubles)
{ name= n;
id=i·
'
department=d;
salary= s;
}
string getName()
{ return name;
}
intgetld()
{ return id;
}
string getDepartment()
{ return department;
}
double getSalary()
{ return salary;
}
Setterfunctions
voidsetName(stringn){
name= n;
}
voidsetld(inti)
{ id=i;
}
void setDepartment(string d)
{ department= d;
}void setSalary(doubles) {
salary= s;
}
};
intmain()
{
{
Clrscr();
string employeeName, employeeDepartment;
int employeeid;
doubleemployeeSalary;
cout <<"Enter employee's name: ";
getline(cin, employeeName);
cout <<"Enter employee's ID: ";
cin >>employeeid;
cout<<"Enteremployee'sdepartment:";
cin.ignore();IIIgnorethenewlinecharacterleftintheinputbuffer
getline(cin, employeeDepartment);
 cout<<"Enteremployee'ssalary:"; cin
>>employeeSalary;
IICreateanEmployeeobject
Employee employee(employeeName, employeeld,
employeeDepartment,employeesalary);

IIDisplayemployeedetails
cout<<"\nEmployeeDetails:"<<endl;
cout<<"Name:"<<employee.getName()<<endl; cout
<<"ID: "<<employee.getld() << endl;
cout<<"Department:"<<employee.getDepartment()<<endl; cout
<<"Salary: $"<< employee.getSalary() << endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enteremployee'sname:JohnDoe

Enter employee's ID: 1234

Enter employee's department: IT

Enteremployee'ssalary:5000.50

EmployeeDetails:

Name: John Doe

ID:1234

Department: IT

Salary: $5000.50
21. Write ac++ program tosortanarray inascending
order.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
main()
{
{
voidbubbleSort(intarr[],intn){ for
(int i = O; i<n -1;i++){
for (int j = O; j <n -i-1;j++) { if
(arrUJ> arru+ l]){
IISwaparru]andarru+1]
int temp= arru];
arrUJ=arru+1];
arru+1]=temp;
}
}
}
}
intmain(){
{
Clrscr();
int n;
cout <<"Enter the number of elements in the array: ";
cin >> n;
int arr[n];
cout <<"Enter the elements of the array:";
for (int i = O; i < n; i++) {
 cin>>arr[i];
}
cout<<"Originalarray:";
for (inti= O; i <n; i++)
{ cout <<arr[i] <<"";
}
cout <<endl;
bubbleSort(arr,n);
cout<<"Sortedarrayinascendingorder:"; for
(inti= O; i <n; i++) {
cout<<arr[i]<<"";
}
cout <<endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter the number of elements inthe array: 5

Enter the elements of the array: 3 1 4 2 5

Originalarray:31425

Sortedarrayinascendingorder:1 2345
22. Write a c++ program to demonstratethe usage of
inline function.
#include
<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>
inlineintmax(intx,inty){
return(x>y)?x:y;
}
inline int cube(int n)
{ return n * n * n;
}
intmain(){{
Clrscr();
inta=5,b=7;
intmaxVal,cubeVal;
maxVal= max(a, b); II Call to inline function max
cout <<"Maximum value: "<<maxVal << endl;
cubeVal= cube(a);II Callto inline functioncube
cout <<"Cube of"<<a<<"is: "<<cubeVal<<endl; cubeVal =
cube(b); II Call to inline functioncube
cout <<"Cube of"<< b <<"is: "<<cubeVal<< endl;
getch();}
returnO;
}

Output:

Maximumvalue:7

Cubeof5is:125

Cubeof7is:343
23. Write a c++ program to demonstratethe simple
inheritance.

#include
<iostream.h>#include<
conio.h>#include
<string.h>
// Base class
class Vehicle {
protected:
stringbrand;
int year;
public:
Vehicle(stringb,inty):brand(b), year(y){} void
displaylnfo() {
cout<<"Brand:"<<brand<<endl; cout
<<"Year: "<<year<< endl;
}
};
//Derivedclass
class Car : public Vehicle {
private:
string model;
public:
Car(string b,inty,stringm):Vehicle(b,y),model(m){} void
displayDetails() {
displaylnfo();//Callthebaseclassfunction
cout <<"Model: "<<model<< endl;
}
};
intmain(){
{
Clrscr();
II Create an object of the derived class
Car myCar("Toyota", 2020, "Corolla");
II Call the derived class function
myCar.displayDetails();
getch();
}
return0;
}

Output:

Brand: Toyota Year: 2020 Model:Corolla

2JL W['nu:eaIl]['tDlg['amu:t0@emomt§U:['au:eu:llnell.Il§age1IDJf
CIIDll1l§U:['ll.Il(C[tD)['2lll1l@@e§U:['ll.Il(C[tD)['Ililllaclla§§o

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
classPerson{
private:
stringname;
int age;
public:
II Defaultconstructor
Person(){
cout<<"Defaultconstructorcalled"<<endl;
name="Unknown";
age= O;
}

IIParameterizedconstructor
Person(stringn,inta){
cout<<"Parameterized constructor called"<< endl;
name= n;
age=a;
}

II CopyconstructorPerson(constPer
son&other){
cout<<"Copy constructor called"<<endl; name
= other.name;
age=other.age;
 }
IIDestructor
~Person(){
cout<<"Destructorcalledfor"<<name<<end];
}
II Getterfunctions
string getName() canst
{ returnname;
}
intgetAge()canst
{ returnage;
}
};
intmain()
{
{

Clrscr();

II Defaultconstructor
Personpl;
cout<<"Name:"<<pl.getName()<<",Age:"<<pl.getAge()
<<endl;
II Parameterizedconstructor
Personp2("JohnDoe",30);
cout<<"Name:"<<p2.getName()<<",Age:"<<p2.getAge()
<<endl;
II Copyconstructor
Personp3(p2);
 cout<<"Name:"<<p3.getName()<<",Age:"<<p3.ge
tAge();
getch();
returnO;
}

Output:

Default constructor called

Name: Unknown, Age: 0

Parameterized constructor called

Name: John Doe, Age: 30

Copy constructor calledName:

John Doe, Age: 30 Destructor

calledfor JohnDoe Destructor

calledfor JohnDoe

DestructorcalledforUnknown
25. Write a c++ program to demonstratethe usage of
friend function.

#include<iostream.h>#
include<conio.h>Clas
s sample
{
int a;
int b;
public:
void setvalue() {a=25;b=40;}
friend float mean (samples);
};
floatmean(samples)
{
returnfloat(s.a+s.b)/2.0;
}
int main()
{
Clrscr();
Sample x;
x.setvalue();
cout<<"mean value="<<mean(x)<<"\n";
getch();
returnO;
}

Output:

Meanvalue =32.5
26. Write a c++ program to demonstratethe usage of endl
and setw.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>int
main() {
{
Clrscr();
stringname="JohnDoe";
int age= 25;
doublesalary=5000.75;
//Usingsetwforformattingoutput
cout <<setw(l5) <<"Name"<<setw(l0) <<"Age"<<setw(l5) <<"Salary"<<
endl;
cout << setw(l5) <<name<< setw(l0) <<age<< setw(l5)
<<salary<<endl;
//Usingendlfornewline
cout<<"Hello"<<endl<<"World"<<endl·,
//Usingendltoflushtheoutputbuffer cout
<<"Printing numbers: ";
for(inti=1;i<=5;i++)
{ cout<<i<<"",·
cout.flush();//Flushtheoutputbuffer
}
cout<<endl;
getch();
}
return0;
}

Output:

NameAge Salary

JohnDoe25 5000.75

Hello World
Printingnumbers:12345
27. Write a c++ program to display employee information
using multiple inheritance.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
//Baseclassforpersonalinformation
class Personallnfo {
protected:
stringname;
int age;
public:
Personallnfo(stringn,inta):name(n),age(a){} void
displayPersonallnfo() {
cout <<"Name: "<<name<< endl;
cout <<"Age: "<<age<< endl;
}
};
//Baseclassforemployeedetails
class EmployeeDetails {
protected:
string department;
double salary;
public:
EmployeeDetails(stringd,doubles) :department(d),salary(s){}
void displayEmployeeDetails() {
cout <<"Department:"<< department<< endl;
cout<<"Salary:$"<<salary<<endl;
}
};
//DerivedclassinheritingfrombothPersonallnfoandEmployeeDetails class
Employee :public Personallnfo, public EmployeeDetails{
public:
Employee(stringn,inta,stringd,doubles)
:Personallnfo(n,a),EmployeeDetails(d,s){} void
displayEmployeelnfo() {
displayPersonallnfo();
displayEmployeeDetails();
}
};
 intmain(){
Employeeemp("JohnDoe",35,"IT",5000.0);
emp.displayEmployeelnfo();
getch();
}
return0;
}

Output:

Name:JohnDoe

Age:35

Department: IT

Salary:$5000.00
28. Write a program to demonstrate multilevel
inheritance.

#include<iostream.h>#
include<conio.h>Clas
s student
{
protected:
int roll_number;
public:
void get_number(int);
void put_number(void);
};
Voidstudent::get_number(inta)
{
Roll_number=a;
}
Voidstudent::put_number()
{
Cout<<"rollnumber:"<<roll_number<<"\n";
}
Classtest:publicstudent
{
protected:
float subl;
floatsub2;
public:
void get_marks(float,float);
void put_marks(void);
};
Voidtest::get_marks(floatx,floaty)
{
Subl=x·
'
Sub2=y;
}
Voidtest::put_marks()
{
Cout<<"marks insubl="<<subl<<"\n";
Cout<<"marksinsub2="<<sub2<<"\n";
 }
Classresult:publictest
{
floattotal;
public:
voiddisplay(void);
};
Voidresult::display(void)
{
Total=sub1+sub2;
put_number();
put_marks();
Cout<<"total="<<total<<"\n";
}
intmain()
clrscr();
{
result studentl;
studentl.get_number(l11);
studentl.get_marks(75.0,59.5);
studentl.display();
getch();
returnO;
}
Output:

Roll number:111

Marks in subl:75

Marksinsub2:59.5

Total=134.5
29. Write a c++ program to overload+ operator toadd
two complex numbers.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h>class
Complex { private:
double real;
doubleimag;
public:
IIConstructor
Complex(doubler=0.0,doublei=0.0):real(r),imag(i){}

IIOverloaded+operator
Complexoperator+(constComplex& other){
Complex result;
result.real=real+other.real;
result.imag=imag +other.imag;
return result;
}

IIOverloaded<<operatorforoutput
friendostream&operator<<(ostream&out,constComplex&c);
};

IIOverloaded<<operatorforoutput
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c)
{ out<< c.real <<"+" << c.imag <<"i";
returnout;
}

intmain(){
{
Clrscr();
Complexcl(3.0,4.0);
Complexc2(1.5,2.5);
Complexc3=c1+c2;IIOverloaded+operator

cout<<"cl="<<cl<<endl·
'
 cout<< c2= <<c2<<endl·
11 11

'
cout<< c3 =cl +c2 = <<c3<<endl;
11 11

getch();
}
returnO·
'
}

Output:

cl=3+4i

c2=1.5+2.5i

c3=cl+c2 =4.5+6.Si
30. Write a c++ program tofind the sum of natural
numbers using for loop.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h>
intmain(){
{
clrscr();
intn,sum=O;
cout <<"Enter the number of natural numbers to sum: ";
cin >> n;
for(inti=1;i<=n;i++){
sum+=i·
'
}
cout <<"The sumof thefirst"<< n <<" natural numbers is: "<<sum<<endl;
getch();
}
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter the number of natural numbers to sum:10

The sum of the first 10 natural numbers is: 55

31. Writeaprogramtoimplementconceptofconstructor.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
class Person {
private:
stringname;
int age;
public:
II Default constructor
Person() {
name="Unknown"·
'
age=O;
cout<<"Defaultconstructorcalled"<<endl;
}
IIParameterized constructor
Person(stringn, int a) {name
=n;
age=a;
cout<<"Parameterizedconstructorcalled"<<endl;
}
II Copy constructor
Person(const Person& p)
{ name = p.name;
age=p.age;
cout<<"Copyconstructorcalled"<<endl;
}
voiddisplaylnfo(){
cout<<"Name:"<<name<<",Age:"<<age<<endl;
}
};

intmain(){
II Creating objects using different constructors
Person p1; II Default constructor
Person p2("John", 25);II Parameterized constructor
Person p3(p2); II Copy constructor
 // Displaying object information
pl.displaylnfo();
p2.displaylnfo();
p3.displaylnfo();

returnO;
}

Output:

Default constructor called

Parameterized constructorcalled

Copy constructor called

Name:Unknown,Age:0

Name: John, Age: 25

Name: John, Age: 25

32. Writeaprogramtoimplementconceptofdestructor.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>int
count=O;
classalpha
{
public:
alpha()
{
Count++;
Cout<<"\nno.ofobjectcreated"<<count;
}
~alpha()
{
Cout<<"\nno.ofobject destroyed"<<count;
Count--·
'
}
};
int main()
{
Cout<<"\n\nEnter Main\n";
alpha Al,A2,A3,A4;
{
Cout<<"\n\nEnterblockl\n";
Alpha AS;
}
{
Cout<<"\n\nEnter block2\n";
Alpha A6;
}
Cout<<"\n\nRe-entermain\n";
getch();
returnO;
}
Output:
Entermain

No.of object created1

No.of object created 2

No.of object created 3

No.of object created 4

Enter blockl

No. of object createdS

No.ofobjectdestroyedS

Re-enter main

No.of object destroyed 4

No.of object destroyed 3

No.ofobject destroyed 2

No.ofobjectdestroyed1
33. Write a program to implement concept of copy
constructor.

#include<iostream.h>#i
nclude<conio.h>Class
code
{
int id;
public:
code(){}
code(int a) {id=a;}
code(code &x)
{
id=x.id;
}
Voiddisplay(void)
{
Cout<<id;
}
};
intmain()
{
Clrscr();Code
A(lOO); Code
B(A);
Codec=A·
'
CodeD;
D=A;
Cout<<"\nidofA:"A.display();
Cout<<"\n idofB:"B.display();
Cout<<"\n id of c:"c.display();
Cout<<"\nidofD:"D.display();
getch();
returnO;
}
Output:

idofA:100

idofB:100

id ofc:100

idofD:100
34. Write a program to implement concept of
parametrized constructor.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
class Student {private:
stringname;
int age;
double gpa;
public:
Student(stringn,inta,doubleg)
{ name= n;
age= a;
gpa=g;
}
voiddisplaylnfo(){
cout<<"Name:"<< name<<",Age:"<<age<<",GPA:"<<gpa<<endl;
}
};
intmain()
{
Clrscr();
Studentsl("John",20,3.8);
Students2("Alice",22,3.5);
Students3("Bob",19,4.0);
sl .displayInfo();
s2.displayInfo();
s3.displaylnfo();
getch();
return0;
}
Output:

Name: John,Age:20,GPA:3.8

Name:Alice,Age:22,GPA:3.5

Name:Bob,Age:19,GPA:4.0
35. Write a program to implement concept of template
class.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h>
IITemplateclass
template <class T>
class Box {private:
Tdata;
public:
Box(T value)
{ data = value;
}
TgetData()
{ return data;
}
void setData(T value)
{ data = value;
}
};
intmain() {
clrscr();
II Creating objects of Box class for different data types
Box<int> intBox(42);
Box<double> doubleBox(3.14);
Box<string>stringBox("Hello, World!");
IIAccessingdatamembers
cout <<"Integer Box: "<<intBox.getData() << endl;
cout<<"DoubleBox:"<<doubleBox.getData()<<endl;
cout <<"String Box: "<< stringBox.getData() <<endl;

II Modifying data members

intBox.setData(l00);
doubleBox.setData(2.718);
stringBox.setData("C++ Templates");

IIAccessingdatamembersaftermodification
cout<<"IntegerBox(modified):"<<intBox.getData()<<endl;
cout <<"Double Box (modified): "<<doubleBox.getData() <<endl; cout
<<"String Box (modified): "<<stringBox.getData() <<endl; getch();
returnO;
}

Output:

IntegerBox:42

DoubleBox:3.14

String Box: Hello, World!

Integer Box (modified): 100

DoubleBox(modified): 2.718

StringBox(modified):C++Templates
36. Writeaprogramtoimplementconceptoftemplatefunction.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h>
IITemplatefunctiontocalculatethemaximumoftwovalues
template<typenameT>T
max(T a, T b) {
return(a>b)?a:b;
}

intmain() {
clrscr();
II Using the max() function for different data types
int maxlnt = max(l0, 20);
double maxDouble =max(3.14, 2.718);
char maxChar = max('a', 'z');

cout<<"Maximumof10and20:"<<maxlnt<<endl;
cout <<"Maximum of 3.14 and 2.718: "<<maxDouble<< endl;
cout<<"Maximumof'a' and'z':"<<maxChar<< endl;
getch();
return0;
}

Output:

Maximumof10and20:20

Maximum of 3.14 and 2.718: 3.14 Maximum of 'a' and 'z': z

37. Write a program to implement concept of exception
handling.

#include
<iostream.h>#include
<conio.h>
double divide(double numerator, double denominator) {if
(denominator == 0) {
throwruntime_error("Divisionbyzeroisnotallowed.");
}
returnnumeratorIdenominator;
}
intmain(){
doublenuml,num2;
double result;
try{
cout<<"Enterthefirstnumber:"; cin
>> numl;
cout<<"Enterthesecondnumber:"; cin
>> num2;
result=divide(numl,num2);
cout<<"Result:"<<numl<<"I" <<num2<<"="<<result<<endl;
}catch (const runtime_error& e)
{ cerr<<"Error:"<<e.what()<<endl;
}
getch();
returnO;
}

Output:

Enter the first number: 10 Enterthesecond number:2 Result: 10 /2 = 5