MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

A
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
UNDER ON
In Course ETM (22662)
COLLECT THE INFORMATION OF ROBOTICS

Submitted By

GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY ENROLL NO: 2209920391

Under The Guidance Of

Mrs. MORE.A.G

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

 SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE.
TAL-JUNNAR, DIST-PUNE 412410
(2023-24)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE.
TAL-JUNNAR, DIST-PUNE 412410

Certificate
This is to certify that
GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
Of SIXTH Semester have satisfactorily completed Micro Project collect the
information of robotics

In Course ETM (22662) as a part of Curriculum of

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For the partial fulfillment of

Diploma in MECHANICAL Engineering

In the academic year 2023-24

SUBJECT TEACHER
Mrs.MORE.A.G

H.O.D. MECH. ENGG. PRINCIPAL

 PART-A

Samarth Rural Education Institute, Rajuri's

SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC, BELHE

SUBJECT:- EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Title of Micro-Project: Collect the information of robotics

Brief Introduction :-
Robotics is a multifaceted field encompassing the design, construction, operation, and application of
robots. These autonomous or semi-autonomous machines aim to perform tasks traditionally done by
humans or in environments hazardous to human life. The discipline integrates knowledge from various
domains, including computer science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and artificial
intelligence .The history of robotics dates back centuries, with early examples like automatons and
mechanical toys. However, modern robotics took off in the mid-20th century, spurred by advancements
in computing and electronics. Industrial robots, primarily used in manufacturing, became widespread
during this period, streamlining production lines and enhancing efficiency.

Aim of the Micro – Project :

The aim of the robotics project is to design, develop, and implement innovative robotic systems that can
effectively perform various tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. This project encompasses
a wide range of objectives, including advancing the capabilities of robotic technology, enhancing efficiency and
precision in industrial processes, exploring new applications in fields such as healthcare, agriculture, and
exploration, and ultimately improving the quality of life for humans. By pushing the boundaries of robotics
through research, experimentation, and practical implementation, the project seeks to address complex
challenges, drive technological progress, and pave the way for a future where robots play an increasingly
integral role in our society.

Outcomes of micro project:

1. The successful creation of a functioning robot capable of performing specific tasks or functions.

2. Implementation of robotics leading to increased efficiency in industrial processes, such as

manufacturing or logistics.

3. Robotics projects often aim to reduce costs associated with labor, errors, and time, leading to potential cost
savings for businesses.

4. Implementation of robots can lead to safer work environments by taking over hazardous tasks that might
put human workers at risk.

5 Robots can perform tasks with a higher degree of precision and accuracy compared to human labor,
leading to improved product quality and consistency.
Action Plan:-
Sr. No Details Of Start Date Name Of Responsible Team
Finish Date
Activity Planned Planned Members
All planning GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
1
of micro project
collect information GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
2 from the internet and
textbook
GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
3 Discuss with Guide

collect information GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY

from the Emerging
trends in mechanical
4
engineering 22662
reference book,and
Debugged the
errors
GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
arrange all information
5
in ms word

Prepare a report on it GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY

6
using MS word
Complete micro GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
7
project
check project & GUNJAL PRAMOD DATTATRAY
8
Teacher sign

Resources Required:-

Name Of
Sr. No Specifications Qty Remarks
Resource/Material
Collect the
1 Computer 1
information

2 Reference Book ETM Book 1

3 Printer Hp 1

4 paper Bond 28
 Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe
(NBA Accredited Programme )
(Affiliated to MSBTE MUMBAI)
2023 - 2024

INDEX

Sr. No. Name of Topic Page No.

3
1.0 Brief Introduction

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project 5

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated 12

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed 14

5.0 Actual Resource Used 17

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects 19

Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro–Project

7.0 20

8.0 Conclusion 22
 Annexure- II A

PART B (Outcomes after Execution)

“MICRO-PROJECT TITLE;- COLLECT THE INFORMATION OF ROBOTICS

1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
In the realm of technological advancement, robotics stands as a pioneering frontier, encompassing a
diverse array of disciplines such as engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence. Robotics
has evolved from its rudimentary beginnings to become an indispensable part of various industries,
revolutionizing manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and beyond. This comprehensive overview
aims to delve into the multifaceted domain of robotics, exploring its history, key components,
applications, challenges, and future
Prospects. The roots of robotics can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where automatons and
mechanical devices were crafted for entertainment and religious purposes. However, the modern era of
robotics began in the mid-20th century, marked by significant milestones such as the invention of the
Uni mate, the first industrial robot, by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in 1961. This
groundbreaking creation laid the foundation for the automation of manufacturing processes, leading to
increased efficiency and productivity.
 Objective of robotics

1) Automation: One of the primary objectives of robotics is to automate tasks that are tedious,
dangerous, or impractical for humans to perform. By deploying robots, businesses and
industries can increase efficiency, reduce labor costs, and improve safety.

2) Increased Productivity: Robotics aims to enhance productivity by accelerating processes,

reducing errors, and optimizing resource utilization. Robots can work tirelessly around the
clock without experiencing fatigue, leading to higher output levels.

3) Precision and Accuracy: Robots are designed to perform tasks with a high level of precision
and accuracy, which is particularly beneficial in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare,
and agriculture. Precision robotics can help achieve consistent quality and reduce waste.

4) Safety: Robotics plays a crucial role in enhancing workplace safety by performing hazardous
tasks in environments that may be dangerous for humans, such as handling toxic substances,
working in extreme temperatures, or operating in confined spaces.

5) Flexibility: Modern robotics systems are designed to be adaptable and flexible, allowing them
to perform a wide range of tasks in diverse environments. This versatility enables businesses to
respond quickly to changing market demands and production requirements.

6) Cost Reduction: By automating repetitive or labor-intensive tasks, robotics can help reduce
operational costs over the long term. Although the initial investment in robotics technology may
be significant, the potential for cost savings through increased efficiency and productivity can
outweigh the initial outlay.

 Benefits of robotics

1) Increased Efficiency and Productivity: Robots can perform repetitive tasks with precision
and consistency, leading to increased production rates and reduced cycle times. This higher
efficiency translates to cost savings and improved competitiveness for businesses.

2) Improved Quality and Consistency: Robotics systems can execute tasks with high accuracy
and repeatability, resulting in products of consistent quality. This consistency minimizes defects
and errors, leading to higher customer satisfaction and brand reputation.

3) Enhanced Safety: By automating hazardous or physically demanding tasks, robots can reduce
the risk of workplace accidents and injuries. This is particularly beneficial in industries such as
manufacturing, construction, and mining, where workers are exposed to dangerous conditions.

4) Cost Savings: While the initial investment in robotics technology can be significant, the long-
term cost savings can be substantial. Robots can work continuously without breaks or overtime
pay, leading to lower labor costs and improved return on investment over time.

5) Flexibility and Adaptability: Modern robotics systems are designed to be flexible and easily
reconfigurable, allowing them to perform a variety of tasks in different environments. This
flexibility enables businesses to quickly adapt to changing market demands and production
requirements.
 Principle of robotics

The "Principles of Robotics" refers to a set of guidelines or ethical principles that have been
proposed to govern the design, development, and use of robotic technology. These principles aim
to ensure that robots are developed and deployed in a responsible and beneficial manner, taking
into account the potential impact on society, individuals, and the environment. While there is no
universally agreed-upon set of principles, several organizations and experts have put forth their
own versions.

1) Beneficence: Robots should be designed and used to benefit individuals, society, and the
environment. They should contribute to human well-being, safety, and quality of life.

2) Non-maleficence: Robots should not cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. They
should be designed and operated in a way that minimizes the risk of injury, damage, or adverse
effects.

3) Autonomy: Robots should respect and preserve human autonomy, dignity, and rights. They
should not unduly restrict human freedom or autonomy, and their actions should be compatible
with human values and preferences.

4) Transparency: Robots should be transparent in their operation and decision-making processes.

Users should be able to understand how robots function, predict their behavior, and assess their
reliability and safety.

5) Accountability: Those responsible for the design, development, and use of robots should be
held accountable for their actions. Mechanisms should be in place to address issues of
responsibility, liability, and accountability in the event of accidents, failures, or misuse.

 TYPES OF ROBOTICS

1) Industrial Robotics: Industrial robots are designed for automation in manufacturing and production
settings. They perform tasks such as welding, painting, assembly, palletizing, and material handling
in industries like automotive, electronics, and logistics.

2) Service Robotics: Service robots are deployed in non-manufacturing environments to assist humans
with tasks such as cleaning, caregiving, security, and entertainment. Examples include household
robots, healthcare robots, security robots, and educational robots.

3) Medical Robotics: Medical robots assist healthcare professionals in performing surgical

procedures, diagnostics, rehabilitation, and telemedicine. Surgical robots, robotic exoskeletons, and
remote-controlled medical devices are common examples.

4) Autonomous Vehicles: Autonomous vehicles, including self-driving cars, drones, and unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs), utilize robotics technology for navigation, obstacle avoidance, and control.
They are used in transportation, logistics, surveillance, agriculture, and search and rescue operations.
2 AIM OF THE MICRO-PROJECT:-

The aim of a robotics microproject is to provide students or researchers with a hands-on opportunity to
design, build, and program a small-scale robotic system to achieve a specific goal or solve a particular
problem. These microprojects are typically conducted within a limited time frame and with constrained
resources, making them suitable for educational or research purposes.

COMPONENT USED IN ROBOTICS SYSTEMS

1) Actuators-

Actuators are pivotal components in robotics, serving as the driving force behind a robot's physical
movements. They transform energy into mechanical motion, enabling robots to interact with their
environment and perform tasks effectively. Electric motors are among the most commonly used
actuators in robotics, offering precise control over rotational motion. Hydraulic actuators utilize
pressurized fluid to generate force, making them ideal for applications requiring high power output.
Pneumatic actuators, powered by compressed air, are valued for their simplicity and fast response
times. Each type of actuator offers unique advantages and is chosen based on factors such as the
required torque, speed, and precision of movement. Actuators play a crucial role in determining a
robot's capabilities, influencing its agility, strength, and versatility in various tasks and environments.
2) Sensors

Sensors play a fundamental role in robotics, serving as the sensory organs that allow robots to perceive
and interact with their environment. These devices come in various types, including cameras, LiDAR
(Light Detection and Ranging), ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, and touch sensors, each with
specific functionalities suited to different tasks and applications. Cameras and vision sensors capture
visual information, enabling robots to recognize objects, navigate, and perform tasks based on visual
cues. LiDAR sensors emit laser beams to create detailed 3D maps of surroundings, facilitating precise
localization and obstacle avoidance. Ultrasonic sensors use high-frequency sound waves to measure
distances to objects, useful for proximity sensing and navigation. Infrared sensors detect heat radiation,
enabling robots to sense temperature variations and identify objects based on thermal signatures. Touch
sensors provide tactile feedback, allowing robots to interact with objects and surfaces. By integrating
these sensors, robots can gather comprehensive data about their surroundings, enabling them to make
informed decisions and execute tasks accurately and autonomously. From industrial automation to
service robotics and beyond, sensors are essential components that enhance the capabilities and
versatility of robotic systems.
3) Microcontroller

Microcontrollers are essential components in robotics, serving as the brains of the operation. These
small computing devices are responsible for controlling various aspects of a robot's behavior, including
processing sensor data, executing control algorithms, and coordinating the movements of actuators.
Microcontrollers come in a variety of architectures and capabilities, with popular options including
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and specialized microcontrollers designed specifically for robotics applications.
In robotics, microcontrollers interface with sensors to gather information about the robot's
surroundings, such as detecting obstacles, measuring distances, or capturing images. They then process
this data using algorithms to make decisions about the robot's next actions. For example, a
microcontroller might use sensor data to calculate the optimal path for a robot to navigate through a
cluttered environment or to adjust the speed and direction of its movements to avoid collisions.
Additionally, microcontrollers control the actuators that drive the robot's physical movements, such as
motors for locomotion or manipulators for grasping objects. They send commands to the actuators
based on the robot's current state and the desired behavior, ensuring precise and coordinated motion.
Overall, microcontrollers play a crucial role in robotics by providing the computational power and
control necessary to enable robots to perceive their environment, make decisions, and interact with the
world around them.
4) End effector

An end effector in robotics is a crucial component that serves as the interface between the robot and its
environment, enabling the robot to interact with objects, perform tasks, and manipulate its surroundings
effectively. It is essentially the "hand" or tool attached to the end of a robot arm or manipulator,
designed to grasp, manipulate, move, or otherwise act upon objects in the robot's workspace. End
effectors come in various forms and designs, each tailored to specific applications and tasks, ranging
from simple grippers to sophisticated multi-functional tools used in industrial automation,
manufacturing, research, and other fields.
The primary function of an end effector is to enable the robot to accomplish its intended tasks efficiently
and accurately. This often involves manipulating objects with precision, whether it's picking up,
holding, moving, placing, assembling, or performing other actions on them. End effectors must be
carefully designed and engineered to accommodate the specific requirements of the task at hand, taking
into account factors such as the size, shape, weight, and material properties of the objects to be
manipulated, as well as the desired level of precision and speed. One of the most common types of end
effectors is the gripper, which is used to grasp and hold objects securely. Grippers come in various
configurations, including parallel-jaw grippers, which use two opposing jaws to grasp objects, and
robotic fingers or claws, which mimic the dexterity and flexibility of human fingers. Grippers may
employ various mechanisms, such as pneumatic, hydraulic, electric, or even vacuum-based systems, to
actuate their jaws and apply the necessary gripping force.
 Advantages and disadvantages of robotics

Advantages

1) Increased Efficiency: Robots can perform repetitive tasks with high speed, precision, and
consistency, leading to increased productivity and efficiency in various industries such as
manufacturing, logistics, and agriculture.

2) Improved Safety: By automating hazardous or physically demanding tasks, robots can reduce
the risk of injury to human workers, particularly in environments with exposure to extreme
temperatures, toxins, or heavy machinery.

3) Cost Savings: While the initial investment in robotics technology can be significant, the long-
term cost savings can be substantial due to reduced labor costs, increased production rates, and
minimized downtime.

4) Higher Quality: Robots can produce goods with greater precision and consistency than human
workers, leading to higher-quality products with fewer defects and variations.

5) 24/7 Operation: Unlike human workers who require breaks and rest, robots can operate
continuously, enabling round-the-clock production and service capabilities, which is
particularly advantageous in industries with high demand or tight deadlines.

 Disadvantages

1) High Initial Cost: The upfront cost of purchasing and implementing robotics technology can
be prohibitive for some businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs),
which may lack the resources to invest in automation.

2) Job Displacement: The automation of tasks previously performed by human workers can lead
to job displacement and unemployment, particularly for low-skilled workers in industries such
as manufacturing and logistics.

3) Complexity and Maintenance: Robotics systems can be complex and require specialized
knowledge and skills to design, operate, and maintain. Regular maintenance and
troubleshooting are necessary to ensure optimal performance and minimize downtime.

4) Limited Creativity and Problem-Solving Abilities: While robots excel at performing

repetitive tasks with precision, they may lack the creativity, intuition, and problem-solving
abilities of human workers, limiting their suitability for tasks that require complex decision-
making or adaptability to unforeseen circumstances.

5) Environmental Impact: While robotics technology can lead to efficiency gains and reduced
resource consumption in some cases, it can also contribute to environmental degradation
through increased energy consumption, waste generation, and pollution associated with
manufacturing, disposal, and recycling of robotic components.
 3 COURSE OUTCOMES INTEGRATED

1) Design and build the physical chassis or frame of the robot, considering factors such as weight
distribution, stability, and structural integrity.

2) Construct the electrical circuits for powering motors, sensors, and other components. Design
custom PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) if necessary for compactness and efficiency.

3) apply ergonomic principles for efficient tool and equipment design Develop software for
controlling the robot's behavior, including sensor data processing, motor control algorithms, and
decision-making logic. Implement code in languages such as C/C++, Python, or specialized
robotics frameworks.

4) Integrate various sensors such as ultrasonic, infrared, or cameras into the robot. Process sensor
data to make decisions about navigation, obstacle avoidance, or object recognition.

5) Implement control algorithms such as PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control for motor

speed regulation or path planning algorithms like A* or Dijkstra's algorithm for navigation in
dynamic environments.

6) Program microcontrollers (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi) to interface with sensors, process data, and
control actuators. Implement real-time tasks and communication protocols to ensure smooth
operation.
 4.0 ACTUAL RESOURCE USED:

Sr.
Name of Resource / Material Specifications Qty. Remarks
No.

Window 10 1
1 Computer

hp 1
2 Printer

ETM BOOK 1
3 Book

4 A4 1
Papers
 5.0 OUTPUTS OF THE MICRO-PROJECTS
(Presentation of collected data etc.)

1) One primary output of robotics is the completion of physical tasks. This could include actions like
picking up objects, assembling components, welding, painting, or navigating through a maze.

2) Many robots are equipped with sensors to collect data about their environment. This data can include
information about distances, temperatures, light levels, and more. The output here is the data itself, as well
as any analysis performed on it to extract meaningful insights or make decisions.

3) For robots designed for navigation, the output is successful movement from one point to another
while avoiding obstacles. This could be within a controlled environment like a warehouse or in
unstructured outdoor settings.

4) Create a 3D CAD model of the system to visualize and refine the design. Some robots are designed
to interact with humans or collaborate with other robots. The output here is successful communication
and cooperation, which may involve tasks like passing objects, following commands, or working
together on a shared goal.

5) Robots designed for safety and security applications may output alerts or take actions to
mitigate risks. For example, a security robot might alert authorities to suspicious activity or
patrol an area to deter intruders.

6) In research settings, robotics outputs may include new algorithms, methods, or

technologies that advance the field. This could involve breakthroughs in artificial
intelligence, sensor technology, or control system.
 6.0 SKILL DEVELOPED / LEARNING OUT OF THIS MICRO –
PROJECT

 Gain proficiency in programming languages such as C/C++, Python, or specialized robotics frameworks

 Learn circuit design, sensor integration, and microcontroller programming.

 Develop skills in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software and fabrication techniques for building robot
chassis and components.

 Encounter real-world problems in robotics such as sensor noise, actuator calibration, or algorithm
optimization.

 Develop troubleshooting skills to debug hardware and software issues encountered during the project.

 Apply design thinking principles to conceptualize and develop novel robotic solutions for specific tasks or
problems.
 .. 7.0 CONCLUSION:-

In conclusion, the microproject in robotics has provided a valuable opportunity to integrate theoretical
knowledge with practical application, fostering a deeper understanding of key concepts and techniques in
the field. Through the development of our robotic system, we have addressed various course outcomes,
including mechanical design, electronics, programming, sensor integration, control systems, and project
management.

Reference

https//en.m.wikipedia.org

Emerging trends in mechanical engineering book

 Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent
S.No.
be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks9- 10 )

Relevance to the Relate to very few Related to some LOs Take care of atleast
Take care of more
1 course Los one CO than one CO

Not more than two

Literature sources (primary
At-least 5 relevant
Survey and At – least 7 relevant About 10 relevant
2 sources,at least 2
/information secondary), sources, most latest sources , most latest
latest
collection very old
reference
Completion ofthe
Completed less Completed 50 to Completed more
3 Target as per Completed 60 to 80%
than 50% 60% than 80%
project proposal

Sufficient and Enough data

Sufficient and
appropriate sample, appropriatesample, collected by
sufficient and proper
Sample Size small, enough data enough data
Analysis of Data generated but not generated which is sample size. Proper
data neither
4 and organizedand not organized and inferences drawnby
organized nor
representation presented organising and
presented well presentedwell
well. No or poor but poor inferences presenting data
inferences drawn drawn through tables, charts
and graphs.
Well Well assembled/
Just assembled/fabricated fabricated with
assembled/fabricated with proper proper functioning
and parts are not functioning parts. In parts. In proper
Incomplete functioning well. proper shape, within shape, within
Quality of fabrication/ Not in proper shape, tolerance dimensions tolerance
5
Prototype/Model dimensions beyond and good
assembly dimensions and
tolerancelimit. finish/appearance. good finish/
Appearance/finish is But no creativity in appearance.
shabby. design and use of Creativity in design
material and use of material
 Nearly sufficientand
Very short, poor Very detailed,
correct details about Detailed, correct and
quality sketches, correct, clear
methods, material, clear description of
Details about description of
precautions and methods, materials,
Report methods, material, methods, materials,
6 conclusion, but precautions and
Preparation precaution and precautions and
clarity is not therein Conclusions.
Conclusions conclusions. Enough
presentation. But not Sufficient Graphic
omitted, some tables, charts and
enough graphic Description.
details are wrong sketches
description.
EVALUATION AS PER SUGGESTED RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF MICRO PROJECT
 Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent
S.No.
be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks9- 10 )

Major information Includes major Includes major Well organized,

isnot included, information but not informationand well includes major
7 Presentation
information isnot well organized and organized but not information ,well
well organized. notpresented well presented well presented
Any other
(depending
upon nature
8 ofproject :
please write
indicators by
pen)
Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly to
considerable considerable number considerable Replied most of the
9 Defense
number of Of questions but not questions properly
question. very properly number of question.
 MICRO-PROJECT EVALUATION SHEET

Process Assessment Product Assessment

Part B -
Project Individual Total
Part A - Project Project
Name Report/ Presentation/ Marks
Proposal Methodology
Working Viva 10
(2 Marks) (2 Marks)
Model (4 Marks)
(2 Marks)
GUNJAL PRAMOD
DATTATRAY

Name and designation of the Faculty Member:

Prof : Mrs. A.G MORE _

Signature :