STI COLLEGE OF GENERAL SANTOS INC.

J. Catolico Sr. Avenue, General Santos City, 9500

07 Activity 1 & 07 Worksheet 2

Presented to the
Tourism And Hospitality Management Department

In Partial Fulfillment in
Rizal’s Life and Works
Under Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Presented To:
Mr. Edgar Adam P. Escolano
Course Instructor

Presented By:
Bargallo, Joaquin O.
Centino, Rvie Jay T.
Decena, Princess D.
Guiñeta, Jea Lyca M.
Tibas, Eristha Ann P.
Lim, Winxy L.
Yerro, Ray Jane C.
BSTM 4-1BP

JANUARY 2024

1|Page
 07 Activity 1

Directions: Using the provided readings, compare and contrast the given races below. (100 points)
DIFFERENCES
Mainland Asian Races Malay Race Caucasian Race
• It has been • Rizal considered the • Caucasian Races
recognized the Filipinos as part of the have progressive and
achievements and Malay race, liberal ideas of some
cultural richness of emphasizing their Europeans and
various Asian common ancestry sought reforms for
civilizations. with other Southeast the Philippines based
Asian peoples. on these principles.
• Rizal did not promote
racial superiority or • He admired the • Rizal did not view the
inferiority among Malay race for its Caucasian race
Asian races. positive qualities, negatively, but he
such as hospitality, criticized the
courage, and a sense oppressive colonial
of justice. policies of some
European nations,
• Rizal aimed to particularly the
debunk the negative Spanish colonizers in
stereotypes the Philippines.
associated with the
Malay race, • Rizal was critical of
particularly the notion the abuses committed
of indolence. by certain Europeans
in the colonies,
including the
Philippines.
SIMILARITIES
It has been emphasized the common humanity of all races, promoting the idea that no race is
inherently superior or inferior. Additionally, all races were advocated for social justice,
equality, and the recognition of the dignity of all individuals regardless of their race.
Therefore, it showed the importance of education and enlightenment to overcome prejudices
and promote mutual understanding among different races.

2|Page
 07 Worksheet 2

Directions: Fill in the table below. (20pts X 3)

How did Jose Rizal and the other ilustrados view cultural minorities before the Exposition?
READING(S) USED JUSTIFICATION

Filomeno Aguilar’s Tracing Origins: Ilustrado Prior to the Spanish colonial display in the
Nationalism and the Racial Science of Migration Philippines, Rizal and other ilustrados had
Waves diverse perspectives on the many cultural
minorities living throughout the archipelago. In
the late 19th century, a group of educated
Filipinos known as the ilustrados worked for
social and political reforms. Being one of the
ilustrados' most well-known figures, Rizal is
frequently linked to promoting the welfare and
rights of Filipinos, especially those from
culturally minority backgrounds. In general,
Rizal and the ilustrados had a curious,
patronizing, and assimilationist viewpoint on
cultural diversity. Although they acknowledged
the richness and complexity of indigenous
cultures, they also considered these people to be
"indigenous" and in need of influence from the
civilized world. This viewpoint was shaped by
the Eurocentric notions that were popular at the
time as well as the goal of uniting Filipinos under
the name of "Philippine culture."

Were their initial reactions a form of racial discrimination and elitism culture?
READING(S) USED JUSTIFICATION

Filomeno Aguilar’s Tracing Origins: Ilustrado The initial reactions discussed in Aguilar's work
Nationalism and the Racial Science of Migration reveal a manifestation of racial discrimination
Waves and elitism deeply ingrained in the societal fabric
of that time. Aguilar highlights the dual
challenges of class and race that threatened the
nation's perceived unity. The prevailing mindset,
particularly among the ilustrados, emphasized an
inherent superiority of the Filipino race,
positioning them as enlightened and belonging to

3|Page
 a dominant class. This self-perception clashed
with the discriminatory perspectives imposed by
foreigners, creating tension between the
ilustrados' enlightened Filipino identity and
external racial prejudices.

Additionally, the concept of the Philippines as a

diverse, hybrid, and stratified society is central to
Aguilar's analysis. Despite the inherent
complexity within the Filipino population, there
was a prevailing desire to present a unified front,
accentuating an enlightened class capable of
self-governance. This internal struggle to
reconcile the nation's diverse realities resulted in
a narrative that portrayed the ilustrados as a
civilized and civilizable group deserving of
independence.

Finally, the ilustrados grappled with a form of

cultural elitism, seeking recognition as a distinct
and advanced race despite external racist
perceptions. This internalized sense of
superiority was interwoven with their aspiration
for an independent and sovereign Filipino nation.
Aguilar's work illuminates how notions of race,
class, and identity converged within ilustrado
discourse, shaping their perception of self and
nation. In conclusion, their initial reactions were
indeed indicative of a culture steeped in racial
discrimination and elitism.

What were the instances during Rizal’s exile in Dapitan that made him change his mind about
the primitive race?
READING(S) USED JUSTIFICATION

Filomeno Aguilar’s Tracing Origins: Ilustrado Jose Rizal's experiences in Dapitan, which took
Nationalism and the Racial Science of Migration place between 1892 and 1896, gave him the
Waves chance to interact with a variety of indigenous
groups, and these interactions influenced his
perspective on the capabilities and potential of
these communities. For this reason, Rizal
underwent a transformative period in terms of his

4|Page
views on the so-called "primitive race”. So,
the instances during Rizal’s exile in Dapitan that
made him change his mind about the primitive
race are during his stay in Dapitan, he noted that
Dapitan's population, particularly the ethnic
minority who resided in the town's highlands,
was impoverished in many ways. He also
made it his mission to help the people in various
means, using his time to practice his medical
knowledge, teach a few willing young men, and
himself into multiple subjects, and help
farmers with their farming techniques and
agricultural trade. Furthermore, during his
correspondence with Blumentritt, he started
creating a guide on Tagalog grammar for easier
knowledge transmission, and began to work on
the Bisayan, Malay, Madecassis, and cultural
languages like Mangyan. In general, Rizal's stay
in Dapitan was a time of personal development
and awakening. His contacts with the locals
challenged colonial-era preconceptions and
aided in the development of his understanding of
race and culture. Rizal began to see the
possibilities for improvement and development
within previously neglected and misunderstood
cultures.

5|Page