 Aristotle's philosophy, as outlined in his "Nicomachean Ethics," encompasses various key ideas across its books.

Book 1 lays the foundation for his ethics, emphasizing the pursuit of intrinsic goods as the driving force behind human
actions. He introduces "architectonic arts" and the teleological principle, highlighting the importance of understanding the
purpose (telos) of actions for virtuous conduct. Happiness is identified as the ultimate good, pursued for its intrinsic value.
Aristotle also emphasizes the role of politics in shaping society and ethical education. He stresses clear communication and
cautions against the influence of emotions in political science.
Book 2 delves into the two types of virtue: intellectual and moral. Intellectual virtue is acquired through education, while
moral virtue is developed through habit. Virtues find a balance between excess and deficiency, similar to health and
strength. Pleasure and pain influence moral decisions, reflecting one's character. Virtue is seen as a balanced state of
character that enables moral goodness and effective task performance. Aristotle illustrates virtue and vice with examples
and emphasizes the role of early training and educators in character development.
In Book 10, Aristotle discusses the nature of happiness and virtue. True happiness is an activity aligned with virtue,
particularly contemplative wisdom. This wisdom involves exercising the intellect and understanding noble and divine things,
representing the most complete happiness. Pursuing intellectual capacities, the divine element within us, leads to genuine
happiness. Aristotle distinguishes between primary and secondary happiness, with practical virtues rooted in emotions and
contemplative wisdom valued for its intrinsic worth. He underscores the importance of leisure in achieving happiness, with
philosophy providing the necessary time for contemplation and the pursuit of wisdom. Virtuous behavior is cultivated
through practice, and Aristotle highlights the role of laws, education, and experienced politicians in shaping virtuous
individuals and well-ordered states.